Chirakkal (Job Training)

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTIONHandloom is an ancient industry in India. Kannur is traditionally been known as one of the major handloom weaving agents of Kerala. The Chirakkal Weavers Co operative Production and sales society is one of the leading c operative institute in Kerala, in South India, having a wide range of products serving both domestic and International Market.Kannur is the main Handloom concentrated district in Kerala, for the production of exportable item. Chirakkal Weavers Co operative Society is well known for their quality of products .But the attitude of customers towards the Handloom products is different from individual to individual .If we compare the price of Handloom products with other products available in the market, there is a slight increase and also close substitutes are rushing in the market. So the society must capture strength to stick in the market.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effectiveness of training program in the organization. To know whether the training program helped in increasing the job knowledge and program at each level of the organization. To find out whether the employee achieve the organizational goals. To analyze the satisfaction in with the performance evaluation after the training. To study the level of increase in productivity of employees after training.NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDYIn India millions of people with traditional skills will make a living by producing handy craft goods including handlooms. Mahatma Gandhi during sufficient and called for revival of rural hand craft and textiles .The handloom sectors occupies a place of eminence in preserving the countrys heritage and culture and play a critical role in economy. Handloom products are unique and each price is different from others.The handloom industry is largely rural based, and is an important provider of rural non form employment. In fact, handloom is the largest employment provider after agriculture. It employs 120 lakhs weaving families, and handloom production now consists about 13 % of the countrys total textiles production.Handloom enjoys an exclusive position in our textile and clothing exports. Indian handloom exports constitute nearly 15% of the fabrics made up clothing exported from India1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDYThe study on training program was conducted at Chirakkal Weavers Co operative Production and sales society Ltd. The study includes familiarizing with various human resource activities in the organization, with emphasis on training methods, policies and procedures formulated and implemented by the organization. It also includes the evaluation of satisfaction of the employee and also the effectiveness of the training programmers and it also concerned on the evaluation of overall performance of the organization.1.4 METHODOLOGYFor the purpose of the study both primary and secondary data were used.Primary data:1. Personnel interview 2. By observation3. By interaction with workersSecondary data:1. Company records2. Annual report3. Magazines4. Journals

1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY1. Due to lack of time, complete data were not collected2. It is Co operative Society so there are some refers and regulations from the concerned authority to disclose current years financial reports.

CHAPTER 2INDUSTRY PROFILE

2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILEHandloom productions have national contribution to significant GDP and export earnings. According to the Ministry at textile, export earnings have laid as 1998-1999 was Rs 1956 cores, current figures are respected to the around the same. The Handloom Sector Provides employment for an estimated 12.5 million people and is the largest rural employment provides to go to agriculture, generating jobs also in semi urban and urban areas at India.According to surveys, conducted by NGOs the country has more than 38, 00,000 Handlooms. In North Eastern States there are more than 15, 00,000 Domestic Handlooms. Handlooms in North India and South India are geared for commercial production for domestic and also exporting their products abroad.Many Handloom centers well know tourist spots, drawing from places of India and foreign countries as well. Thus the tourism Industries fortunes are in part influenced the Handloom Sector and its frame. There are 32 other sectors benefiting from Handloom sector, including transportations, financial services, marketing services and maintenance services, hotels.Handloom has an umbilical linkage with cotton farmers and rural formers and the rural form economy. Agricultural labor gets employment in Handloom sector during the non Agricultural seasons; the sector has self sustaining mechanism including training for young weavers irrespective of genders.Textile industry is flourishing day by day in India. But at the sometime Handloom are facing various threats. There is negligence from the part of government towards Handloom Industry. The grants and subsidies provided by the government are reducing. Those Handloom Industries running in poor conditions are not getting special attention from government.Lack of experienced workers is another important problem faced by the industry. The Industry does not able to recruit adequate for doing the work efficiently and effectively. The mistakes from employees while producing results very serious problems like deterioration in quality, changes in color affects the societies business adversely. Due to this, many of the regular customers are returning the sold products. So that sales return is increasing year by year. They never give any consideration that this is a Handloom Industry; most of the products are handmade so there is a chance of small defects.

HANDLOOM INDUSTRY IN KERALAHistorically, Kerala has long been a land of racial admixture and Co existence, Kerala Handloom industry carries a vital role in states economy and fields of employment. A very large number of looms are located in rural areas. There are men and women weavers for whom weaving is a way of life. In early days majority of handloom weavers followed the hereditary time. The main communities engaged in weaving are saliyas and Devanges.The Kerala handloom Industry is spread all over the state, but Handlooms are concentrated in certain places. Kerala state Handloom Co Operative society (Hantex) the apex organization of the co-operation Ltd.(HANVEEV)providing series (especially marketing) to individual weavers are the principle development agencies assisting the department of Handloom and textile. Southern Kerala is famous for superfine products like sarees, Dothies and Set mundu etc. But going to northern or Malabar scale main production changed to coarser varieties like furnishing items, lead spreads, towels etc. The common products in Kerala are thorthu (bathing towel) and lungies.Almost 200,000 of people are earning their livelihood 75% of them are in Co operative line. Almost 5 lakhs of people are depending on Handloom Industry. Around 500,000 Handloom both in private employment to about 1.25 lakhs weavers.

HANDLOOM INDUSTRY IN KANNURKannur is traditionally been known as one of the major Handloom Weaving agents of Kerala, the city of looms and Lores , is called MANCHESTER OF KERALA. Handloom Industry is the most important and largest on the District. Handloom clothes of Kannur have won international reputation.The industry was confirmed to the production of a course varieties dhoti and production of quality and exportable varieties of Handloom fabric was started when Evingical Mission interred the field. The Handloom Industry which was once the monopoly of private enterprise was since been organized on Co operative lines.Famous Kannur sports shirting varieties like crape are the donation of this district. The weavers are mainly working in industrial society, primary Handloom weavers co operative society, private Handloom exporters and individual weavers together constitute the Handloom sector in Kannur. The main products are shirting, make ups, jacquarels furnishing, Turkish, earezha thorthu etc for domestic purpose. Kannur Mundu is a popular variety.The main centers of Kannur are Azhikode, Chirakkal, Kanhirode, Panoor, Kuthuparamba and Kalliasery. There are 73 societies established in this district and with about 50 exporters in private sector together have 13667 weavers.

CHAPTER 3COMPANY PROFILE

3.2 COMPANY PROFILEThe Chirakkal Weavers Co operative production and sales society was established in the year 1947 under the Madras Co operative societies Act, 1932. This workers society is one of the leading to Co operative institutions of Kerala, is South India, having a wide range of products serving both domestic and international market, its address shall be chirakkal village, Chirakkal post, in the Taluk of Kannur is the district, and its operation shall be confined to Chirakkal Puzhathi Amsoms. The object of the society is to improvement of the handloom industry and at the economic condition of weavers. The liability of the members of the society shall be limited to the share capital subscribed by them. The value of each shares shall the paid either is one bump summer allotment or in installment.Kannur is the main Handloom concentrated district in Kerala, for the production of exportable item. The Malabar furnishing in the field of handloom export market are mainly produced from here. 90% of the total products is being normally exported through various organizations working at Handloom export Chirakkal Village has an outstanding broad in this regard.The society is blessed with traditional art of weaving for Handloom products with the touch or originality and creativity. The secret of the fabric from Chirakkal Weavers is the excellent structure and texture of cloth, unique color combination, width and craftsmanship. The clusters of weavers of this society have driven the technology of Handloom products to the international arena in producing the most eco friendly products. Handloom clothes of excellent qualities are exported to Asian and European countries. Handloom furnishing and made ups of Kannur has high reputation is international market. There are about 3,000 weavers belonging to all communities working in cooperative field as well as private sector. The handloom furnishing and made ups of cannanore has high reputation in international market .best weaving quality and azofree dying with best fastness are identifies fabrics Chirakkal Weavers Co operative Society is well known for their quality of products. But the attitude of customers towards the Handloom products is different from individual. If we compare price of handloom products with other substitutes available in market, there is a slight increase which creates hesitation in the minds of customers in buying the products. Competitions are very strong in the market. Close substitutes are rushing in the market. So the society must capture the strength to stick in the market.

OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY To improve and develop handloom industry. To enhance economic conditions of the weavers. To organize weavers to provide raw materials to the individual weavers for processing their goods. To save their rich tradition of Handloom. To increase the export quality of the products by introduction of latest technology in weaving and stitching To market products of the individual weavers To provide regular work to all weavers. To create more employment especially to women

MOTTO OF THE SOCIETY Each for all, all for eachThe companys Motto is to give job and good benefits to the workers.LOCATIONThe society is situated at Chirakkal Village of Chirakkal panchayat. It is very near to national highway junction at Valapattanam about 6km of north of district headquarters, Kannur, in Kerala State, in South India.

BANKERS OF CHIRAKKAL WEAVERS

State bank of India, Kannur Indian Bank, Chennai Kannur district co operative bank Kodiyery vanitha co-operative society

ROUTE MAPAir Calicut and Mangalore is the nearest airport of Kannur. Mangalore and Calicut are serviced by daily flights from Mumbai (Bombay), Chennai (madras) and Delhi other international airports of Kerala are Cochin and TrivandrumRailKannur is well connected by rail from all parts of India. The train journey from Mumbai to Kannur is very pleasant as the same passes through the coastal area of konkanRoadCalicut Thalassesry-Kannur- chirakkalMangalore Kasargod Thaliparmba-Chirakkal

COMPANYS ADDRESSThe Chirakkal Weavers Co operative production and sales society limitedNo. F 12ChirakkalKannur - 670 011, Kerala.Phone no: 0091-497-2778239Fax no: 0031-497-277924Email: [email protected]: www.chirtex.org

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTUREAn organization is a group of individual coordinated into different levels of authority and segment of specialization for the purpose of achieving the goals and objections of the organization. It is also understood as a dynamic process and a managerial activity which is necessary for bringing people together in pursuit of common objections. Whether it is a sole trader or a partnership concern of a limited company modern business organization are no longer the one man show , resources are pooled so also managerial skills. The organization structure provides a basis of network or framework for managers and other employees for performing various functions. The structure also facilities work flow in the organization.Top level management This level consists of board of directors, president and secretary. The functions of this level include determination of organization goals and objectives, overall planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.Middle level managementThis stands between top management and supervisory management level. This level coordinates the functions of both top management and supervisory management. It consists of manager, clerk, accountants and other subordinates.Supervisory management It is concerned with the efficient in using resources of the organization. it is an execution of the policies and procedure making a serious of decision with well defined and promises various assistance and quality controllers and constitutes this level.

3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Board of DirectorsSecretaryManagerProduction supervisorClerkStore keeperQuality checkerAccountantDyeing MasterWeaving MasterDyeing WorkerWeaving Worker

2.1 Weavers Co Operative production

3.3 PRODUCT PROFILEThe Kannur based handloom made ups and home furbishing industry has witnessed good growth due to quality weaving azofree dying with high performance. The Society has about 50 workers who are not trained to take up export quality production and looms up to width 120 inches. Dyeing capacity is not less than any 120 bundles per day (VAT dyeing). It has also tied up with other co operative production centers to milk bulk order. It has fully fledged dye house and use only permitted colors and chemicals. At most care is taken at different stages from dyeing, minding etc to weaving.The final product is appraised by qualified weaving master to ensure the quality before goods goes to the customers. Besides, the productions of range at furnishing, made ups, mats terry towels seer, succer tucks and double cloths, garments are also been produced as a mark of appreciation to these performances, the government of India has sanctioned a Handloom Development Center and a quality dyeing unit to this co operation.The Chirakkal Weavers Co operative Society supplies it products through 5-6 depots under their apex units, the Kerala State Handlooms and Handweav. The central and state government fixes rebate during festivals.The various products of the Chirakkal Weavers Co Operative Society are: Bed sheets Sarees Lungies Dhoties Pillow Covers Curtain Cloth Sheet Made ups Mats Terry towels Ticks Double cloths3.1 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

BOARD OF DIRECTOR

SECRETARY

MANAGER

Store keeperProduction supervisorssSenior keeperQuality keeperAccount officer

Dyeing mastersWeaving masters

Dyeing workersWeaving workers

CHAPTER 4 DEPARTMENTAL STUDY

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

4.1 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTProduction is the process of transforming raw materials or purchased components in to finished products for sale. It begins from requisition of the production resources and with manufacturing goods or providing goods. Production is the basic activity of all industrial units. The end of the product of production activity is producing of goods and services for the satisfaction of human needs.Production Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities of the production function. Both manufacturing and service organizing fall in to the scope of production management and inclusion with service it is called operation management. In a smaller organization production, servicing and control are handled by a single person. The larger the organization grows the functions are handled by different specialist.Essence of good production management centers round a trio of forecasting, planning and control of production. The result of good production management are reflected in the servicing of many interested parts in production machine of a nation such as the consumers, the investors, the community, the supplier, the employers and the nation as a whole.

4.2 PRODUCTION SYSTEM CHART

INPUTCONVERSIONOUTPUT

Production system receives inputs in the form of materials. These are changed by converting sale system in to output. The core of a production system is conversion subsystem, where materials and machines are are used to convert input in to product and services.PRODUCTION FUNCTIONSProduction function means the functional relationship between input and output. The transformation of input to output is the meaning of production. There exist a relationship between input and output, i.e., a change in the quality of input leads to the change in the quality of output. Input means those things which are used for producing goods and services. Production is creation of values or utilities.There are four production factors.a) Landb) Laborc) Capital d) Organization

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT IN CWCSIn cwcs, production department is the most important functional area, for the smooth flow of organization. Without production department, there is no business. So the success of the organization mainly depended upon production department. Production department helps to perform all activities related to the production of production in efficient way. Production management simply means management of production is necessary. Production management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling of production process. Production management as defined as the designed operation and improvement of the transformation process which converts various inputs into desired output of products and services In cwcs , Board of directors deals with decision relating to the new design and control of production process. So that resulting goods and services are proceed according to certain specification in the amount and by the schedule demanded at a minimum cost

The production manger takes decision for smooth functioning of he production process, while taking the decision he must consider the following matters.

Availability of raw materials (yarn, dyes) in cheaper at a right time Produce maximum products at quality Introduce new designs or color contribution in dying process Minimizing the wastage of time during the production stage Provide instruction To yarn helper, dying master about the production

SCOPE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The scope of production department course a wide range of area. It include long term strategic decisions and operational decisions

1) Production section and design:- The product mix makes our system either efficient or inefficient. Choosing the products, keeping the mission and overall objectives in mind is the key to success. Design of the products makes the firm competitor or competitive. 2) Process selection and planning: - selection of the process include taking decision about technology, machines and equipments, process planning, detailing the stages of process give us an idea of optimum automation and mechanism.3) Facilities location: - here the decision is taken on where to locate the operation of production. It is a long term decision; location should be possible to cut down production and distribution costs.4) Layout and material handling: - plant layout deals with arrangement of machines and plant facilities. The machines should be so arranged that how of the production remains smooth. There should not be any overlapping duplication or interruption in production flow. The department should be laid out in such a way that the cost of material handling is reduced.5) Capacity planning: - this deals with procurement of productive resources. Capacity refers to the level of output of conversion process over a period of time. Capacity is planned for short term as well as for long term.6) Production planning: - planning is a pre operational continuity. It is aim at anticipating probable difficulties so that they can be eliminated before they materialize .production planning aims at setting the goals or target and allocating the existing resources namely machines, materials and plant services among varied production operations so that their best possible use can be made in the light of set goals on standards.7) Production control: - control is a management technique which aims to see that the activities are carried on in line which the pre determined standards. In case of production activity, production control tries to see that actual manufacturing confirm with the pre determined standards and influence of production.8) Inventory control: - it deals with control over raw materials, finished products etc. the management of these items is closely related with the production function. And it is included in production management. The low material supplied should be purchased at the right time, right quantity. From right source and at the right place. Store keeping is also an important aspects in production management 9) Quality control :- the long term success of business largely depends on its ability to maintain the quality standards as decided by the management and prescribed items of specification like size, color, shape , etc. the quality control is maintained by taking the actual production and by ascertain whether they confirm to set standards.10) Maintenance and replacement :- it includes proactive methods to avoid machines break down maintenance, policies regarding repair and replacement decisions.

STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Board of directors

Secretary

Manger

WeavingDyeingCarpenter

DyeingDyeingDyeing

PLANT LAYOUTPlant layout refers to the arrangements of machinery, equipment and other industrial facilities such as receiving department, tool rooms, maintenance rooms and employees amenities for the purpose of achieving quickest and smoothest production at least cost.In Chirakkal Weavers society, the equipments are arranged as per functions performed i.e., here the process layout is used. This also referred as group layout or functional layout. As per this layout, materials moves long distance and along crisis-crossing plans. A quality of raw materials is issued to the machines for first situation in another part of factory.This type of layout is suitable for the society as there is non- repetitive or intermittent type of production and also, the fabrics are manufactured at irregular interval and by different sequence of operation.It makes better utilization of skill of workers and the machinery. There is greater flexibility in production and efficient supervision is possible. It is easier to handle breakdown and there happens no interception in production due to breakdown of any one machine.

PLANT UTILITIESPlant Utilities refers to such services as lighting, ventilation, air-conditioning, and sanitation and noise control. All these deserve die to consideration from operation management as they contribute to increased efficiency and greater output. LIGHTINGNatural daylight is utilized which is both economical and good for eyes. Artificial lighting and air-conditioning system is also provides. Most modern generation also available in the organization

VENTILATION AND CLEANLINESSThere are sufficient windows, doors and partitions which allow free circulation of fresh and natural air. The organization and surroundings are also kept cleaned every day.

RAW MATERIALS The main raw materials for the handloom industry include yarn in different counts. The cotton yarns are mainly used but as per the requirements polyster, rayon, silk, polyester and blended from are used. Dyes of different groups such as vat dyes, Azoic dyes, Reactive dyes, Disperse dyes etc. Chemicals such as bleaching powder and hydrogen peroxide for bleaching. Dye ingredients like soda ash, soda hydrogen, sulphate acids and caustic soda dye, pigments for fabric painting, finishing agents. Utilities like stream water, firewood, furnace oil.

SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

The main raw materials for the handloom industry are yarn.mainly the raw materials are collected from Yarn society in Kannur Co operative spinning mill Erode in Tamilnadu Chovva Attic Indicom

YarnYarn is the most important raw materials in cws. If the yarn is not available, the production will stop. It is critical material in the society. The inter depended and the inter relationship objectives in production can be seen in terms of the procurements, storage, and yarn distribution. There are mainly four types of 3 yarn is used in cwcs they are

Cotton Viscore Liven Silk

DyesDye is an important raw materials in cwcs, which is mainly used for changing the color of yarn, it is mainly used for giving dyes to the each yarns, dyed includes wide range of colors like blue, green, violets, orange, yellow, pink, brown etc. there are three types of dyes. They are

Vat dyes Teactive dyes Nefthol bare

Vat dyes includes Yellow GCN Yellow 3RT Orange 3G Orange PRT Red 3B Red 6B Blue BC Blue 3R

Reactive dyes includes Portion Rum sole

Caustic sodaCaustic soda is an act as an agent to give and sustain dyes in yarn in the dyeing process.

Hydrogen peroxide It provides for removing the natural coloring lata in the yarn by a process known a bleaching powder and hydrogen peroxide.

PRODUCTION PROCESSProduction Process converts input like materials, labor and capital in to some tangible outputs. Steps of production process1. PLANNINGProduction Plan is charted out on the basis of customers order and also for regular local market. This plan is finalized by holding a meeting of board of directors.2. SAMPLE DEVELOPMENTThe company develops various designs such as woven printed fabric swatches and it can be directly taken for bulk production or to prepare full size samples.3. APPROVAL OF SAMPLESDevelops samples are forwarded to lawyers along with cost particulars. Customers approve or reject the sample. If approved, the designs are sent back to production centers for production with specific remarks on quantity to be produced and any changes required in color and patterns. The Society also produces the design according to the samples provided by customers and those samples are forwarded to the weaving masters and production is done accordingly.

4. PROCUREMENT OF YARNAfter the approval of sample required raw materials such as yarn, dyes and chemicals are procured. The raw materials are obtained from the co operative mills, NABARD and also from private agencies and stored in societys god own.5. PROCESSING OF YARNThe required yarns are collected from godowns and toed up in to lots. Yarn when procured is either is given as raw yarn only or it is passed through the following processor according to the requirements. The yarn is transferred to various processing centers. Raw yarn need to transfer to weavers. In the processing centers yarn is passed through the following process.a) Boiling: Grey cotton yarn as such is not directly suitable for dying or bleaching as it contains natural impurities such as fats waxes, coloring matter peclino, broken leaves etc. this is done by boiling by yarn with hot alkaline soap solution in kier under high pressure or in open lacks without pressure at 90-95 Degree Celsius temperature.b) Bleaching : In order to obtain white material and facilitate the production of pale and bright shades, it is necessary to remove the material coloring matter is yarn by a process called bleaching with the help of bleaching powder or hydrogen peroxide.c) SqueezingThe boiled wet yarn is then squeezed to eliminate water which is then ready for coloring.d) DyeingThe yarn is then dyed using VAT dyes. VAT dyes are used because of their fastness to light washing, rubbing and perspiration even to hypochlorite bleaching. They are used in the production of colored shirting, sarees, laboring material, window curtains and fabrics that are frequently subjected to laundering. There dyes include a wide range of colors

e) DryingDyed yarn is dried in dryer and put in sunlight to extract moisture from yarn. Dried yarn is then transferred to the stores from where it is handed over to weavers. Quantity specifications are made in regard to the number of wefts and warps in each pick.

f) Bobbin WindingThe collected yarns are then wounded into a bobbin that is the threads are placed in to bundles in the required pattern and the process is called bobbin winding.g) WarpingWarps are the set of yarn placed lengthwise in the loom forming lengthwise thread of a woven textile. Warping is done and this is then rolled out and supplied to weavers.h) Twisting (Piercing)It is the next process which comes after warping .twisting makes the yarn more free and gives neat to the work. It is done with hand and need lot of practice.i) Weft Winding (Pirn Winding)Different patterns of weft are also made. Weft is the set of yarns carried by the shuttle and voked at the right angle with the warp. This roll is called pern.j) WeavingThe warp and weft are inter lace and turned to bring it out as a woven textile That is weaving the warp and weft is inter voked at right angles. The warp yarns are held in place on a loom and the weavers inserts the weft yarn. A better form of loom is known as Jacquard looms to weave out different design can be weaved out easily in this loom.k) Measuring and InspectionBefore packing, weaved out fabric is measured and inspected to meet the specifications. Any defeat in the material will lead to the rejection of material.L) Stitching and PackingAfter measuring and inspection the material is given to stitching section for perfection. At each step the inspection is done by the weaving masters. Stitched material is folded neatly and ironed. Then it is taken to the packing section for packing. Then the cloth is ready for sale.

YARN PURE HOUSINGCOLLECTION FROM GODOWNDYEING BOILING COLOURING BOBBIN WINDING WARPING SUPPLY WARP TO WEAVERSTWISTINGWEFT BINDINGWEAVINGMEASURING AND INSPECTIONSTITCHING AND PACKING 3.3 PRODUCTION PROCESS

STRENGTH AND RANGE OF PRODUCTIONThe strength of the company or society extends to 280 looms up to width 120 inches including Dobby Jacquard up to 90inches and heavy up to 40inches dyeing capacity is not less than any 120bundles per day (VAT dyeing). It has also tied up with other co-operative production center to meet bulk order. It has fully fledged dye house and use only permitted colors and chemical which do not contain any harmful amines almost carries taken at different stages of dying, winding, denting and joining, beaming and weaving The final product is appraised by qualified weaving master to ensure the quality before goods goes to the customers besides, the production of range of furnishing , made ups ,mats , terry towels ,seer and double cloths , garments are also been produced. As a mark of appreciation to their performance the government of India has sanctioned a handloom development center and a quality dyeing unit to this co-operation. The companies supply its product through 5-6 depots under Kerala state handloom and HANVEV government fixed relate during festivals and other occasions

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

4.4 STRUCTURE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing Functions

Functions of exchangingPhysicalFacilitating

4.2 MARKETING DEPARTMENTAccording to Philip kolter- marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need, want and through creating, offering and exchanging products of value with others.Marketing touches every aspect of our lives, from our birth to death. Our entire life, our life styles and existence and continuously affected by marketing. Marketing is social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values.The society has no specialized marketing department. The main marketing activity of the society is to market their products locally and internationally. The products are procured on the given order by the customers. So the samples or brochures are the sources of marketing the products.The company produces its products for domestic consumption and for exporting. It exports mainly to Hongkong. It exports also to countries like UK, USA and Muscat. Samples are obtained from the foreign customers with their detailed specification like color, design, thickness etc.The society supplies its products during relate. During the rebate period these products attract a large number of customers which makes handloom competitive in terms of price. About 75% of sales are during rebate period.BRAND NAMEBranding is a marketing technique. In the society the products are sold out to the public without the brand name. But the products of the society are familier and attractive is the local and international market.ADVERTISEMENTAdvertisement is very less in the society. Brochures are published during festival season and cultural events

PUBLICITY AND EXHIBITIONSThe society participates in National Handloom Exports; District level events, crafts meals etc in different parts of the country for publicity. Such activities of the society are supportive to the handloom agencies, weavers and consumers.MARKETING MIXMarketing Mix is the set of contribute tactical marketing tools products, price, place and promotion that the firm wants to produce response that it wants in the target market. ProductsProducts means the goods and services combination the company offers to the market. It includes product variety, quality, features, brand name, packing services, warranties etc.The society produces wide range of handloom products. Export oriented items are made up, jacquard furnishing, Turkish towel, thorthu, sating sheet, lungies etc. all the raw materials and finished goods are being ensured of the quality. The products are sold out without any specific brand name. PricePrice is the amount of money; customers have to pay to obtain the product. It is the most critical and most flexible element in the marketing mix. The co operative society does not have legitimate right of making profit but they need finance for every process in the organization. NABARD provides them financial support.The societys products are generally priced high but because of high quality and reputation, while pricing the products, the cost fact is considered. Largest customers are still having the brand loyalty on the product. PromotionPromotion means the activity that communicates the merits of the products and pursues target customers to lay It. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations are considering factors for promoting a product.For promoting the sales during festival seasons like Onam, Vishu, Christmas etc. The society gives an opportunity to the consumers for enjoying the government rebate of 20% on its products. Publicity of Public RelationThis component of promotion is found effective through the organization; dont make any payment for publicity. Personnel SellingPersonnel selling are another important aspect of marketing mix. The process of selling is ensured by personnel selling supported by advertisement and sales promotion. It refers to oral and face to face communication and presentation between a sales representatives and more prospective buyers in an attempt to influence other in a purchase situation with the customer for the purpose of making sales. Place Place includes those activities that makes the product available to the customer. It includes channel coverage assortment of location transportation inventory and logistics. The Chirakkal weavers sell both to domestic market as well as international market. It sells most of it product through its apex organization. The society directly sells their fabrics to some of their customer like the Sanav home collection Bangalore. 20% of the government rebate is provided during festival season. The fabrics of the society are stored in warehouse near production unit. The goods are stored in store from where they are taken into packing section as power requirements.COMPETITIONCompetition is the most common feature of modern day because it enables both the organization and economy to grow and prosper. Unhealthy competition is a threat.

CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTIONThere is less chance of distribution. The manufactured goods are directly sold or distributed with the co operation of many agencies.Generally, the marketing department faces lot of problems like lack of standardization, inadequate market intelligence, and insufficient holding capacity.A large number of artists and craftsman continue substantially on middle men of supply of their inputs and market including outlets that appropriate most of their profit. Sales of handloom products mainly depend on rebate allowed on them. Volume of inventories when rebates are not operates becoming quite large

Brand name Branding means giving a name sign symbol, design or combination of all so as to distinguish the product from other similar products. In other words branding means having the product by which it is known and remembered by the consumers. It helps the manufacturer to distinguish it from rival products and guides the consumer to identify it. In chirakkal weavers they follows family branding strategy that means society uses and only brand name i.e. chintex .

SALES TURNOVERDue to severe competition from power loom sector and other large scale units and because of lack of standardization, sales turnover of the society is seen to be decreasing in recent years.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

4.5 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Board of directorsSecretaryAccountantSenior clerkAccountant officer

The chirakkal weavers co-operation society has board of directors taking all the decisions regarding the financial aspects of the company. The secretary assists the board of directors. The senior clerk, the accountant officer works under secretary in taking financial decision.

4.3 FINANCE DEPARTMENTEvery enterprise, whether big or small needs finance to carry its operation to achieve its goals. Finance makes the wheel of business run smoothly. Finance has become an integral part of businessFinance refers to the management of flow of money through an organization, i.e., it is concerned with managing flow of money into business and flow of money firm business.Finance department records classified and present information for manufacture and other activities of the firm. It makes an analysis of cost of manufacturing, marketing and administration and prorates the control report and other decision making data to all levels of management for the purpose of controlling and reducing art.Finance department suggest ways and means for reducing cost-relating to employees working in the firm and is concerned with maintenance of books of account and preparation of financial statement.

FUND MANAGEMENT Assessing the daily, requirement of cost and making arrangement for withdrawal of cash Transfer of funds to the bank account Budgeting.

PREPARATION OF BALANCE SHEET Preparation of bank reconciliation statement Passing adjusted journal entries Resistant disbursement statement trial balance preparation Preparation of budget, budgetary control etc. Co-ordination with statutory auditors Preparation of statements of received and payable

SOURCE OF FUNDS1. ShareIt is share in the capital of a company at the face value2. Government GrantGovernment provides various grants to various co-operative societies but now a day this grant amount is become less.3. Loan from NABARDNABARD provides various grants to the society to purchase yarn dye and other chemicals which are essential in the production process.4. Cash CreditThe society facilitated by cash credit by district co-operative bank with 11% interest.5. DepositsDeposits may at the discretion of board of Directors we received at any time from members and non members. Deposits from members shall be given performance to deposits from non members. Thrift deposits Fixed deposits Recurring deposits Home safe depositsa. Thrift depositsEvery weaver member shall so long as he continues to be member at the rate of 6 paise for every rupee of wage earned by him, when a members fund has amounted to Rs. 10/-, it shall be carried to his share capital account. When the share capital to the recurring deposits account for a period fixed by the members.

b. Fixed depositsA fixed deposit is the deposit of a fixed amount of money for a fixed period of time. No fixed deposit shall be received for a sum less than Rs. 5 or an exact multiple for a period less than 6 months.c. Recurring depositsA recurring deposits is a deposit by a person who undertaken to pay to the society every month a fixed amount of 1 rupee or a sub multiple there of a period 12, 24, 45, 84 or 132 months. Every recurring depositor shall pay this monthly deposit before the end of the calendar month to which it relates failing which he shall be charged a fire of 2 paisa per rupee per month or fraction there of a every rupee over due.d. Home safe depositsA home safe deposits made by a person who undertaken to deposits at this convenience in a home safe. Any amount that he can spare and pay the contents there of into the society every month for a period of 12 months. Amount paid to the credit of home safe deposit account by the fourth day of the month shall be calculated at the rate of the of paisa per rupee. The total amount together with the interest accrued will be payable to the deposition in the 13th month. No interest shall at any time be allowed on fractions of rupee. Every home safe depositor will be applied with a pass book free of charges and with a home safe and look at a cost of 6 ps.

SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING Chirakkal Weavers Co-operative society prepares various accounts they are:1) Journal2) Leger3) Cashbook4) Sundry debtors A/C5) Trail balance A/C6) Profit and loss A/C7) Balance sheet

3.6 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Board of directors

Secretary

Accountant officerAccountantSenior clerk

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

Human management is the management of work force or human resource in an organization. It is an integral or inherent part of management. It is concern with the managerial and operative functions, with a view to attaining the organization goals economically and effectively and meeting the individual and societal goals. Such management effectively described the process of planning, directing, development and utilization of human resources in an organization.Personnel management has been traditionally received as an inherent part of management which is concerned with the human resources of the organization. It is concerned with managing resources people at work.Human resources are the most valuable and unique resets of an organization. The successful management of organizations human resources is an exciting, dynamic and challenging task, especially at a time when the world has become a global village and economics are to a state of flex. The scarcity of talented resources and the growing expectation of the modern day workers have further increased the complexity of the human resource function.It covers all levels of personnel including blue colors workers as well as white collar workers. It is concerned with getting the best result with the collaboration of people the significance of personnel management has increased with the growth of industrial undertaken. This is a modern concept which involves a range of ideas and practices in managing people.The various aspects of personnel functions relates to procurement development compensation and moderation of the personnel. The personnel manager carries out the function of personnel department. It develops the sources of requirement select the people and helps in the line manager to place and adjusts them. Even though specific human resource functions are the responsibility of the human resource department, the actual management of human resource is the responsibility of all the managers in an organization. It is there for necessary.For all managers to understand and give due importance to the different human resources policies and activities in the organization. Like other department, personnel management can also be organized on a department is subdivided into small sections to deal with man power planning, recruitment, selection, training and development health and safety, compensation etc.Personnel management involves the activities which are related with the procurement and development of human resource towards the organizational goal. The main object of personnel department is effective utilization of human resources. It serves the integration of individuals and groups with the organization by reconnecting individuals or groups with those of an organization in such a manner that the employees feel the presence of involvement, commitment and loyalty towards it.If you want 10 days of happiness, grow grains. If you want 10 years of happiness, group a tree. If you want 100 years of happiness, grow people. According to National Institute of Personnel Management, personnel management simply talks of dealing with human relationship.According to Edwar.B.Flippo, personnel management is the planning organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and separation of human resources to the end that individual, organization and social objectives are accomplished.

3.7 FUNCTIONS OF HRM

Human Resource ManagementWorkers & motivation Workers maintenance Relationship between worker & employees Nature of HRM Workers and employee Remuneration

Thus it is clear that the scope of personnel management is very wide. It includes all activities which help the management in getting the work done by the labor force in the best possible manner. To accomplish the main objective of organization. The growth of the society resulted in to the growth of labor unions also.

OBJECTIVES Maintaining better human relations in the organization by the development, application and evaluation of policies and procedures Optimizing contribution and achieving integration of goals of the organization with those of individuals To attain desirable working relationship between employees and employers, employers and employees. Providing various services and welfare facilities to the personnel. To identify and satisfy the needs of individual by offering various monitoring and non- monitoring rewards. To achieve and maintain high morale among employees in the organization by serving better human relations.The personnel departments of Chirakkal weavers society have specially four objectives that is;1. Societal2. Organization3. Functional4. Personnel

PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT IN CHIRAKKAL WEAVERSPersonnel policies To carry at the main objectives which have been laid down as the desirable minimum of general employment policies To provide such conditions of employment and procedures will enable all the employees to develop a sincere sense of unity with the enterprises and carry out duties in efficient manner To product the common interest at all the organization To provide for the payment of fair and adequate wages and salary to workers so that their healthy cooperation may be ensured for an efficient working at the undertaking To provide security at employment to the uncertainties of future To provide medical facilities like reimbursement at medical expense To provide vacation with pay To give educational facilities to the workers children Sickness, death and majority benefits and allowances are given, Following matters are involved in the personnel policies 1) MANPOWER PLANNINGIn chirakkal weavers co-operative society manpower planning and policies are mainly classified into 3 categories a) Determination of manpower need i. Nature of workii. Qualificationiii. Training and selectionb) Recruitment and selectioni. To assign job to employees for which they appear least qualified on the basis of selection techniquesii. Employment of local peopleiii. Employment through hereditary 3.8 HUMAN RESOURCE COMPOSITION TYPENO

EMPLOYEES

SECRETARY1

MANAGER1

ACCOUNTANT1

SENIOR CLERK1

WEAVING MASTER3

DYEING MASTER1

YARN CUSTODIAN1

STORE KEEPER1

PACKER2

ATTENDER /PUNE1

TOTAL14

WEAVERS168

Recruitment and selectionThe process of identification of different sources of personnel department is known as recruitment. It precedes the process of selection of right candidates various position in the organization. In chirakkal weavers the members of board of directors are selected as per rule 35 of Kerala co-operation societies rule. The board of director shall elect president and secretary among themselves. Other managing personnels are appointed from the public service commission list. The weavers are also appointed directly by hereditary or by skill. Performance appraisalOnce the workers are selected trained and motivated than he is appraised. The workers are daily appraised. This well makes the management to get job according to requirement in chirakkal weavers the workers are apprised every morning and provided the necessary instruction for the work.

Timing shiftEmployees9.00 am -06.00 pm

Workers8.30 am 5.30 pm

Wage and salary administrationCompensation refers to a wide range of financial and non-financial rewards to the employees for their services rendered to the organization. It is paid in the form of wages salaries and employees benefits such as casual leave, insurance, maternity leave, and retirement benefits etc. 3.9 Remuneration StructureNature of jobRemuneration

SecretaryBasic pay, D.A, P.F, Bonus

AccountantBasic pay, D.A, P.F, bonus

WorkersWages (piece rate system of wages)P.F, Bonus, D.A, ESI

BOD, president, other, subordinatesHonorarium, sitting, allowances

Basic payRemuneration is paid in the form of salary and wages. The salary is paid to the exclusive according to the seniority and position held by rate system. If the workers create any defect in the products they produce, them they well have to bear the expense by accepting the defect product

Dearness AllowancesThis is given to the own employees as well as weavers registered with the co-operation. He companys D.A is calculated on 8.33% of the basic pay. D.A allowances very in case weavers according to the products they produce.Contributory provident fund Both the employer and employee contribute monthly to this fund. Employer contributes monthly to the fund. Employer contribution is 12% of basic salary of the employees and the equivalent amount is deducted from the salary of the employee. The employee gets PF after his retirement at the age of 58. It carries an interest of 8.33%.Bonus Bonus is paid as share of profit. Bonus is also given as a certain percentage of production. Here is given during festivals like Onam, Vishu, ramzan etc. for employeesEmployees State Insurance E.S.I scheme is funded by the contribution from employer and employee. The employers rate of contribution 4.74% of the total age bill and every employee contributes 1.75% of this wages.BENEFITS UNDER E.S.I SCHEME1. Sickness BenefitIn case of sickness the employees are provides with sickness benefit. On presence medical certificate reimbursement of expense is done2. Maternity Benefit Women employees on presentation of certificate a sum with maternity of Rs. 1000 should be produced.3. Disablement benefit A person suffering from disablement as a result of employment injury is entitled with periodical payment4. Dependents benefitDependents of an insured person who dies as a result of an employment injuring are entitled to compensation

5. Gratuity The society provides a payment of gratuity at the rate of 15days wages for each completed yarn of service.6. Canteen facilitiesThe society is having its our canteen. The canteen provides tea and means at subsidized rates for employers and employees PRESENT RATE TeaRs.3

MealsRs.6

Leave facilitiesThe employees are given 13 days paid holidays including public holidays3.10LIST OF HOLIDAYS FOR THE YEAR 20141Republic dayJanuary 26

2SivarathriFebruary 27

3VishuApril 14

4VishuApril 15

5VishuApril 16

6May dayMay 1

7Independence dayAugust 15

8OnamSeptember 6

9OnamSeptember 7

10OnamSeptember 8

11Gandhi jayanthiOctober 2

12Vijaya dasamiOctober 3

13DeepavaliOctober 22

Maternity leaveThe women employees availed with the maternity leave of 81 days along with maternity benefits ScholarshipsScholarships are provided with the children of weavers who pass out with excellent of marks. A sum of Rs.500 is provided to SSLC students, Rs.550 for higher secondary student and Rs.1000 for college students. The marriage benefits are also given to employees for their childrens marriage. Trade union Trade union is essential organization for the protection and promotion of the interests of their members in particulars and workers in general. Trade unions are associations of workers having some common objectives in the society Center of Indian Trade Union (CITU) affiliated to CPM is the main union. Trade unions increase the bargaining power of employees and help to preserve their rights and enable them to claim their share in profile Attendance cardWeavers are provided with attendance card which should be submitted in morning and afternoon wages are based on it.

4.1JOB TRAININGTraining is teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. Training has specific goals of improving one's capability, capacity, productivity and performance. It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology. After selecting the best candidates, it is necessary to impact training for them to make them fully for the job they are supposed to handle. Training is the process of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job. Every company must have a systematic training program for the growth and development of the employees.Training is an organized activity for increasing the knowledge and skill of the people for definite purpose. The trainees acquire technical knowledge, skills and problem solving ability by undergoing training programs. In chirakkal weavers on the job training is imported to the workers for 15-30 days. Training is mainly given request of the panchayat for 5-6 months along with stipend are in return facilities are provided by panchayat.

4.1TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Organizational goalsAssessments of training needsEstablishment of training goals Implementation of training programsEvaluation of results

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONTABLE SHOWING SEX RATIO OF THE TRAINING EMPLOYEESTABLE NO: 4 1GENDERNO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

MALE1040

FEMALE1560

TOTAL25100

Table no: 4.1 indicate that the majority of training employees, i.e., 60% are female. The remaining position constitute male. The above survey shows that the percentage of female trainees is more than the percentage of male trainees.Chart 1: chart showing sex ratio of trainees

TABLE SHOWING EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF TRAINEESTABLE NO: 4. 2CATEGORYNO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

BELOW 10TH220

SSLC1560

DEGREE28

DIPLOMA312

TOTAL25100

The table shows that among the sample taken (25) educational qualification of 5 trainees is below 10th only 2 of them have diploma. The remaining trainees passed 10th. It is clear that trainees are not elected according to their educational qualification.

Chart 2: Chart showing the educational qualification of trainees

TABLE SHOWING TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HANDLOOM OF TRAINEESTABLE N0:4. 3CATEGORYNO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

YES520

NO2080

TOTAL25100

Table No: 4.3 shows that the majority of trainees did not have technical knowledge about the handloom, i.e. 80% trainees do not have knowledge. The remaining 20% have the knowledge about handloom.

TABLE SHOWING THE LEVEL OF STIPEND SYSTEM OF TRAINEESTABLENO: 4.4CATEGORYNO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

YES25100

NO00

TOTAL25100

Table no: 4.4 shows 100% of trainees gets stipend along with training Chart 4: Chart showing the level of stipend system of trainees

TABLE SHOWING SATISFACTION OF TRAINEES REGARDING THE TRAININGTABLE NO: 4.5CATEGORYNO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

HIGHLY SATISFIED2080

SATISFIED416

DIS-SATISFIED14

TOTAL25100

Table no: 4.5 shows that the majority of trainees (80%) are highly satisfied regarding the training only 45 of the trainees are dis-satisfied where as remaining (4%) trainees are satisfied.

TABLE SHOWING THE HOW LONG THE EMPLOYEES HAVE BEEN WORKING IN THE ORGANIZATION

TABLE NO: 4.6CATEGORYNO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

LESS THAN312

1-5520

5-10936

ABOVE 10832

TOTAL25100

Table No:4.6 indicates that 36% employees are working for the past 5-10yeasr, 32% g employees are working for the past 10 year above and 12% and 20% of employees have1-5and5-10years work

TABLE SHOWING WHETHER THE TRAINING HELPS TO IMPROVE EMPLOYEE- EMPLOYER RELATIONSHIP

TABLE NO: 4.7RESPONSENO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

YES1560

NO1040

TOTAL25100

Table No: 4.7 show that 60% of employees trainees agree that the training helps to increase employee-employer relationship. 40% trainees have disagree and have no opinion about the employee-employer relationship

Chart 7. Chart showing the employee-employer relationship

TABLE SHOWING THE TRAINING HELPS TO INCREASE THE MOTIVATION LEVEL OF EMPLOYEES

TABLENO: 4. 8RESPONSENO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

YES2080

NO520

TOTAL25100

Table No: 4.8 shows that 80% of trainees are motivated by the training provided by the organization and 20% employees are not motivated by the training

Chart 8: chart showing the training helps to increase the motivation

TABLE SHOWING THE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR TRAINING THE EMPLOYEES

TABLE NO: 4.9RESPONSENO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

YES1872

NO728

TOTAL25100

Table No: 4.9 shows that 72% of trainees says that the organization use new and modern technology for training them and 28% of trainees disagree with it.Chart 9: chart showing the use new technology for the training the employees

TABLE SHOWING THE PRACTICE HELP THE EMPLOYEES IN IMPROVING THEIR CAREERTABLE NO: 4. 10

RESPONSENO OF TRAINEESPERCENTAGE (%)

YES2288

NO312

TOTAL25100

Table No: 4.10 show that 88% of employees say that their training helps in improving their career and 12% of employees says that the training doesnt help in improving their career.Chart 10: chart showing the improvement of career in trainees

CHAPTER 5FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS ANDCONCLUSION

5.1 FINDINGS The female weavers are seen mostly in this firm Stipend is provided for the trainees Trainees are satisfied with their training program Employees have high work experience Training helps in employees-employer relationship Trainings help to increase the motivation level Training program helps in improving the employees career

5.2 SUGGESTIONS Male weavers should be made attracted to the organization Modernization and up-gradation of technology should be innovated Measures are provided for attracting freshers to this field Provide some extra benefits to workers for their additional efforts Trainees are not elected according to their educational qualifications Majority of trainees did not have technical knowledge about the handloom

5.3 CONCLUSIONTaking the country as a whole the handloom sector has been receiving increasing attention from the government, industrialist and business this is reflected in the market performance in recent years. Indias handloom societies have come to occupy an important place in national and international market. Handloom societies have come a long way in terms of quality, value and share in total textile business.Handloom sector can play an important role in not only uplifting the poor village weavers but also for increasing the national income in the form of foreign exchange leanings, it is observed that chirakkal weavers co-operative society Ltd. is where the real potential lies.Taking into account the strength and weakness environment threats faced and the opportunities still available for chirakkal for the next seven years for sustaining its operations in a variable manner and fulfill its mandate of extending support to the looms registered with chirakkal weavers

APPENDIXQUESTIONNAIRE1. Name :2. Age:3. FEMALEMALE Sex:

4. DIPLOMADEGREE10TH PASSBELOW 10TH educational qualification:

5. Did you technically studied about Handloom?

NOYES

6. Do you get stipend along with training?

NOYES7. Are you satisfied with the job training provided in the organization

DIS- SATISFIED SATISFIED HIGHLY SATISFIED 8. For how long have you working for this organization?a) Less than 1 year b) 1-5 yearsc) 5-10 yearsd) more than 10 years 9. Does training helps to improve employee-employer relationship?a) Yes b) No10. Does training helps to increase the motivation level of employees?a) Yes b) No11. Whether the management is new technologies for training the employees?a) Yesb) No12. Does the training practice help the employees in improving their career?a) Yes b) No

BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Reports and published materials of the company2. Human resource management C.B Memorial3. Marketing Management Philip kotler 4. Financial Management I.M Panday5. Operations management ashwathappa6. Journals and websites www.chirtex.com BOOKSPhilip kotlav, marketing management WEBSITESwww.google.com www.yahoo.comwww.ask.comOTHERSOfficial document Direct personal interviews with official & workers