Chinanotespowerpoint ap

Imperialism in ChinaSmithtown High School West

A shocked mandarin in Manchu robe in the back, with Queen Victoria (UK), Wilhelm II (Germany), Nicholas II (Russia), Marianne (France), and a samurai (Japan) stabbing into a plate with Chine ("China" in French) written on it.

DO NOW:

“Our dynasty's majestic virtue has penetrated unto every country under Heaven, and Kings of all nations have offered their costly tribute by land and sea. As your Ambassador can

see for himself, we possess all things. I set no value on objects strange or ingenious, and have no use for your

country's manufactures.” - 1793, Qianlong to King George III

QUESTIONS:1. According to this quote, what was the reaction of the Chinese to possible increased trade with Britain?

2. What was the attitude of the Chinese towards foreigners in the early 1800s?

Questions:

1. What does Britain want from China?

2. What does Lord McCartney refuse to do in China?

3. In your own words, summarize what Qianlong’s scroll stated.

I. In the early 1800s, China had little interest in trading with Western nations.

A. Led by the Qing, or Manchu DynastyB. China was _________________________________________________

a. ___________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________

C. Ethnocentric - ______________________________________________

self-sufficienthealthy agricultural economyextensive mining and manufacturing industriesproduced silks, cottons, and fine porcelain

the belief that one's own group/culture is superior

II. The only place China allowed foreigners to do business was the port of Guangzhou

A. British imported millions of pounds of _______ each year from ChinaB. Britain exported goods worth much lessC. British smuggled ___________ into China for non-medical useD. Qing Emperor sent a letter to Queen Victoria about the ________ problem.

tea

opiumopium

TASK: Imagine you are the emperor of China. Write a letter to Queen Victoria of England. In your letter, explain the opium problem and also include what you would like her to do about the issue.

Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria... Even though the barbarians may not necessarily intend to do us harm, yet in coveting profit to an extreme, they have no regard for injuring others… I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries -- how much less to China!

…We have heard heretofore that your honorable ruler is kind and benevolent. Naturally you would not wish to give unto others what you yourself do not want. …Now after this communication has been dispatched and you have clearly understood the strictness of the prohibitory laws of the Celestial Court, certainly you will not let your subjects dare again to violate the law.

… He who sells opium shall receive the death penalty and he who smokes it also get the death penalty. Now consider this: if the barbarians do not bring opium, then how can the Chinese people resell it, and how can they smoke it? …Therefore in the new regulations, in regard to those barbarians who bring opium to China, the penalty is fixed at decapitation or strangulation. This is what is called getting rid a harmful thing on behalf of mankind.

After receiving this dispatch will you immediately give us a prompt reply regarding the details and circumstances of your cutting off the opium traffic. Be sure not to put this off. The above is what has to be communicated.

Britain’s Response to the Letter

E. Britain _______________did not respond

Predict: What do you think will happen next?

DO NOW:

1. Identify which ship(s) belong to the British, and which belong to the Chinese.

2. Which ships do you think would be victorious in battle? Why?

A. B.

III. Opium War (1839)

A. Battle took place mostly at seaB. China’s outdated ships versus Britain’s steam-powered strong navyC. China loses and signs _______________ in 1842D. ________________:

1. _______________________________________________2. ________________ given to U.S. and other foreign

citizens in 1844 (meaning foreign residents are excused from the laws of a country)

3. Opium trade continued

Treaty of Nanjing

Ceded the island of Hong Kong to the BritishTreaty of Nanjing

Extraterritorial rights

Questions:

1. What was handed over to Western control?

2. The clip states that the “emperors were powerless to stop” the opium trade. Why?

IV. Internal Problems

A. Population in China was rising faster than ___________________B. Chinese government was corruptC. Opium addiction was rising steadily

agricultural production

The population had grown to 430 million by 1850 – a 30% gain in only 60 years.

V. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1862) (Taiping means “great peace”)

A. Led by ____________________________B. Influenced by________________________C. He wanted an end to povertyD. Organized an army of peasants from southern China (1 million strong by 1853)E. 1853 - captured the city of ________ and declared it his capitalF. The Qing regain control in 1864

Results: 1. ________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________

Hong Xiuquan

over 20 million lives were lost

Christian missionaries

Nanjing

much fertile farmland was destroyed

VI. Rule of Dowager Empress CixiA. Rules China from 1861-1908B. Committed to traditional Chinese values

Video Clip

VII. Other Nations Step In To China

A. China had weak military technology and both economic and political problems

B. Many European powers and Japan gain _________________ in China (A region in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment)

C. In 1899 the United States declares the__________________ (Policy proposed that China’s door be open to merchants of all nations)

spheres of influence

Open Door Policy

Questions:

1. What did the secret society, known as the “Fists of Righteous Harmony” want to do?

2. What do you believe was the main motivation of the foreign troops for putting down the rebellion?

VIII. Boxer Rebellion (1900)

A. Secret society formed called the ________________________- resented special privileges granted to foreigners and Chinese Christians

B. Surrounded European section of Beijing shouting ____________________

C. Defeated by soldiers from Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, and U.S.

Results: 1. Boxer Protocol was signed in 1901 (China to pay reparations)2. Nationalism increased in China3. Realization that reforms were needed in order to survive

Society of Harmonious Fists

“Death to the foreign devils”

VIII. Boxer Rebellion (1900)

SERPENTINE SENTENCE

Directions: A key word or phrase will be stated by the teacher. If you are called on,

you must add one word to work toward creating a sentence that is a complete

thought.