ChineseGrammar PART VII

30 Talking about the present

[n complete Mandarin sentences describe what 王明 Wáng Míng is doing at each of the times indicated below. Use the time expressions provided in your sentences. Translate your sentences into English.

Example: today -买东西 → 王明今天买东西。贸束西 王明今天目柬菌。

m说 dõngxi Wán g Míng jïntiãn m垣i dδngxi. Wang Ming is shopping today.

a. this year -学中文/绍中文 xu岳 Zhδng\崎n

b. this month -放假 fàng jià c. this week -在意大利旅行 zài Yìdàlì IÕxíng d. now- 跟朋友吃饭/跟朋友吃饭 gën péngyou chï fàn e. presently- 洗澡 xl zão

。 130.1What are the following people doing now? Describe their activities in complete Mandarin sentences using 在 zài or IE在 zhèngzài.

Example: 高宙 Gão Lei - sleeping • 高岱在睡觉。日峦在睡货。

Gão Lê i zài shuì jiào.

a. 王明 Wáng Míng - watching television b. 周丰IJ Zhδu Lì - singing c. 林伟学/林德华 Lín Weixué - playing baU d. 唐玫玲 Táng Méilíng - writing a letter

。 130.2Translate the following into English.

a . 门外头站着一个人。内外政站着一伺人。

Mén wàitou zhànzhe yî g告 rén.

b. 桌子上放军j很多书。

桌子上放著很多宵。

Zhuδzi shàng fàngzhe hen duõ shü.

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

c. 孩子在床上躺糙。孩子在床上躺著。

Háizi zài chuángshàng tãngzhe_ d_ 医院里等着很多病人 。

瞥院离等著:很多病人 。

Yîyuàn lT déngzhe hén duδbìngrén.

e. 教室里坐若很多学生。教室襄坐着很多事生。

]iàoshì li zuòzhe hen duõ xuésheng.

~ 130.6

Translate the following sentences into Mandarin to describe 王明 Wáng Míng's activities and to indicate that he intends to continue doing each one.

a. Wang Ming has already eaten thirty dumplings. r饺子/股子 jiãoz.il

b_ Wang Ming has already walked five rniles. c. Wang Ming has already studied one hundred Chinese characters. d. Wang Ming has already sung three songs e. Wang Ming has already slept for ten hours

。 I 30.7

You are a Chinese student writing to a university abroad to apply for admission to their doctoral program in economics. You have writtel1l the first draft in Chinesc. Translatc it into English

a. 我是大学四年级的学生。我是大结四年级的华生。

Wð shì dàxué sì niánjí de xuésheng.

b. 我现在在写毕业论文 ' 是有关现代中国经济环境的。我现在在1.J;娼棠揄文 ， 是有翩现代中圄缀满琅珑的。

Wð xiànzài zài xie bì yè lùnwén, shì yðuguãn xiàndài Zhõnggu6 jïngjì huánjìng de.

c 我在申请读贵校的经济学系的研究生。我在申请前i't校的经清络系的研究生。Wõ zài shënqing dú guì xiào de jîngjìxué xì de yánjiüshëng.

d. 我对经济特别感兴趣 ， 希望能读博士学位。

我到忽~iì哥特别感舆趣 ， 希望能翻博士粤位。

Wõ duì jïngjì t告bié gán xìngqu, xïwàng n是ng dú bóshì xuéwèi.

e. 目前我正在为我的论文做市场调查。

目前我芷在主骂我的揄文做市塌翻查。Mùqián wð zhèngzài wéi wð de lùnw是n zuò shìcháng diàochá.

t 同时我还在准备托福考试。

同峙我埋在华偏远福考棋。

Túng~hí w心 hái lài zhunu告i tuüfú kiíωhì. [说福 tuüfú lIu: Te:>L u( English (1:>

a Foreign Language]

Talking about the pr.esent

g. 其他成功申tE者蛮具备哪些条件悄告知。其他成功申商者赞具偏哪些陈{牛茹告知。

Qítã chénggδng shënqing zh是 biàn jùb告i nã xië t iáojiàn qing gàozhï.

h. 另外 ， 有关外国学生的经济资助等事宜亦请告知。

另外 ， 有翩外国织生的短曹雪资助等事直亦葫告知。

Lìngwài, yõu 思Jãn wàiguó xu岳sheng de jïngjì zïzhù d是ng shìyí yì q 'íng gàozhï.

。 19.2， 30

31 Talking about habitual actions

Rewrite the Mandarin sentences, adding the adverb that is provided in parentheses after each English translation.

Example: 她在那个饭馆吃饭。 → 她平常在那个饭馆吃饭。她在那{固自皮筋吃簸。 她平常在那倒版自自吃饭。T孟 zài nàge fàngu单n T画 píngcháng zài nàge fàngt必nchï íàn. chï fàn. Sl7e eats at that restallrant (often).

a. 我阜上跑步。WÓ zãoshang pão bù. 1 jog in tl7e moming. (often)

b. 他们吃中国饭。他刑吃中国馁。

Tãmen chï Zhδngguó fàn. Tl7ey eat Chinese f<∞d. (often)

C. 我七点钟吃晚饭。

我七黯簸吃晚版。

Wõ qïdian zhδng chï wanfàn. 1 eat dinner at 7 p.m. (usually)

d. 我们去法国旅行。我刑去法圄旅行。

Wómen qù Fáguó l {ixíng. In the past we used to go ω France for vαcation. (always)

e. 我早上喝咖l哧。

WÕ záoshang hë kãfëi. 1 drink coffee in tl7e moming. (always)

f. 我们下班以后打网球。

我恫下班以後打;在l球。

Wδmen xià bãn yihòu dã wãngqiú. We pJay tennis after work. (often)

g. 你在那个饭馆吃饭吗?你在那恫饭馆吃饭嚼?

Ní zài nàge fànguãn chî fàn ma? Do you eat at that restallrant? (freqllentJy)

Talking about habitual actions

h. 我看那个电视节目。我看那伺电视筋目。

Wó kàn nàge diànshì jiémù. 1 watch that televisiol1 program. (regularly)

i. 我晚上遛狗。W õ wãnshang liù gõu. 1 walk my dog at nigl1t. (always)

j. 我看电影。我看电影。

Wõ kàn diàny'íng. 1 see a movie. (evety week).

c:> I 3 1.3

You are writing to your Chinese pen pal in Mandarin, telling her about your typical activities.

a . Say that excep t for the weekends, you go to class every day. b. Tell her that you begin class at 8:30 a.m. every day. c. Say that you usually get out of class at 4, but on Fridays you get out of

class at 1.

d. Say that yOll work in a hospital every Friday afternoon e. Tell her that when the weather is nice, yOll llsually take a walk in the park

on Saturday afternoon. L Say lhal yOll always go lo see a movie wilh your friends on Salurday niglll. g. Say that you used to always eat at a restaurant on Sunday with your family. h. Tell her that yOll often stay in the dormitory on Sunday and do homework

c:> I 31.1, 33.3

32 Talking about the future

Rewrite these sentences, putting the Mandarin time words in the appropriate location in the sentence. Translate your completed sentences into English.

Example: 我们打球。 (明天) → 我们明天打球。我例打球。 (明天) 我何明天打球。Wi.生men dã qiú. (míngtian) Wõmen míngtian d孟 qiú.

a. 你要去哪儿跳舞? (今天)你要去哪月跳舞? (今天)Nl yào qù nãr tiào wií? (jïntian.)

b. 他一定会有很多钱。 (将来)

他一定舍有很多簸。 (将来)Tã yïdìng huì yöu hen duδqián. (j iãnglái)

c. 我ii'H尔去看电影。 (明矢晚上)我tJ'ff尔去看电影。 (明天晚上)

讥/e are playing ball tomorrow.

Wδqing ni q臼 kàn diànying. (míngtiãn wãnshang)

d. 谁去中国学习? (明年)

言fE去中国华理? (明年)Shéi qù Zhδngguó xuéxí? (míngnián)

e. 我们放假。 (下个星期)我1J"j放假。 (下倔里期)

Wðmen fàng jià. (xià g色 xïngqï)

f. 我们打算去意大利旅行。 (下个月)

我1J"j打算去15大利旅行。 (下倔月)

Wömen dãsuaηqù Yìdàlì luxín.g. (xià g告归告)

g. 天气预报说会下雪。 (后天)夫氯预制甜食下嚣。 (後夫)

Tiãnqì yùbào shuδhuì xià xue. (hòutiãn)

h. 我想给奶奶打电话。 (明天旱上)

我想给奶奶打电摇。 (明天早上)

Wö xiãng g色i nãinai dá diànhuà. (mingtiãn záoshang)

。 I 32.1

Talking about the future

Complete these sentences with the Mandarin words or phrases that best express the English translations.

a . 我 一一一一 结婚了。我一一一一一结婚了。Wõ 一一一一_ jiéhûn le. 1 wiJJ get married 500n.

b. i~Jf尔明天一一一一一来。精价1明夫 一一一一一 束。Qíng ní míngtiãn lái.

Please come again tomorrow.

c 明天 一一一一下雨。明天一一一一一下雨。Míngtiãn 一一一一_xià yií . lt may rain tomorrow.

d. 他今天一一一一一不来上课了。他今天 不来上操了。

Tã jîntiãn 一一一一一一_ bù lái shàngk告 le.He probably won't come ω c1ass ωday.

e. 你一一一一一 跟他结婚吗?你一一一一一跟他结婚鸭?Nr 一一一一_ gën tã jiéhûn ma? Are you willing to marry him?

f. 1:尔一一一-一将来住在哪儿?你一一一一一将来住在哪见?Nr一一一一一_ jiãnglái zhù zài nàr? Where do yOll plan to Iive in the flltllre?

g. 我 一一-一一一 早一点下谍。我一一一一一 早一贴下辣。Wõ zào yî diàn xià kè. 1 am thinking about leaving c1ass a Iittle early.

h. 我不要 一一一一一看那个电影了。我不要一一一一一君那俩每影了。WÕ bù yào kàn nàge diànyrng le. 1 don't want to see that movie again.

。 I 32.2, 32.3, 32.4

王明 Wáng Míng has made a list of things that he has to do. Rewrite the list in complete Mandarin sentences.

Example: this morning: • 我今天早上要给我的女朋友打电话。call girlfriend 我今天早丰要给我的女朋友打谊言击。

W心jIntiãn zaoshang yàυ 肘i wò ù e nÜ p én gyou dã diànhuà.

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

a. this afternoon: borrow money from roommate b. tomorrow morning: buy girlfriend a birthday present c. the day after tomorrow: make reservation at rest aurant d. next week: return money to roommate e. next Tuesday: borrow money from roommate again f. next month: d!efin.itely look for a job

。 I 32.1, 32.2

33 Indicating completion and talking about the past

Describe my older brother's dinnel party in complete sentences in Mandarin. Pay attention to the position of time and location phrases in your sentences.

a. My older brot her bought a house last month. b. Last week he invited some friends to his house to eat dinner. c. He cooked fìve dishes d. He also made a soup. e. His friends gave him a bottle of wine. [送 .. . 一瓶酒 sòng. . . yïpíng ji总]f. They ate the food and drank the wine.

。 133.1Describe the sequence of events at the dinner party in complete Mandarin sentences using 了 le， 以后/以後 yihòu， and 就 jiù.

Example: After my brother → 我哥哥下了班以后就回家了。got out of work, 我哥哥下了班以後就回家了。

he went home. W凸 gëge xià le bän yIhòu jiù huí ji画 le.

a. After the guests arrived, my oLder brother invited them to drink tea. b. After they drank tea, my older brother invited them to eat dinner. c. After they ate, they all sang some songs. d. After they sang, they went home. e. After they left, my older brother began to wash the dishes.

[洗 xI wash， 盘子/篮子 pán zi dishes] f. After he washed the dishes he went to sleep.

r:::> 1 33.2, 38.2

王明 Wáng Míng is getting ready for the new semester. Here is a list of things he has done and things that he has not yet done. Translate the list into Mandarin in complete sentences.

Example: Done → 王明已经买电脑了。bought a computer 王明巳怨自电脑了。

Wáng Míng yijing m且.i diànnäo le. Not yet done → 王明还没看他的朋友。see his friends 王明建泼看他的朋友。

Wáng Míng hái méi kàn tä de péngyou.

SITUATIONS A ND FUNCTIONS

Done

a. select classes r选谍/建E裸 xuan k剖

b . buy notebooks

c. pay tuition r付学费/付华Y'1fù xuéfèi]

。 133.1， 33.3

Not yet done

d. buy textbooks e. review Chinese characters

[复习议字/徨曾漠字 fùxí Hàn zì] f. 自nd classrooms [找教室

zhão jiàoshì]

王明 Wáng Míng's mother asks him whether he has done the following. Translate her questions into Chinese.

a. Have you cleaned your room? [收拾屋子 shôush í wûzij b . Have you done your homework叫做作业/做作棠 zuò zu句句

c. Have you finished your essay? [写作文/需作文 泊在Zllòwén]

d . Have you looked for a job? [找工作 zhao gôngzuòj e. Have you selected your classes? f. Have you bought your textbooks?

。 133.4Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, adding 又 yòu to indicate that the action happened again in the past. Translate your sentences into English.

Example: 我们昨天考试了。 → 我们昨天又考试了。我例昨天考试了。 我俨H作夫又考拭了。Wõm en zuótiãn k函。 shì le.

讥re took a test yesterday.

a. 我父母去了日本。Wõ fùmu qù le Rìben. My parents went ω Japan.

b. 你出了错误。

你出了描恕。

Ní chli le cuòwù. YOII made a misωke.

c 我给了他二十块钱。

我给了他二十魄线。

Wõg吕i le tã èrshí kuài qián. 1 gave him $20.

d. 我跟朋友看了那个电影。我跟朋友看了邦Ilí团审彰。

Wδgën péngyou kàn le nàge d!iànylng. 1 saw a movie with friends.

e. 我打篮球了。我打篮球了。

WÕ dã lánqi白 lc.

1 played basketball.

Wõm en zuótiãn yδu k ão shì le. We took a test again yesterday.

I ndicating ∞mpletion and talking about. the past

f. 我给她打电话了。我给她打古话了。

Wõ gei tã dã diànhuà le.

1 gave her a phonecall. (1 called her on the plzone.)

。 133.5Using the cues in parentheses, answer the followin,g questions in complete Mandarin sentences.

Example: 你吃过中国饭没有? (1时 → 我没吃过中国饭。你吃泊中圆饭泼有? 我泼吃诅中国饭。Ni chïguò Zhδng伊ó Wõ m éi chï伊。 Zhδngguó fàn. fàn méi yõu?

a . 你有没有看过中国电影? (yes)

你有泼有看遍中国电影?

NIyδu méi yõu kànguo Zhöngguó diànying? b. 你今年检查过身体吗? (no)

你今年梭查通身皑鸭?NT jînnián jiànchá伊o shën tT ma? [检查身体/横蛮身髓 jiàncháshentI have a physical exam]

c. 1:尔英文学过多久? (two years) 你英文结遇多久?

NI Yïn驴N'én xuéguo duδjiU? d. 我没吃过这个束。你昵? (nev叫我波吃边远倒菜。你昵?

WÕ méi chlguo zhège cài. NI ne? e. 你看过这本书吗? (no)

你看边渲本普喃?

NI kànguò zh告 ben shü ma? f. 1:尔学过经济学吗? [经济学/t.fé裤华 jîngjì xué economics] (yes)

你等fì晶短潜华喃?NI xuéguò jîngjìxué ma?

g. 你U~过卡拉OK吗? r卡拉 OK k远lã OK karaðkè] (not yèt) 你11，吕泊卡拉OKO)思?

NI chàngguo kãlã OK ma? h. 你吃过日本饭吗? (yes)

你吃边日本饭嘀?

NI chîguò Rìben fàn ma?

。 133.6Fill in the blanks, using either 过/~ guo， 了 le， or过了/姻了 很10 le as appropriate

a. 我妹妹跟她朋友去一一一一一中国。我妹妹跟她朋友去 一一一一一 中国。WÕ mèimei gën tã p己ngyou qù 一一一一一_Zhδngguó.

My younger sister and her 斤iend went ω China.

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

b. 我从来没去一一一一一 日本 ， 可是我哥哥在那儿住一一一一一两年。我徙来没去一一一一一 日本 ， 可是我哥哥在那兜住一一一一一 两年。Wõ cónglái méi qù Rìben, keshì wõ gege zài nàr zh ù 一一一-一_ Iiáng nián.

1 have never been ω lapan， but my older brother lived there (or仰o years.

c 你有没有吃一一一一泰国饭?你有泼有吃一一一一一泰国饭?N'í yõu m是i yõu chï Tàiguó fàn? Have you eaten Thai (ood be(ore?

d. 我们老师给我们介绍一一一一一以后就是好朋友一一一一一。我州老仰给我例介绍一一一一一 以後就是好朋友 一一一一一 。Wómen lãoshI g是i wómen j i èshà。 一一一一一 yrhòu jiù shì hão P岳ngyou

After our teacher introduced us we became good (riends.

e. 我们以前都没有见 一一一一一这个人 。我恫以前者~设有见 一一一一一垣倒人 。Wõmen yiqián dδu méi yõu jiàn 一一一一_ zhège rén. None of us have ever met 仇is person before.

。 I 33.1, 33.3, 33.6, 33.7

Translate the following sentences in to Mandarin using adverbs to indicate past time.

a. He was my boyfriend. b. I used to d rink coffee every morning. c. When 1 was young 1 Iiked to talk a lot. d. Gasoline was 19 cents a gaUon in 1962. r加命 jiãlún gallonj e. This used to be a park. f. Previous!y, 1 was not interested in China.

。 133.8Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin , adding 是 shì . . . 的 de to foclls on the unùerlilleù ùetailυf each p挡st event.

Example: 我主主蛊长大。 • 手凡是在上海长大的。我在上海果大。 我是在上海畏大的。

w。且应h坦ghãi zhã ngdà. Wõ shì zài Shàngh运i

zhã ngdà de. 1 gr，仰 up 坠主坦旦坦L

a. 他们一九七零年结婚。他刑一九七零年结婚。Tãmen vI iiù α1 líng nián jiéhün. They got married泣l2.Z豆.

Indicating ∞mpletion and talking about. the past

b. 我们在中国认识。我例在中国韶截。

Wõmen zài Zhδn..l!:ln.!Ó rèn s h i.

Wemet单车趾旦豆.

c. 弟弟一九九八年半业 。

弟弟一九九八年罪棠。

Dìdi yï jiÚ jiÜ bã nián bìyè.

YOllnger brother graduated 且.12:2豆-

d. 这{牛毛夜我父母给我实。m件毛夜我父母给我自。

Zhè jiàn máoyï 旦豆 fù且豆肘iw凸 mãi.

This sweater was bought for me bv my parents.

e. 那本书王老师写。另11本t!f王老仰霜。

Nà ben shû Wán l!: lãoshï xie.

That book was written bv Professor Wa/1.~.

f . 这本字典在书店买。

m本字典主主阜贯。

Zhè ben zìdiãn 且ishüd坠旦 m昌i.

This dictionary was purchased at the library.

c:> I 33.9

34 Talking about change, new situations, and changing situations

王小妹 Wáng Xiãomèi is training to run a malathon. Her coach is giving her a pep talk. Put the phrases in each of these sentences in the correct order to fìnd out what he says. The English translations are provided.

a. 1:尔越越认J~:来。

你越越恕J'.i来。

nI yu是 yu告 rènzhën lái.

YOII have become seriolls. b. 你的身体强壮越来越。

你的身髓强泪:越来越。

nI de sh岳nti qíángzhuàng yuè lái yuè. You arege位ing stronger and strol1ger.

c. 越你的技巧来越好。

越你的技巧来越好。

yuè ni de jìqiäo lái yu色 hão.

Your technique is getting better and better. d. 快上也挠的日子了要到。

快地费的日子了要到。

kuài br sài de rì zi le yào dào. The day of the race is coming up 500n.

e. 1:尔f~炮三个小时每天。

你得跑三俩小畸每天。

nI d是i pão sãn gè xiãoshí meitiãn. You must begin running three hours every day.

f. 你越跑越快跑得。你越跑越快跑得。

ni yu是 p远o yu告 kuài P且o de. The more yOtl flIn the faster yOtl will get.

。 134.3