2 MAR | Re | 08/00 | 1 1 1CM2-Sl CMU200 Application Training, June – 2006 CMU200 Application WCDMA
2 MAR | Re |08/00 |
1 11CM2-Sl CMU200 Application Training, June – 2006
CMU200 Application WCDMA
1CM2-Sl 2
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
1CM2-Sl 3
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Resources
Physical resources� Time� Necessary dynamic to transmit data.� Bandwidth of one channel
Use these resources as efficient as possible to allow as much user as possible!
10
7
4
1
11
8
5
2
12
9
6
3
Bandwidth
Dynamic
Time ⇒
1CM2-Sl 4
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Multiplex Access
F D M A
Frequency
T D M A
Time
C D M A010111010101011101010101110101 01011101010101110101
Algorithms
1CM2-Sl 5
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Neighbour Cells
22
11
66
22
No reuse ofchannels
atFDMA/TDMA
No reuse ofchannels
atFDMA/TDMA
11
11
No channel
problems at CDMA
No channel
problems at CDMA
77
55
33
11
11
11
11
11
44
11
66
11
66
22
77
55
77
55
33
44
33
44
1CM2-Sl 6
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
x1
Signal processing
The signalling path
Sourceencoding
Channelencoding
Spreadencoding
Bit Symbol Chip
• Using binarycharacters
• A/D conversion• Speech
encoding toreduce bitrate
• Creating aconstant bitrate
• Preparing datafor transmission
• Optimizedadaptation tocharacter of theradio channel.
• Error detection• Error correction
• Unique inCDMAtechnologies.
• Chipratesignificanthigher thansymbolrate
x1 x Symbol Rate x Spreading Factor
1CM2-Sl 7
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Spreading 1 symbol
Walsh Function #59
Result (64 Bit long !)
0110.0110.1001.1001.1001.1001.0110.0110.1001.1001.0110.0110.0110.0110.1001.1001
1001.1001.0110.0110.0110.0110.1001.1001.0110.1001.1001.1001.1001.1001.0110.0110
1
Transmitting 1 symbol and spreading the data with anorthogonal code (also called Walsh code or Walsh function)
1CM2-Sl 8
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Spreading Gain
Shannon-Hartly law
Approximation
with and
B = Channel BandwidthC = Channel CapacitySNR = SignalNoiseRatio (eg. In GSM min. 9dB)
)1(lg 2NSBC +•=
SNRBC ••≈31
1>>NS
NSSNR log10•=
1CM2-Sl 9
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Spreading Gain
Datarate vs SNR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
-10 0 10 20 30 40
SNR (dB)
Bits
/Hz
(sec
)
ShannonApproximation
Datatransmissionis possibleeven for
S/N < 0 !
1CM2-Sl 10
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Orthogonality in mathematics
Orthogonality� Orthogonality we already know from mathematics.� We are talking about orthogonality if vectors are independent.� The angle between these vectors is 90°. (x-y-z coordination).
x
y
z
+1-1
+1
-1
90°
1CM2-Sl 11
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Orthogonality
Orthogonal Codes�Have zero correlation�Binary sequences are orthogonal if the result of an exclusive-oroperation (XOR) results in an equal number of 1’s and 0’s�Generating more orthogonal codes means using longer codes. Thelength is called spreading factor
011
101
110
000
XORBA
0101
1010XOR
1111
1010
1010XOR
0000
1001
1010XOR
0011
1CM2-Sl 12
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Orthogonal spreadingOrthogonal spreading
Coding (Spreading)
1
1001
0 0 1 1
1001 1001 1001 1001
0110
Origin Data
Orthogonal Code
Tx Data
Average levelalways at zero
for every bit
+1
-1
0
1001 1001 0110 0110
Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1
1CM2-Sl 13
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Despreading Data (Decoding)
1111
1001
0110
XOR Processed
Orthogonal Code
Rx Data
The average power foreach bit is never 0 whenusing the correct code
+1
-1
0
0000
1001
1001
0000
1001
1001
1111
1001
0110
1111
1001
0110
(A + Y ) + Y = A
(A + Y ) + Y = A
Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1
1CM2-Sl 14
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Decoding with wrong code
1100
1010
0110
XOR Processed
Orthogonal Code
Rx Data
The average power foreach bit is always 0 when
using the wrong code
+1
-1
0
0011
1010
1001
1100
1010
1001
0011
1010
0110
1100
1010
0110
Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1
1CM2-Sl 15
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Example: Composing 3 users
00 0101 01010101
10 0011 11000011
11 0000 11111111Data Code Spreaded Signal
User A
User B
User C
+
+
=
Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1
1CM2-Sl 16
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Example: Despreading
Mixed Signal
Walsh Code
Spreaded Signal
??1 1100 0 Average
for data period
Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1Digital 0 is defined as an analog +1
Digital 1 is defined as an analog -1
A B C
1CM2-Sl 17
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Generating PN sequences
Pseudo random noise (PN) generation� N-bit shift register (2n points, length of sequence: 2n-1)� Output will be a 7-digit sequence that repeats continually: 1101001
110100111010010 0 1
1CM2-Sl 18
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Correlation
Correlation for a 7 bit long Reference PN at T0 to 7�
+ 7/7 = 100%1001110T7
- 1/7 = -14.3%0100111T6
- 1/7 = -14.3%1010011T5
- 1/7 = -14.3%1101001T4
- 1/7 = -14.3%1110100T3
- 1/7 = -14.3%0111010T2
- 1/7 = -14.3%0011101T1
+ 7/7 = 100%1001110T0
1001110Reference
CorrelationShiftedSequences
Time shifts
100(%) •+−
=NonMatchesMatchNonMatchesMatchesK
1CM2-Sl 19
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Correlation
Correlation� After reaching the sequence length, this process is repeated.� The results of a correlation of equal sequences is known as
Auto Correlation Function (“ACF”)� The results of a correlation of unequal sequences is known as
Cross Correlation Function (“CCF”)
1CM2-Sl 20
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Orthogonality vs. Correlation
Orthogonal codes typically have a bad correlation. On the other hand PN seqences with agood correlation are not orthogonal. Let’s talk about the usage of each code.
Orthogonal codes� Always used in Downlink (Forward Link)� Separation between channels (many users)� The base station is the time reference, therefore theoretically each channel is nottime-shifted, which is the main problem using orthogonal coding� Effected by multi-path transmission in reality� Used to separate channels of one user in Uplink (Reverse Link)
1CM2-Sl 21
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Orthogonality vs. Correlation
Codes with good correlation (PN sequences)� Always used in Uplink (Reverse Link)� Separation between channels (many users)� The mobile must transmit the date with an known PN sequence (reference PNsequence).� The separation between the users is realized with a specific offset to the referencePN sequence. (E.g. dependent on IMSI)� The mobile must know the current position of the reference PN sequence, used inthe base station very accurate. This is based on a defined synchronization process.� The base station must know, which offset the mobile is using roughly, to be able todecode the data. The base station knows the used offset, after the mobile hadregistered itself to the cell.� Used as scrambling code in Downlink (Forward Link)
1CM2-Sl 22
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Power control
Power control is a very important issue in CDMA technology. Be aware, that every mobile isdisturbing every other member of the cell. In the Uplink (Reverse Link) each mobile data is notcorrelating to the data of other mobiles. As we already know the correlation is realized against areference sequence. Therefore every mobile is behaving like a “noise” source to other cellmembers. This noise should be as low as possible. High enough to decode the data, lowenough to generate as low “noise” as possible.The output power is controlled in two ways.
�Open loop control� The output power of the mobile is dependent on the received basestation power. Assumingthat the pathloss is the same, in uplink and in downlink.� Used for the registration process. As there is no closed loop mechanism vailable at thistime, the mobile starts with an even lower output power (certain predefined rules), increasingthe power from attempt to attempt. Always being aware, not to disturb the cell.
�Closed loop control� The output power of the mobile is control by power control bits, which are part of thedownlink signal. In CDMA2000 the closed loop mechanism is used as a kind of fine-tuning. Inall CDMA based networks.
1CM2-Sl 23
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
OSI Reference Model
OSI: Open System Interconnection layer model
�ISO: International Standardisation Organisation
�Reference Model for communication systems
�Hierarchical Layer structure
�Often used in modern communication systems
Layer 7: Application Layer
Layer 6: Presentation Layer
Layer 5: Session Layer
Layer 4: Transport Layer
Layer 3: Network Layer
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
Layer 1: Physical Layer
1CM2-Sl 24
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
OSI Reference Model
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
1CM2-Sl 25
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Data Units in OSI Layer Model
The Information Unit of a Layer is called PDU (Protocol Data Unit). It consists of a headerblock and a SDU (Service Data Unit). The SDU of layer N is the PDU of layer N+1.
Layer N SDU
Layer N+1 PDU
Layer N Head
Layer N PDU
1CM2-Sl 26
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
1CM2-Sl 27
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
General Specification
� Channel Spacing 5 MHz
� Channel Grid 200 kHz
� Nominal Bandwidth 3.84 MHz
� Chip Rate 3.84 MCps
1CM2-Sl 28
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
RX/TX Dynamic Ranges
WC
DM
A T
X C
lass2: 500 m W
WC
DM
A T
X C
lass3: 250 m W
WC
DM
A T
X C
lass4: 125 m W
WC
DM
A T
X C
lass1: 2 Watt
33 dBm
27 dBm24 dBm21 dBm
-50 dBm
-25 dBm
-106 dBm
RX
GSM
850/900
GSM
1800/1900
1CM2-Sl 29
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Physical downlink channels
Operating Band I, Duplexspace 190 MHz
Operating Band II, Duplexspace 80 MHz
Operating Band III, Duplexspace 95 MHz
CH10562
2112.41922.4
CH10562
2112.41922.4
CH10563
2112.61922.6
CH10563
2112.61922.6
CH10837
2167.41977.4
CH10837
2167.41977.4
CH10838
2167.61977.6
CH10838
2167.61977.6
CH412
1932.51852.5
CH412
1932.51852.5
CH437
1937.51857.5
CH437
1937.51857.5
CH462
1942.51862.5
CH462
1942.51862.5
CH487
1947.51867.5
CH487
1947.51867.5
CH512
1952.51872.5
CH512
1952.51872.5
CH537
1957.51877.5
CH537
1957.51877.5
CH562
1962.51882.5
CH562
1962.51882.5
CH587
1967.51887.5
CH587
1967.51887.5
CH612
1972.51892.5
CH612
1972.51892.5
CH637
1977.51897.5
CH637
1977.51897.5
CH662
1982.51902.5
CH662
1982.51902.5
CH687
1987.51907.5
CH687
1987.51907.5
CH9662
1932.41852.4
CH9662
1932.41852.4
CH9663
1932.61852.6
CH9663
1932.61852.6
CH9937
1987.41907.4
CH9937
1987.41907.4
CH9938
1987.61907.6
CH9938
1987.61907.6
CH9037
1807.41712.4
CH9037
1807.41712.4
CH9038
1807.61712.6
CH9038
1807.61712.6
CH9387
1877.41782.4
CH9387
1877.41782.4
CH9388
1877.61782.6
CH9388
1877.61782.6
1CM2-Sl 30
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Physical downlink channels
Operating Band IV, Duplexspace 400 MHz
CH1462
2112.51712.5
CH1462
2112.51712.5
CH1487
2117.51717.5
CH1487
2117.51717.5
CH1512
2122.51722.5
CH1512
2122.51722.5
CH1537
2127.51727.5
CH1537
2127.51727.5
CH1562
2132.51732.5
CH1562
2132.51732.5
CH1587
2137.51737.5
CH1587
2137.51737.5
CH1612
2142.51742.5
CH1612
2142.51742.5
CH1637
2147.51747.5
CH1637
2147.51747.5
CH1662
2152.51752.5
CH1662
2152.51752.5
CH10562
2112.41712.4
CH10562
2112.41712.4
CH10563
2112.61712.6
CH10563
2112.61712.6
CH10762
2152.41752.4
CH10762
2152.41752.4
CH10763
2152.61752.6
CH10763
2152.61752.6
Operating Band V, Duplexspace 45 MHz
CH1007
871.5826.5
CH1007
871.5826.5
CH1012
872.5827.5
CH1012
872.5827.5
CH1032
876.5831.5
CH1032
876.5831.5
CH1037
877.5832.5
CH1037
877.5832.5
CH1062
882.5837.5
CH1062
882.5837.5
CH1087
887.5842.5
CH1087
887.5842.5
CH4357
871.4826.4
CH4357
871.4826.4
CH4358
871.6826.6
CH4358
871.6826.6
CH4457
891.4846.4
CH4457
891.4846.4
CH4458
891.6846.6
CH4458
891.6846.6
Operating Band V, Duplexspace 45 MHz
CH1037
877.5832.5
CH1037
877.5832.5
CH1062
882.5837.5
CH1062
882.5837.5
CH4387
877.4832.4
CH4387
877.4832.4
CH4388
877.6832.6
CH4388
877.6832.6
CH4412
882.4837.4
CH4412
882.4837.4
CH4413
882.6837.6
CH4413
882.6837.6
1CM2-Sl 31
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Physical uplink channels
Operating Band I, Duplexspace 190 MHz
Operating Band II, Duplexspace 80 MHz
Operating Band III, Duplexspace 95 MHz
CH9612
1922.42112.4
CH9612
1922.42112.4
CH9613
1922.62144.6
CH9613
1922.62144.6
CH9887
1977.42167.4
CH9887
1977.42167.4
CH9888
1977.62167.6
CH9888
1977.62167.6
CH12
1852.51932.5
CH12
1852.51932.5
CH37
1857.51937.5
CH37
1857.51937.5
CH62
1862.51942.5
CH62
1862.51942.5
CH87
1867.51947.5
CH87
1867.51947.5
CH112
1872.51952.5
CH112
1872.51952.5
CH137
1877.51957.5
CH137
1877.51957.5
CH162
1882.51962.5
CH162
1882.51962.5
CH187
1887.51967.5
CH187
1887.51967.5
CH212
1892.51972.5
CH212
1892.51972.5
CH237
1897.51977.5
CH237
1897.51977.5
CH262
1902.51982.5
CH262
1902.51982.5
CH287
1907.51987.5
CH287
1907.51987.5
CH9262
1852.41932.4
CH9262
1852.41932.4
CH9263
1852.61932.6
CH9263
1852.61932.6
CH9537
1907.41987.4
CH9537
1907.41987.4
CH9538
1907.61987.6
CH9538
1907.61987.6
CH8562
1712.41807.4
CH8562
1712.41807.4
CH8563
1712.61807.6
CH8563
1712.61807.6
CH8912
1782.41877.4
CH8912
1782.41877.4
CH8913
1782.61877.6
CH8913
1782.61877.6
1CM2-Sl 32
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Physical uplink channels
Operating Band IV, Duplexspace 400 MHz
CH1162
1712.52112.5
CH1162
1712.52112.5
CH1187
1717.52117.5
CH1187
1717.52117.5
CH1212
1722.52122.5
CH1212
1722.52122.5
CH1237
1727.52127.5
CH1237
1727.52127.5
CH1262
1732.52132.5
CH1262
1732.52132.5
CH1287
1737.52137.5
CH1287
1737.52137.5
CH1312
1742.52142.5
CH1312
1742.52142.5
CH1337
1747.52147.5
CH1337
1747.52147.5
CH1362
1752.52152.5
CH1362
1752.52152.5
CH8562
1712.42112.4
CH8562
1712.42112.4
CH8563
1712.62112.6
CH8563
1712.62112.6
CH8762
1752.42152.4
CH8762
1752.42152.4
CH8763
1752.62152.6
CH8763
1752.62152.6
Operating Band V, Duplexspace 45 MHz
CH782
826.5871.5
CH782
826.5871.5
CH787
827.5872.5
CH787
827.5872.5
CH807
831.5876.5
CH807
831.5876.5
CH812
832.5877.5
CH812
832.5877.5
CH837
837.5882.5
CH837
837.5882.5
CH862
842.5887.5
CH862
842.5887.5
CH4132
826.4871.4
CH4132
826.4871.4
CH4133
826.6871.6
CH4133
826.6871.6
CH4232
846.4891.4
CH4232
846.4891.4
CH4233
846.6892.6
CH4233
846.6892.6
Operating Band VI, Duplexspace 45 MHz
CH812
832.5877.5
CH812
832.5877.5
CH837
837.5882.5
CH837
837.5882.5
CH4162
832.4877.4
CH4162
832.4877.4
CH4163
832.6877.6
CH4163
832.6877.6
CH4187
837.4882.4
CH4187
837.4882.4
CH4188
837.6882.6
CH4188
837.6882.6
1CM2-Sl 33
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Layer 1
Layer 1 (Physical Layer): Transmission of digital information. This layer defines all physicalparameters like power, bit rate, frequency, … The transmission is not secure
UMTS:
�Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers.
�FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels.
�Modulation and spreading/demodulation and despreading of physical channels.
�Frequency and time (chip, bit, slot, frame) synchronisation.
1CM2-Sl 34
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Layer 2
Layer 2 (Data Link Layer): responsible for reliable and secured transmission. Transmissionerrors are detected and corrected. Flow control is also located in this layer.
UMTS:
MAC
�Reallocation of radio resources.
�Data Transfer
RLC
�Error recovery ACK/NACK protocol.
�Notification of unrecoverable errors.
1CM2-Sl 35
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Layer 3
Layer 3 (Network Layer): Responsible for setting up, releasing and controlling of aconnection. This layer is also responsible for optimising the link in the specific network. It isthe last layer that depends on the transmission technology.
UMTS:
� Broadcast of information.
�Establishment, reconfiguration and release of Radio Bearers.
1CM2-Sl 36
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Layer 1 Specification
25.214
25.211
25.21225.213
25.215
Multipexingand channel
coding
PhyCh andmapping of TrCh
onto PhyCh
Physical layerprocedures
Spreading andmodulation
Physical layermeasurements
Control
Traffic 0/1+1/-1
+1/-1
1CM2-Sl 37
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Channel types
�Logical Channels
�Transport ChannelsLayer 1 to higher layers
�Physical ChannelsLayer 1 signal
What ?
How ?
The signalitselve
1CM2-Sl 38
Basics
Measurements
Functionality
Remote Control
CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Logical channels
Logical channels are used for communication between layer 2 and 3, i.e. betweenthe RLC/MAC layer and the RRC layer
Traffic Channels� DTCH: A Dedicated Traffic Channel is a point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE, for thetransfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in both uplink and downlink.� CTCH: A point-to-multipoint unidirectional channel for transfer of dedicated user information for allor a group of specified UEs. (Common Traffic Channel)
Control Channels� DCCH: A point-to-point bi-directional channel that transmits dedicated control information betweena UE and the network. This channel is established through RRC connection setup procedure.(Dedicated Control Channel)� CCCH: Bi-directional channel for transmitting control information between network and UEs. Thischannel is commonly used by the UEs having no RRC connection with the network and by the UEsusing common transport channels when accessing a new cell after cell reselection. (Common ControlChannel)� PCCH: A downlink channel that transfers paging information. This channel is used when thenetwork does not know the location cell of the UE, or, the UE is in the cell connected state (utilisingUE sleep mode procedures) (Paging Control Channel).� BCCH: A downlink channel for broadcasting system control information. (Broadcast ControlChannel)
1CM2-Sl 39
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Downlink transport channels
Dedicated Channel� DCH: The Dedicated Channel is a downlink or uplink transport channel. The DCH is transmittedover the entire cell or over only a part of the cell using e.g. beam-forming antennas.
Common Transport Channel� BCH: The Broadcast Channel is a downlink transport channel that is used to broadcast system-and cell-specific information. The BCH is always transmitted over the entire cell and has a singletransport format.� PCH: The Paging Channel is a downlink transport channel. The PCH is always transmitted over theentire cell. The transmission of the PCH is associated with the transmission of physical-layergenerated Paging Indicators, to support efficient sleep-mode procedures� FACH: The Forward Access Channel is a downlink transport channel. The FACH is transmittedover the entire cell or over only a part of the cell using e.g. beam-forming antennas. The FACH can betransmitted using slow power control.� DSCH: The Downlink Shared Channel is a downlink transport channel shared by several UEs TheDSCH is associated with one or several downlink DCH. The DSCH is transmitted over the entire cellor over only a part of the cell using e.g. beam-forming antennas.
1CM2-Sl 40
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Uplink transport channels
Dedicated Channel� DCH: The Dedicated Channel is a downlink or uplink transport channel
Common Transport Channel� RACH: The Random Access Channel is an uplink transport channel. The RACH is always receivedfrom the entire cell. The RACH is characterized by a collision risk and by being transmitted using openloop power control.� PCPCH: The Common Packet Channel is an uplink transport channel. CPCH is associated with adedicated channel on the downlink which provides power control and CPCH Control Commands (e.g.Emergency Stop) for the uplink CPCH. The CPCH is characterised by initial collision risk and by beingtransmitted using inner loop power control.
1CM2-Sl 41
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Physical Downlink Channels
P-SCH(Primary Synchronisation)
Slot Synchronisation
S-SCH(Secondary Synchronisation)
Frame Synchronisation
P-CPICH(Primary Common Pilot)
Phase Reference
S-CPICH(Secondary Common Pilot)
Add. Phase Reference
PICH(Paging Indication)
Indication for Paging
AICH(Access Indication)
Indication for access to RACH
CPCH Indicator channels(Common Packet)
(AP-AICH, CD/CA-ICH, CSICH
1CM2-Sl 42
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Physical Downlink Channels
DPCCH(Dedicated Physical Control)
DPDCH(Dedicated Physical Data Channel)
P-CCPCH(Primary Common Physical Control)
PDSCH(Physical Downlink Shared Control)
S-CCPCH(Secondary Common Physical Control)
Dedicated
DCH(Dedicated Channel)
BCH(Broadcastl)
FACH(Fast Access)
DSCH(Downlink Shared Control)
PCH(Paging)
Transport Channels
DPC
H
1CM2-Sl 43
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Physical Uplink Channels
DPCCH(Dedicated Physical Control)
DPDCH(Dedicated Physical Data Channel)
PCPCH(Physical Common Packet Channel)
PRACH(Physical Random Access)
Dedicated
DCH(Dedicated Channel)
CPCH(Common Packet Channel)
RACH(Random Access)
Transport Channels
1CM2-Sl 44
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
T
CMU 200 Level reference mode
There are two possibilties for level settings in the CMU 200�Referenced to the Output channel.�Referenced to the P-CPICH
1CM2-Sl 45
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU 200 Level reference
Please notice, the P-SCH and the S-SCH are separately entered. The specification does notdivide between “primary“ and “secondary“ synchronization channelsLevel SCH = Level P-SCH + Level S-SCH
Example:
-8.3 dB (P-SCH) + -8.3 dB (S-SCH)
are
-5.3 dB (SCH)
1CM2-Sl 46
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Transport channel – physical channel
Transport Channel MUX
Physical Channel segmentation
Transport Channel
Channel Coding
Transport Channel
Channel Coding
Transport Channel
Channel Coding
Layer 1 Phys. Ch.Phys. Ch.
Layer 2
Coded CompositeTransport Channel
1CM2-Sl 47
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Synchronisation procedure
Four steps
�1. Select Basestation and get slot synchronisation from P-SCH�2. Get frame synchronisation (and code group identificatio) bc S-SCH�3. Get exact primary scrambling code by correlation of all codes insidecode group of CPICH�4. Decode P-CCPCH to get all BCH informations for system and cell
1CM2-Sl 48
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
P-CPICH (common pilot channel)
Pre-defined bit sequence
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
slot #1
Frame#i+1Frame#i
slot #14 slot #0
Frame Boundary
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
�Scrambling Code: Primary�Channelisation Code C ch 256,0 = Phase Reference
1CM2-Sl 49
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel)
DataNdata1=18 bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
(Tx OFF)
256 chips
Tx ofSynchronisation
channels
�Scrambling Code: Primary�Channelisation Code C ch 256,1 = System, Cell Specific Info. + Superframe Sync.
1CM2-Sl 50
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
P-SCH / S-SCH (Synchronization channels)
�Using the gap of the CCPCH�P-SCH same for all base stations�S-SCH sends a sequence of 16 different spreading codes to indicate the slotposition inside a 10ms frame�Identical data on I & Q => 45° rotation in constellation diagram
�Superposition of P-SCH/S-SCH and PCCPCH generate a typical shape intime domain
= Slot + Frame Synchronisation + Code Group Detection
1CM2-Sl 51
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
UE downlink channels (FDD)
DCCH
CCCH
CTCH
FACH
DSCH
DCH
CPICH
PDSCH
DPDCH
P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
SCH
BCH
PCH
BCCH
DTCH
TrafficControl
DedicatedCommon
PCCH
DPCCH
PICHAICH
AP-AICHCSICH
CD/CA-ICH
MACCCTrCh
Physical channels Transport channels Logical channels
1CM2-Sl 52
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
UE uplink channels (FDD)
DCCH
CCCH
DTCH
RACH
DCH
PRACH
DPCH
TrafficControl
DedicatedCommon
CPCH
DPCCH
PCPCH
MACCCTrCh
Physical channels Transport channels Logical channels
1CM2-Sl 53
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Spreading
Higher number ofchannelisation codese.g. more users
Higher symbol/datarate
SF = 1 SF = 4
Cch,1,0 =
Cch,2,0=
SF = 2
Cch,2,1=
Cch,4,0=
Cch,4,1=
Cch,4,2=
Cch,4,3=
1
1 1
1 -1
1 1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1CM2-Sl 54
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Timing of physical channels
k:th S-CCPCH
AICH accessslots
SecondarySCH
PrimarySCH
τS-CCPCH,k
10 ms
τPICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 1
τDPCH,n
P-CCPCH
Any CPICH
PICH for k:thS-CCPCH
Any PDSCH
n:th DPCH
10 ms
1CM2-Sl 55
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Uplink power control modes
-100000SIRest > SIR Target
0Allother
SIRest = SIR Target
111111SIRest < SIR Target
TPC_cmdTPC
-10SIRest > SIR Target
11SIRest < SIR Target
TPC_cmdTPCMode 1: (fPC1500 Hz)
Mode 2: (fPC300 Hz)
To change the power by 1 dB the TPC bitof 5 consecutive slots must be equal,otherwise the powerr remains unchanged
1CM2-Sl 56
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Downlink RMC (12.2 kbps)
100
100 12
112 8
360
308
Sum #1 Sum #2 Sum #3 Sum #4
244
244 16
260 8
804
686
Sum #2 343Sum #1 343
420 420 420 420
343 77
Information Data
CRC Attachment
Tailbit Attachment
Viterbi Coding 1/3
1. Interleaving
Radio Frame Seg.
Rate Matching
2. Interleaving
30 kbps DPCH
Radio Frame FN=4N Radio Frame FN=4N+1 Radio Frame FN=4N+3
686 308
343 77343 77343 77
244
Sum #2 343Sum #1 343
140 1 140 1 140 1 140 1
…
28
0 14
28
…0 14 …0 14 …0 14
Radio Frame FN=4N+2
TFCI = 3 TFCI = 3 TFCI = 3 TFCI =3
DTCH DCCH
1CM2-Sl 57
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Power Ramping RACH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
RACH Message part∆P0 = Power Ramp Step
Access PreambleInitial_Power
Acquisition indicator(positive)
Power offset
Uplink
Downlink
SFN 2. SFN 3 SFN 4 SFN 5
RACH Frame 20 msec
1413121110987
2107654361413121110985
54321048141312111093
7654321021110981413121
76543210011109876543210SFN mod 8 (CCPCH)
∆=3
Sub-channel group {1,3,8,11}
Min ∆=3
1CM2-Sl 58
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Power Ramping RACH
1CM2-Sl 59
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
1CM2-Sl 60
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 - WCDMA Functionality
�Signalling functionality�Signalling according to 3GPP/FDD Release99, March 2002
�CMU simulates one UTRAN cell
�UE synchronises to cell
�RRC connection set up
�call set up (MOC, MTC)
�UE transmitter tests in CMU
�Test Mode / Test Loop activation command
�UE receiver tests in CMU
�call release (NIR, MIR)
1CM2-Sl 61
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 - WCDMA Functionality
�Current functionality of signalling SW�Read out of part of UE capabilities and measurement reports
�Authentication, Security and Integrity
�Dynamic setting of signalling parameters
�Dedicated Channels� Signalling RAB� RMC� Voice� Video
� Packet data connections / HSPDA
1CM2-Sl 62
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inter Frequency Handover
� Inter Frequency Handover– Possibility to change channel during call
1CM2-Sl 63
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Important networksettings
� Authentication and Security– Authentication
– Triggered by network– Key exchange for integrity (and ciphering)– Secret key ‘K’ adjustable since V3.50– Algorithm used is Test acc. 3GPP 34.108 (XOR)
– Security– In CMU200 only
Integrity
No Ciphering
– For both proceduresa USIM is needed!
1CM2-Sl 64
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inter RAT Handover toGSM
� Blind Handover WCDMA � GSM supported with V3.50– All installed GSM networks selectable as target network– Parameters of target network adjustable in Handover
Prepare Session– Traffic channel (frequency, level, timeslot)– Control channel (frequency, level, mode, AUX Tx)– Speech codec settings– GSM setup message– …
– Handover possible from– WCDMA circuit switched to GSM circuit switched
» WCDMA Voice call to GSM voice call» WCDMA RMC call to GSM voice call
1CM2-Sl 65
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inter RAT Handover toGSM
� Blind Handover WCDMA � GSM supported with V3.50– Handover is blind, that means
– UE does not see a GSM cell while in WCDMA call– UE receives info about GSM cell on DCCH with Handover command– After handover command UE waits for activation time– After activation time elapsed UE hands over to GSM
– After CMU received Handover accept from UE– WCDMA cell is shut down– GSM cell is put on air– UE ends on GSM cell in call after activation time
– For Handover from WCDMA RMC call– In some UEs GSM setup message is needed for speech codec
initialisation�UE alerts in GSM
1CM2-Sl 66
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 - WCDMA CompressedMode
� What is Compressed Mode?– In a CDMA system the transceiver is always active during a connection– In contradiction to a TDMA system there is no slot divided operation– Thus there is no time to check other cells or frequencies
(cf. BA list and neighbor cell measurements like e.g. in GSM)if there is only one receiver in the UE
– Receiver must “steal” some time to do neighbor cell measurements– Data to be transmitted must be compressed to win time
⇒ Compressed mode
Time
Power
w/o compressed mode
Time
Power
with compressed mode
Gap
1CM2-Sl 67
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 - WCDMA CompressedMode
� Requirements for compressed mode– signaling to the UE to do compressed mode
– by SF reduction– by puncturing– (by higher layer scheduling)
– Command UE to activate compressed mode– read measurement report form UE
» e.g. information of neighbor cell– Preconditions for some inter frequency/inter system handover scenarios– RF measurements in compressed mode planned for later releases
– measure UE power and gap length (U65var04)» higher power in compressed mode
– measure BER in compressed mode» no reduction of quality of service due to compressed mode
1CM2-Sl 68
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 - WCDMA CompressedMode
1CM2-Sl 69
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Handover in Compressed Mode
� Inter system handover from WCDMA to GSM� In principle the same handover as before but
– Measurement on GSM cell before handover command– Handover to the measured GSM cell– Second transmitter in CMU200 necessary (CMU-B95)
1CM2-Sl 70
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Inter RAT Handover from GSM
� Blind Handover GSM � WCDMA– All installed WCDMA bands selectable as target network– Parameters of target network adjustable in Handover
Prepare Session– Handover possible from GSM circuit switched to WCDMA circuit switched– Handover is blind, that means
– UE does not see a WCDMA cell while in GSM call– UE receives info about WCDMA cell with Handover command– After handover command UE waits for activation time– After activation time elapsed UE hands over to WCDMA
– After CMU received Handover accept from UE– GSM cell is shut down– WCDMA cell is put on air– UE ends on WCDMA cell in call after activation time
1CM2-Sl 71
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – AMR Codec and AudioTest
�With AMR Codec for WCDMA– Hardware B52var14 required– Otherwise no option (in contrast to GSM)
�Audio testing will be possible– Either use CMU-B41 Audio option– Or UPL and CMU200 for the only available validated audio test platform
1CM2-Sl 72
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
1CM2-Sl 73
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Max Power
Maximum Power of the UE� Most important
power measurementToo high output poweris disturbing the radionetwork, the peakvalues are only for info.
� Dependent on themobile class(Typically 21 dBm)
� Typical Limits(19 dBm to 23 dBm)
� Possibility todeterminate couplefactors (Attenuation ofAntenna coupler canbe measured with goodUE)
1CM2-Sl 74
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Measurement receiver
Dynamic ranges� Overrange area
The CMU uses an A/D converter atthe inter-frequency. An Overload ofthe internal signal path makes itimpossible to make measurements..
� Overshoot areadepends on Crest-Factor
� Demodulation area(depends on modulation type)
� Power Measurements(partly possible, even without ademodulation process)
� Noise (depends on signal level andinternal attenuator settings, canpossibly be higher than the UESignal, depends on filter bandwidth)
Max Level-(6+2) dB
-35 dB
-73 dB rms
1CM2-Sl 75
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Min Power
Minimum power of the UE� More or less
importantPurpose: Is the phonehandling the completelevel range, peakvalues only for info.
� Could also be partof TestpatternTeststep F
� Typical Limits(< -50 dBm)
� Typical Values(-55 to -60 dBm)
1CM2-Sl 76
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inner Loop TPC
Influence of the TPC powercontrol mechanism� More or less
important Purpose: Isthe closed loop powercontrol working.
� Better to use theTestpattern„Teststep A-H“.
� Max. Step and Sumerror
1CM2-Sl 77
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inner Loop TPC
Adjusting the TPC Pattern� Maximum Flexibility:
The CMU can be usedfor a high amount ofdifferent scenarios.
� Transmitted TPCPatterns areindependent fromthe limit settings(Please note: There isno automatismbetween these twosettings).
1CM2-Sl 78
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
ILPower TPC (Patterns A..H)
Influence of the TPC control (3GPP TS 34.121/5.4.2)� Test in 8 steps.
� Testpattern A Algorithm 2, between 30 and 60 TPC commands according to certainrules. Example sequence from Spec:100000101010101111101000001010101011111010000010101010111110.Even, whenpartly 5 equal TPC Bits are send, the power shouldn‘t change, as there have to be framesynchronised.
1CM2-Sl 79
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
ILPower TPC (Patterns A..H)
Influence of the TPC control (3GPP TS 34.121/5.4.2)� Testpattern B,C Algorithm 2, valid TPC_cmd, 50 TPC Bits each,10 steps up and 10
steps down. Looking on step and the sum errors.
1CM2-Sl 80
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
ILPower TPC (Patterns A..H)
Influence of the TPC control (3GPP TS 34.121/5.4.2)� Testpattern D Algorithm 1, „filler“, can be used as Max Power Test.
� Testpattern E,F Algorithm 1,150 steps up and 150 steps down. Looking on step and 10step acceleration errors. Covers the complete dynamic range.
1CM2-Sl 81
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
ILPower TPC (Patterns A..H)
Influence of the TPC control (3GPP TS 34.121/5.4.2)� Testpattern G,H Algorithm 1, but 2 dB steps,75 steps up and 75 steps down. Looking
on step and 10 step acceleration errors. Covers the complete dynamic range.
1CM2-Sl 82
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inner Loop TPC
Influence of the TPC control� More or less
importantEspecially testpattern Eund F are interesting.
� View showsabsolute andrelative values
� Typical Limits formax. step - andacceleration error0.5 dB per step, 2 dBfailure for 10consecutive steps
1CM2-Sl 83
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inner Loop TPC
Influence of the TPC control� Typical Limits for
max. step - andacceleration error0.5 dB per step, 2 dBfailure for 10consecutive steps
1CM2-Sl 84
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inner Loop TPC
Graphical Display in V3.80� Selectable Start and Stop slot to zoom in the power steps
1CM2-Sl 85
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Inner Loop TPC
How to do
� Check the startconditions !
� Select theTestpattern
� Start the single shotmeasurement
� Press „RepeatPattern“
1CM2-Sl 86
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Transmit On/Off Timemask
RACH power measurement (3GPP TS 34.121/5.5.2)� Single Shot� Checking the power and the timing
Off-value like in Min Power Measurement. On value related to the open loop power rules.
� Measurement during registration and call setup
1CM2-Sl 87
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
Transmit On/Off Timemask
RACH Power Ramping� Sending no AICH ACK� Mobile must be turned on several
times� Defining the preamble to measure.
1CM2-Sl 88
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Modulation Measurement
G = 0.5
Scrambling
G = 1G = 0.5
Scrambling
G = 1
Modulation type� WCDMA uses Dual BPSK in Uplink.� DPCCH is transmitted on the Q branch.� DPDCH is transmitted on the I branch.
The used scrambling code reduces the phase between chips to +/-90°. (within a symbolperiod). 180° Phase changes are possible on symbol borders.
.
1CM2-Sl 89
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Modulation Measurement
Error Vector Magnitude(EVM)
� GMSK in GSM is a“constant envelopemodulation”, It is possibleto describe Modulationerrors only with a phaseerror value.
� At PSK modulation, thelocal amplitude errorshave also to be taken intoaccount. Therefore twoadditional componentsare measured:„Magnitude Error“ and„EVM“
.
Idealsymbol point
MeasuredSymbol point
Q
IError Vector Magnitude
Magnitude Error
Phase Error
1CM2-Sl 90
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
Glossary
What’s next?
Background
CMU200 – Modulation Measurement
Frequency Domain and TimeDomain view� Origin Offset is the
equivalent to carriersuppression.
p(f C+n) - p(f C)� IQ Imbalance is the
equivalent to sidebandsuppression
p(f C+n) - p(f C-n).
Remainingcarrier
Sidebandsuppression
ModulatedCarrier
1CM2-Sl 91
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – Modulation Measurement
Displaying the Results� Current
Last value, which wasmeasured.
� AverageMean value over theden „Statistic Count“.
� Max/MinIn manual usage thevalues are not relatedto the „Statistic Count“.In remote controltypically „Single Shot“is used.
� Measurement doneat mid or high UEoutput power.
1CM2-Sl 92
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – Modulation Measurement
Displaying the results� Graphical View over
one Slot possibleEVM, Magnitude Erroror Phase Error
1CM2-Sl 93
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – Modulation Measurement
Measurement mode� WCDMA
Modulationmeasurement after de-spreading.
� QPSKModulationmeasurement in frontof the de-spreading.Only makes sense ifDPCCH and DPDCHare using the samegain factor. (e.g. inModuletest). Muchfaster..
1CM2-Sl 94
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CMU200 – ACLR Messungen
Measurement mode� Filter
Fastest Measurement.The measurementreceivers is hoppingfrom frequency tofrequency
� FFT/OBWUsing a FFT method.Additionally theoccupied bandwidth ismeasured. This shouldnot be higher than thechannel bandwidth.
� EMASKSimilar like the FFT.But it is using differentfilters on the differentfrequency offsets.
1CM2-Sl 95
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – ACLR Measurements
FFT/OBW� 2 resolution filters
Displaying assimultaneous curves
� Measurement lengthdefinable320,640,1280, 2560Chips possible.
� Preferred modeModusOBW is an importantcriteria.
In General� Measurement at mid
or high UE outputpower
1CM2-Sl 96
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – ACLR Measurements
Emission Mask (EMASK)� Used channel
(0..+-2,5MHz),RBW = 30kHz
� Transient area(+-2,5..+-3,5MHz),RBW = 1MHz.
� Neighbor channels(+-3,5..+-12,5MHz),RBW = 1MHz Filter
1CM2-Sl 97
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – CDP Measurements
Code Domain Power� The DPDCH is there
and set up correctly� What data rates are
used?� Is the channel mapping
is working correctly?� How the power
distribution over thecode channels anddedicated channels isdoing
� How much inter codecrosstalk the UE has.
1CM2-Sl 98
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – CDP Measurements
Code Domain Power Views
� Code DomainPower (CDP)
� Evaluation for I- and Q-part (Auto)
� Evaluation for differentData/Control channels(Manual)
� Code DomainPower Rho (ρ)
� Evaluation for I- and Q-part (Auto)
� Evaluation for differentData/Control channels(Manual)
1CM2-Sl 99
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CMU200 – Receiver tests
Bit/Block errors� BER
Bit errors
� BLERBlock errors.
� DBLERBlock errors resultingfrom the data partexcluding the headerpart.
1CM2-Sl 100
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CMU200 – Receiver tests
Adjusting the level according specification� Reference: Output power
Output Power: -106.7 dBmP-CPICH: -3.3 dBP-CCPCH: -5.3 dBP-SCH,S-SCH: -8.3 dBPICH: -8.3 dBDPCH: -10.3 dB
� Reference: P-CPICHP-CPICH: -110.0 dBmP-CCPCH: -2.0 dBP-SCH,S-SCH: -5.0 dBPICH: -5.0 dBDPCH: -7.0 dB
AICH und S-CCPCH are not transmitted during an active call
1CM2-Sl 101
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Test Loops 1 + 2
R R C
R L C
L 1
U E Tx
M A C
R R C
R L C
L 1
U E Rx
M A C
Loop 1
Loop 2
1CM2-Sl 102
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – UE Reports
Results of the UE Report� Reporting the
current cellAlso possible in normalmode
� Reporting theneighbor cellsOnly possible in„Compressed Mode“.Neighbor cells couldeither be WCDMA cellsor GSM cells
� In the moment notsupported by everyphone.
1CM2-Sl 103
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – UE Report
Compressed Mode� When changing to
the UE Report menuOtherwise normalmode used
� Already at call setup
1CM2-Sl 104
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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CMU200 – UE Report
Preparing a GSM cell� Needs Option B95
Second synthesizer inthe CMU200
� Change into the„Handover PrepareSession“After this a GSMSignal is transmitted inparallel to the WCDMASignal.
1CM2-Sl 105
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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1CM2-Sl 106
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Remote ExampleBasic Initializing
*IDN?*OPT?*SEC 0*CLS;*RST;*OPC?SYST:GTRM:COMP OFFTRAC:REM:MODE:DISP OFFCONF:SYNC:FREQ:REF:MODE INT*CLS;SYST:REM:ADDR:SEC 1,"WCDMA19UEFDD_NSig"*CLS;SYST:REM:ADDR:SEC 2,"WCDMA19UEFDD_Sig"2;INP:STAT RF22;OUTP:STAT RF22;SENS:CORR:LOSS:INP2 7.02;SENS:CORR:LOSS:OUTP2 7.0
General settings, connector RF2, cable loss 7.0 dB
1CM2-Sl 107
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleCall setup
2;CONF:NETW:OBAN OB12;CONF:BSS:DCH:TYPE RMC2;CONF:BSS:DCH:RMC:RTYP 12.22;CONF:BSS:DCH:RMC:SDTC PR92;CONF:BSS:DCH:RMC:TMOD MODE22;CONF:BSS:DCH:RMC:UCRC OFF2;CONF:BSS:TPC:MODE ALG12;CONF:BSS:TPC:SSIZ 12;CONF:NETW:IDEN:MCC 12;CONF:NETW:IDEN:MNC 12;CONF:NETW:IDEN:LAC 12;CONF:NETW:REQ:SEC OFF2;CONF:NETW:REQ:AUTH OFF2;CONF:NETW:REQ:IMEI ON
Band I, 12.2 kbps RMC, Test Mode 2 asymetric, TPC algorithm 1, 1dB Steps,Network parameter, Security and Authentication request off, IMEI request on
1CM2-Sl 108
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleCall Setup (Variation I)
2;CONF:NETW:REQ:SEC ON2;CONF:NETW:REQ:AUTH ON2;CONF:NETW:REQ:SKEY '0011223344556677','8899AABBCCDDEEFF'
Network parameter, Security and Authentication request on,The security key differs to the default value.This key must fit to the usedUSIM card. The default belongs to the R&S USIM
1CM2-Sl 109
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleCall Setup (Variation II)
2;CONF:BSS:DCH:SRAB:SRB K2_52;CONF:BSS:DCH:TYPE RMC2;CONF:BSS:DCH:RMC:RTYP 12.22;CONF:NETW:REQ:RRCC ON2;CONF:NETW:RAC:DRXC 6
A possible improvement in the speed of the mobile terminated call canbe reached with the Network parameter “Keep RRC connection”,But the ”Signalling Radio Access Bearer (SRAB)“ Type, which is alsoused during registration must fit to the desired connection typeSRAB with 2.5 kBit should be used for RMC calls
1CM2-Sl 110
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExamplePower Setting
2;CONF:BSS:LREF OPOW2;CONF:BSS:OPOW -50.602;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:CPIC:PRIM -4.422;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:SCH:PRIM -9.422;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:SCH:SEC -9.422;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:CCPC:PRIM -6.422;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:CCPC:SEC -6.422;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:PICH -9.422;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:AICH -9.422;CONF:BSS:PHYS:LEV:DPDC -11.42
Output power setting
1CM2-Sl 111
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleFurther Settings & Registration
2;CONF:BSS:PHYS:DPCH:POFF 0.002;CONF:BSS:PHYS:CODE:DPDC 62;CONF:BSS:CHAN 10812 CH2;CONF:BSS:SCOD:PRIM #H92;CONF:BSS:SCOD:SEC #H02;CONF:UES:SCOD:SEC #H02;LEV:MODE AUT2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP CLOP2;PROC:SIGN:ACT SON;*OPC?WHILE 2;SIGN:STAT? <> REG2;SIGN:RITY?2;SIGN:RID?2;SENSE:SIGN:IMEI?Channel configuration, wait for synchronization, checking UE parameterThe query for the IMEI may return „NAN“. You might query for the IMEI ina loop or put this command after the call is established
1CM2-Sl 112
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Remote ExampleRMC call, BER + Modulation Meas.
2;PROC:SIGN:ACT CTM;*OPC?
WHILE 2;SIGN:STAT? <> CEST
2;LEV:MODE AUT2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP CLOP2;CONF:UES:PCON:TPOW:VAL 0.02;CONF:RXQ:BER:CONT:TBL 150 (one Block has 244 Bit)2;INIT:RXQ:BER2;CONF:BSS:OCNS?2;CONF:MOD:OVER:WCDM:DPCH:CONT:STAT 102;READ:MOD:OVER:WCDM:DPCH?2;FETC:RXQ:BER?
MTC, Modulation and BER in parallel, TPC are generated in closed loop mode.
1CM2-Sl 113
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleMax Power + ACLR measurement
2;LEV:MODE MAN2;LEV:MAX 35.02;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP ALL12;CONF:POW:MAX:CONT:STAT 102;READ:POW:MAX?2;CONF:SPEC:MFFT:CONT:STAT 102;CONF:SPEC:MFFT:CONT:MLEN 6402;READ:SPEC:MFFT:REL?2;ABOR:SPEC:MFFT
Manual level setting, TPC all up, max. power measurement and ACLR at
max. power condition. (results are more stable, than in autoranging mode)
FFT with1/4 slot length and a statistic count of 10, results are
including occupied bandwith (OBW)
1CM2-Sl 114
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleACLR variations
2;CONF:SPEC:MFIL:CONT:STAT 102;CONF:SPEC:MFIL:CONT:MLEN 12802;READ:SPEC:MFIL:REL?2;ABOR:SPEC:MFIL
FFT with 1/2 slot length and a statistic count of 10, results are
including peak values
2;CONF:SPEC:EMAS:CONT:STAT 102;CONF:SPEC:EMAS:CONT:MLEN 25602;READ:SPEC:EMASK?2;CALC:ARR:SPEC:EMAS:CURR:MATC:LIM?2;FETC:ARR:SPEC:EMAS:AVER?
FFT with1/1 slot length and a statistic count of 10, limit check and readout of
The complete array
1CM2-Sl 115
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleMin Power
2;LEV:MODE MAN2;LEV:MAX -35.02;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP ALL02;CONF:POW:MIN:CONT:STAT 102;READ:POW:MIN?
Manual level setting, TPC all down, Min. power measurement. (Results are morestable, than in autoranging mode).
1CM2-Sl 116
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleCode Domain Power
2;LEV:MODE AUT2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP CLOP2;READ:CDP:AUT?2;CONF:CDP:AUT:CONT:DSF?2;FETC:ARR:CDP:AUT:ISIG:CURR?2;FETC:ARR:CDP:AUT:QSIG:CURR?
Auto level setting, closed loop
1CM2-Sl 117
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Remote ExampleInnerloop Power Control
2;CONF:POW:ILTP:CONT:TPCP:ALG 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,02;CONF:BSS:TPC:PATT '00000000001111111111'2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP CPAT2;READ:POW:ILTP:CURR?2;READ:POW:ILTP:CURR?2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:STEP:CURR?
1CM2-Sl 118
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleCall Release (NIR)
2;LEV:MODE AUT2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP CLOP2;PROC:SIGN:ACT CREL2;SIGN:STAT?2;PROC:SIGN:ACT SOFF
A call release, waiting for the signalling state „REG“
The generator is switched off then .
1CM2-Sl 119
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Combining ILTP Measurements(Part1)
2;CONF:POW:ILTP:CONT:TPCP:ALG 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,02;CONF:BSS:TPC:PATT '000000000000'2;CONF:POW:ILTP:CONT:BSEC OFF2;LEV:MAX 37.02;LEV:MODE MAN2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP ALL12;CONF:BSS:TPC:PTYP SPAL2;INIT:POW:ILTP;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?
Configure only the A part of the measurement, expecting 10 zeros (11 results)Define a bit pattern of 12 zeros (alternating between the single steps)Manual level setting. Starting with TPC „All1“ for max power.Init the measurement, which waits for a trigger nowTransmitting a single pattern and fetching the results.
1CM2-Sl 120
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Combining ILTP Measurements(Part2)
2;LEV:MAX 26.02;INIT:POW:ILTP;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?2;LEV:MAX 15.02;INIT:POW:ILTP;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?2;LEV:MAX 4.02;INIT:POW:ILTP;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?2;LEV:MAX -7.02;INIT:POW:ILTP;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?.
Repeating these steps now.
1CM2-Sl 121
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Combining ILTP Measurements(Part2)
2;LEV:MAX -29.02;INIT:POW:ILTP;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?2;LEV:MAX -36.02;INIT:POW:ILTP;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:ARR:POW:ILTP:UEP:CURR?
Repeating these steps again. Keep in mind the max level is not an expected power.It is the overrange point of the A/D conversion and must be higherFor example: Max Level = Expected power + Crest Factor + 2 dB)
1CM2-Sl 122
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Innerloop Power Testpattern A..H
2;CONF:UES:PCON:TPOW:REF TPOW2;CONF:UES:PCON:TPOW:VAL -10.0
� TESTPATTERN A
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TA2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
� TESTPATTERN B
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TB2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
� Select the desired testpattern� Trigger the measurement� Start the pattern transmission
1CM2-Sl 123
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Innerloop Power Testpattern A..H
� TESTPATTERN C
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TC2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
� TESTPATTERN D
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TD2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
� Returns absolute values� Returns relative values
1CM2-Sl 124
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Innerloop Power Testpattern A..H
� TESTPATTERN E
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TE2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
� TESTPATTERN F
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TF2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
1CM2-Sl 125
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Innerloop Power Testpattern A..H
� TESTPATTERN G
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TG2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
� TESTPATTERN H
2;CONF:BSS:TPC:PSET TH2;INIT:POW:XSL;*OPC?2;CONF:BSS:TPC:RPAT ON2;FETC:POW:XSL:ABS?2;FETC:POW:XSL:DELT?
1CM2-Sl 126
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Remote ExampleHandoff to GSM
1;CONF:NETW:NSUP GSM1;CONF:NETW:SMOD:BITS PR91;CONF:RXQ:BITS PR91;CONF:BSS:CCH:CHAN 301;CONF:BSS:CCH:LEV -85.01;CONF:BSS:CHAN 621;CONF:BSS:MSL:MTIM 31;CONF:BSS:CSW:TCH:SSL:TIM 31;CONF:MSS:MS:PCL 151;CONF:BSS:LEV:UTIM -85.01;SENS:CORR:LOSS:INP2 0.01;SENS:CORR:LOSS:OUTP2 0.02;CONF:HAND:TARG 'GSM900MSInterCell'2;PROC:SIGN:ACT HANDWHILE 1;SIGN:STAT? <> CEST
Preparation of the GSM cell (every line starting with 1;…)Selecting the target network. Start the handover and query the signalling state inGSM now. Be aware of the secondary address mapping !
1CM2-Sl 127
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CMU200 Application Training, June - 2006
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Glossary
Secpndary Synchronisation ChannelS-SCHSecondary Common Pilot ChannelS-CPICH
Secondary Common Physical Control ChannelS-CCPCHRandom Access ChannelRACHPrimary Synchronisation ChannelP-SCHPhysical Random Access ChannelPRACHPaging Indication ChannelPICH
Physical Downlink Shared Control ChannelPDSCHPrimary Common Pilot ChannelP-CPICHPhysical Common Packet ChannelPCPCHCommon Packet ChannelPCPCHPaging ChannelPCH
Primary Common Physical Control ChannelP-CCPCHPaging Control ChannelPCCHForward Access ChannelFACHDedicated Traffic ChannelDTCHDownlink Shared ChannelDSCHDedicated Physical Data ChannelDPDCHDedicated Physical Control ChannelDPCCHDedicated ChannelDCHDedicated Control ChannelDCCHCommon Traffic ChannelCTCHCommon Packet ChannelCPCHCommon Control ChannelCCCHBroadcast ChannelBCHBroadcast Control ChannelBCCHAccess indication ChannelAICH
1CM2-Sl 128
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Thank you for your attention