China Reunites Chapter 12, Section 1, page 408. Rebuilding China’s Empire – page 409.

China Reunites

Chapter 12, Section 1, page 408

Rebuilding China’s Empire – page 409

Rebuilding China’s Empire – page 409

• Han Dynasty ended A.D. 220• about 300 years of warlords• Sui Dynasty – reunited China under one

emperor in A.D. 581– Wendi general and emperor who founded the Sui

Dynasty– Yangdi – Grand Canal → helped economy – an

organized way in which people produce sell and buy things (rebellion)

The Tang Dynasty – page 411

• Tang Dynasty – in power from A.D. 618 to A.D. 907– “period of brilliance”– Changan – capital– heavy reforms – civil

service exams, land reforms

– Empress Wu – the only woman in Chinese history to rule a country on her own

The Song Dynasty – page 411

• Song Dynasty – ruled from A.D. 960 to A.D. 1279– great period of cultural achievement and prosperity– Reformed civil service examination

The Song Dynasty – page 411

Buddhism Spreads to China – page 413

• harsh times → people looking for relief from suffering

• Buddhism takes root with Tang support• Later, the Tang returned to ideas of Confucius

to reduce the popularity of Buddhism in China.– connections to the family (Buddhist monks not

allowed to marry)

New Confucian Ideas – page 414

• neo-Confucianism– this life just as important as the next– criticized Buddhism but actually picked up some

Buddhist and Daoist beliefs– crosses the line between an ethical belief system and a

religion

Scholar-Officials – page 414

• civil service exams = a bureaucracy based on a merit system– fair?– Students preparing for civil service examinations in

China never did physical work.– harsh study habits

Chinese Society

Chapter 12, Section 2, page 416

A Growing Economy – page 417• Tang provided stability = advancement in agriculture– farming improvements

• irrigation improvements • improved kinds of rice

– roads and waterways = trade growth– trade items

• silk• porcelain – a material made of of clay and baked at high

temperatures• tea• paper• steel

population boom

New Inventions – page 418

• coal and steel– iron + coal = steel (Tang dynasty)– steel used in weapons, stoves, farming equipment, drills,

steel chains, nails, and sewing needles

• printing – A.D. 600s – early attempts– Pi Sheng – invented movable type for printing• Diamond Sutra first printed book

Other Chinese Inventions – page 420

• gunpowder– fire lance

• rudders• sails• compass• and much, much more

Art and Literature – page 420

• Chinese literature during the Tang dynasty often celebrated nature.– Li Bo popular poet during the Tang dynasty.– Duo Fu – poet who wrote about the suffering of the

common people

• painting in the Song dynasty– landscapes with open spaces – portrayal of ideas– calligraphy – art of writing characters beautifully

Chapter 12, Section 2 Questions

Write the following questions and them answer them.1. What products were traded along the Silk Road?2. What product helped the Chinese improve

weapons, farm equipment, and much more?3. What did Tang poetry often focus on?4. Which of the inventions mentioned in this chapter

do you think is most important? Why?

The Mongols in China

Chapter 12, Section 3, page 423

Objectives

After this lesson, students will be able to:• describe how Genghis Khan built the Mongol

Empire, which stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea.

• discuss how the Mongols conquered China and created a new dynasty that traded with the rest of China.

The Mongols – page 424

• Mongols– steppes – the wide rolling grassy plains found in

Asia– nomadic herders of sheep, goats, cattle, horses– tribes – groups of families loosely joined together

The Mongols – page 424

• The Mongols were known for their ability to ride horses and wage war.– harsh surroundings– nomadic lifestyle– tribal warfare– experts with the bow

Who Was Genghis Khan? – page 425

• Genghis Khan– Temujin – rough childhood– united Mongols and conquered

vast amounts of territory– A.D. 1206 – named Genghis Khan

which means “strong ruler”– military innovations

• leaders chosen for their abilities• different way of waging war (terror –

violence meant to scare people into surrendering)

– died 1227

The Mongol Empire – page 426

• The Mongol Empire was the largest continuous land empire in history.– empire divided among his four sons– expansion continued– Pax Mongolica• spread of ideas• trade – Silk Road revived

The Mongol Empire – page 426

Mongol Rule in China – page 428

• Kublai Khan – grandson of Genghis Khan– founded the Yuan dynasty (lasted

about 100 years) in China– challenges

• Mongol language and laws different• Chinese resentment of outside rule

(dominated by Mongol leaders)

– Marco Polo – famous European traveler to China

The Ming Dynasty

Chapter 12, Section 4, page 430

Objectives

After this lesson, students should be able to:• explain how Ming rulers strengthened China’s

government and established peace.• describe how China sent fleets of ships to other

parts of Asia as well as to East Africa.

The Rise of the Ming – page 431

• Yuan dynasty declined• Zhu Yuanzhang founded

the Ming dynasty – took name Hong Wu– cruel and distrustful– son, Yong Le

• moved capital to Beijing• had Forbidden City built

How Did the Ming Reform China? – page 432

• restored the civil service exam

• census – a count of the number of people; taken to accurately collect taxes

• reforestation• paved roads • rebuilt infrastructure• advances in agriculture

Chinese Culture – page 432

• novels – long fictional stories• drama

China Explores the World – page 433

• Zheng He – a voyager during the Ming Dynasty– traveled to India, Southwest Asia,

and as far as East Africa– trade flourished– Confucian conflicts → suspension of

travels and closing of China off from the rest of the world• one exception Portugal made contact

with China in 1514– missionaries – Jesuits– exchange of ideas – clocks, scientific

instruments, eyeglasses

Why Did the Ming Fall? – page

• corruption rampant• Ming dynasty fell in 1644 to the Manchu dynasty