Chinese Education Power Point

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Chinese Higher Education

An Increasing Access to Higher Education inChina

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What are your preconceived

notions concerning highereducation in China?

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Early Higher Education

• 1895: establishment of China’s first moderninstitution--Peiyang University, becameTianjin University in 1951

• 1896 to 1949: Chinese higher educationsystem based on Western university model

• 1949: after formation of People’s Republic of

China, China took up Soviet model• Under Soviet model, universities were

converted from comprehensive schools tosingle-disciplinary institutions which offered

more majors within a specific discipline

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Reforms in Higher Education

in China• China returned to comprehensive university

system in 1990s

• China has begun merging colleges anduniversities to create larger, morecomprehensive institutions

• Largest merger is Zhejiang University which

combined Zhejiang Agricultural, ZhejiangMedical, and Hangzhou Universities

• 1996-2000: 387 colleges and universitiesmerged into 212

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Zhejiang University

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Reforms continued 

• Economic prosperity in 1980s led to large-scale highereducation reforms

• China received funding from UNESCO (United NationsEducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)

• 1998: Chinese government selected ten universities to become“world-class”; includes Peking and Tsinghua Universities

• Toward this end, in 1998 the Chinese government decided toincrease funding for higher education by 1% each year for fiveyears following 1998

• 2001: reforms allow students 25 and older and students who aremarried take the entrance exam; these students were previouslyineligible

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More Reforms

• Other specific reforms include developing private institutions,adjusting governance of universities, instating a tuition, andeliminating guaranteed job placement

• 2001: Ministry of Education approved 89 private institutions toaward degrees

• “Two-level education provision system”: central governmentshares governing of universities with local governments(provincial bureaus)

• Universities are now led by presidents who are elected• 2002: in Beijing, tuition and fees ranged from 4,200 to 6,000

yuan ($525-$750) per year

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National College Entrance Examination

• Due to China’s enormous population, students must stillcompete to receive higher education

• NCEE reinstated in 1977 after being abolished during CulturalRevolution; celebrated by the Chinese people

• Provides basis for career placement

• 2003: 20 universities allowed to evaluate students by their ownstandards; capped at 5% of student body

• 2009: 78 universities given autonomy in selecting students; capincreased to 10% for some schools

• Autonomous enrollment consists of written test and interview;allows students to apply at several colleges simultaneously

• NCEE purported to be far easier now than 20 years ago

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NCEE

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Results of Reforms

• In 2008, 52% of Chinese university candidates couldbe accepted while in 1981 only 2.4% could

• Total enrollment in colleges and universities

increased from 6.43 million in 1998 to 12.14 million in2001

• A good education is a top priority for Chinesefamilies; with these reforms higher education isbecoming available to more and different people

• As of 2005, China has entered the stage of populareducation with a gross enrollment in higher educationof 21%

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International Outlook

• Currently around 200,000 internationalstudents studying in China

• Many international professors• China sends more students to study abroad

than any other nation

• Around 50,000 Chinese students studying in

United States which makes up ten percent ofinternational students

• As of 2007, China became the sixth largesthost nation to foreign students

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Realities of Chinese Higher Education

• Universities’ and colleges’ campuses have grown and becomemore comfortable and attractive

• Campuses include dormitories and dining halls

• Students often live in a dorm rooms that house three students• Classes take place any time between 8AM and 10PM; students

take as many as 7 or 8 classes per semester

• Chinese institutions have become more technological; studentscan access grades online, explore rankings, and take online

classes

• Students now have weekends off and have time to participate insports and clubs

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Peking University

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Sources

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_in_Chin

• From the Imperial Examination to the National Collge Entrance Examination by Yuan Feng

• http://english.cri

.cn/7146/2009/01/29/1901s448416.htm

• Chinese Education Enters a New Era by Xin-RanDuan

• http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/Br

ief/192131.htm