CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 1 What is MICE Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment What is Ionisation Cooling ? Cooling = Reduction of Beam.

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 1

What is MICEWhat is MICE

MMuon uon IIonisation onisation CCooling ooling EExperimentxperiment What is Ionisation Cooling ?What is Ionisation Cooling ?

Cooling = Reduction of Beam Emittance Energy Loss + Reacceleration = Reduction of

pT /pL

Limited Multiple Scattering Works better with light materiel (low Z)

Works only for low energy muons No Energy Loss by Radiation No Hadronic Interaction

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 2

Standard Cooling doesn’t work for Standard Cooling doesn’t work for muonsmuons

Stochastic and electron cooling are too slow

Never testedNever tested No doubt on the principle but practical challenges

Large RF Cavities in Strong Magnetic Field Liquid Hydrogen (Energy) Absorbers

Major source of uncertainty on the cost Major source of uncertainty on the cost and complexity of a Muon Storage Ringand complexity of a Muon Storage Ring

Better to PrototypeBetter to Prototype/study/study it it !!……

Why MICE is NeededWhy MICE is Needed

A factor 10 in intensity and 20% of the cost…A factor 10 in intensity and 20% of the cost…

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 3

Why a Muon Storage Why a Muon Storage RingRing

Possible future big projects for PPossible future big projects for P International Linear Collider Neutrino Factory Muon Collider …

There is interest for a NuFact in EuropeThere is interest for a NuFact in Europe RAL: Very positive sign : Approval ! + Call for a scoping study CERN (report from Scientific Policy Committee to council):“Future neutrino facilities offer great promise for fundamental

discoveries. CERN should join the world effort in developing technologies for new facilities : Beta beams, Neutrino Factory…wherever they are sited.”

“Focus now on enabling CERN to do the best choice by 2010 on future physics programme.”

ECFA recommended “a co-ordinated collaborative R&D effort to determine the feasibility and practical design of a neutrino factory based on a high energy muon storage ring” (already in Sept 2001).

EMCOG (European Muon Coordination and Oversight Group):“The issue of ionisation cooling is critical and this justifies the important

effort that the experiment [MICE] represents” (Feb 2003)

Require Muon Storage Require Muon Storage Ring Ring

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 4

Neutrino factory at Neutrino factory at CERNCERN

http://http://muonstoragerings.cern.chmuonstoragerings.cern.ch

- Neutrino Factory is considered the ultimate neutrino facility- Allows precision measurement of

- Sin2 13

- Mass hierarchy- leptonic CP violation

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 5

MICE collaborationMICE collaboration

Started in 2001Started in 2001 40 institutions, 8 countries, ~150 40 institutions, 8 countries, ~150

peoplepeople Main participantsMain participants

RAL and UK collaboration, FNAL and US Neutrino factory and Muon

Collider Collab. KEK, Osaka INFN Milano, Roma, Napoli Frascati, and.. DPNC Geneva, (and CERN)

MICE is approved at RAL (Oct 03)MICE is approved at RAL (Oct 03) UK funding released on March 05

MICE is a Recognised Experiment at MICE is a Recognised Experiment at CERN (RE11)CERN (RE11)

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 6

MICE SiteMICE Site MICE will be hosted at RAL using ISIS beamMICE will be hosted at RAL using ISIS beam

- 200 MeV/c muons- 600 muons / Spill- 1ms Spill duration- 1 Spill / second

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 7

Incoming muon beam

VariableDiffuser

Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3

RF cavities 1 RF cavities 2

Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out

Spectrometer solenoid 1

Spectrometer solenoid 2

Beam PIDTOF 0

CherenkovTOF 1

Downstreamparticle ID:

TOF 2 Cherenkov

Calorimeter

MICE concept:MICE concept:Beam Diagnostic using particle per Beam Diagnostic using particle per

particle trackingparticle tracking

Matching coils 1&2

Focus coils 1

Coupling Coils 1&2

Focus coils 2Matching coils 1&2

Focus coils 3

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 8

MICE SummaryMICE Summary

200MHz RF cavity with beryllium windowsLiquid-hydrogen

absorbersScintillating-fiber tracker

Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Status: Approved at RAL(UK)First beam: 04-2007

Funded in: UK,CH,JP,NL,USRequests: CH,It,JP,US

Single-beam ~200 MeV/c

4T spectrometer I

4T spectrometer II

TOF

Cooling cell (~10%)=5-45cm, liquid H2, RF

Final PID:TOFCherenkovCalorimeter

Aims: - Engineer and run a section of cooling channel- Measure emittance with 0.1 % accuracy

Main challenges:- RF in magnetic field!- Safety issues

Some prototyping:

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 9

MICE PlanMICE Plan

- STEP I: April 2007

STEP II: October 2007

STEP III: 2008

STEP IV: 2008

STEP V2008?

STEP VI 2009?2009?

PHASE I- Understand systematics- Check optical match

PHASE II

Test ionization cooling

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 10

Geneva in MICEGeneva in MICE

Management (Alain Blondel)Management (Alain Blondel) AB is Spokesperson

FundingFunding Trigger and Data Acquisition R&D for a tracker upgrade

TPC with GEM readout Request for a Swiss coupling coil being

submitted(contact: Bruker Biospin Faellanden-CH)

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 11

Coupling CoilsCoupling Coils

If MICE is delayed, the neutrino factory might miss the next take off…

Currently, the coupling coils Currently, the coupling coils would be funded by the US…in would be funded by the US…in 2011! 2011!

MICE results would be *very* MICE results would be *very* late… late…

Fact

EURO P

2010…

A STRATEGIC contribution!A STRATEGIC contribution!

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 12

Geneva in MICE (1)Geneva in MICE (1) RF Background Simulation (Rikard Sandstrom)RF Background Simulation (Rikard Sandstrom)

High-gradient Cu RF cavities in high magnetic field !

Field emission of electrons (dark current)-> Magnetic field focuses dark currents and lowers onset of breakdown-> Electrons produce X-ray by Bremsstrahlung, and produce breakdowns-> X-rays convert into the detectors

Direct measurement + Simulation => Tracker validation tests of 200 MHz cavity about to begin in FermiLab. Coupling coil will be necessary to test cavity with realistic

magnetic field!

Operation of Operation of

RF cavities in RF cavities in

Mag. Field is the Mag. Field is the

hardest challengehardest challenge

of MICE!of MICE!

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 13

Geneva in MICE (2)Geneva in MICE (2)

PID Simulation (Rikard Sandtrom)PID Simulation (Rikard Sandtrom)- Muons decay in flight-> positrons- Cause systematics error on the emittance measurement-Bias must remain below 10-3 - PID detectors used in

Neural Network-> weight for “muonness”

+ study role of time measurements in determination of 6D emittances+ study role of time measurements in determination of 6D emittances

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 14

Geneva in MICE (3)Geneva in MICE (3)

DAQ DAQ 600 muons per 1 ms Spill, repeated at 1 Hz All the tracking and PID data have to be buffered

in the FEE and read out at the end of the spill About 20 MB / Spill (20 GB / Run)

=>=> Architecture based on HARP experienceArchitecture based on HARP experience

Control and MonitoringControl and Monitoring Detector + Beam Line + Cooling Channel

Several 100 of parameters Should react at the spill rate (> 1Hz)

CHIPP Sept 2005 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 15

ConclusionConclusion

MICE: Muon Ionisation Cooling R&DMICE: Muon Ionisation Cooling R&D Precision emittance measurement (0.1 %)

Needed for Needed for high lumi. high lumi. Muon Storage Muon Storage Ring Ring

-> Neutrino Factory Recognised and FundedRecognised and Funded

Sited at RAL Should give results before 2010Should give results before 2010

-> big decisions for post LHC era Geneva is deeply involvedGeneva is deeply involved

Simulation: RF background, PID DAQ