China Collectivism vs Western Individualism

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China Collectivism vs Western Individualism

How big are the cultural differences between East

and West? Before you make the move, click

here to find out more!

How is communication across a cultural divide affected by cultural differences?

More specifically, how is communication affected by a culture’s collective or

individual orientation?

One of the key cultural dimensions as identified by Geert Hofstede is individualism vs.

collectivism. This is referred to as the degree to which individuals in a certain country prefer

acting as individuals rather than as members of groups. This dimension focuses on the

relationship between the individual and the larger social groups.

Cultures vary on the level of emphasis they provide on encouraging uniqueness/

individuality and on interdependence and conformity. Individualistic societies tend to focus more on themselves and the immediate families while collective societies put more emphasis on integration into strong cohesive in-groups which they protect and provide unquestionable loyalty.

Countries like Germany and the US are considered individualistic since they focus more on personal achievements and individual rights. In as much as

group work is important in such societies, everybody has his/ her opinion. The ‘American

Dream’ is a perfect representation for this since it focuses on the people’s hope for a better quality

life with living standards higher than their parents.

It encourages people to pull up their socks and get out of poverty. On the other hand, China

as a collectivistic society encourages more group work and puts more emphasis on strong

relationships between individuals hence the basis of guanxi. To them, the needs of a group

are way more important than individual needs.

Characteristics of Individualistic cultures

Fosters contractual relationships that revolve around the basics of exchange. In such cultures, calculation of the profit or

loss of engaging in a particular behavior is calculated before going for it.

Concentrates more on self and the very dear or near ones as well as

concern with behavioral relationships as well as own

interests, needs and own goals.

More emphasis on personal pleasure, over duties, fun, enjoyment and social norms. They are part of in-groups, but they hardly have any influence on their

lives.

Value independence and self-sufficiency with self-interest placement rather than collective interest. In such

societies, confrontation is an acceptable attribute.

They hold unique beliefs and decisions are made based on individual needs.

Characteristics of Collectivistic Cultures

For maintenance of social harmony among in-group members, the

behavior must subscribe to the social norms established.

More giving up of personal interest and sharing of resources to facilitate the

collective interest.

Before making any major decision must consider the implications to the wider

collective.

Favoritism especially to in-groups including family and friends.

Be a part of few influential in-groups and inclining towards conformity

Increased concern when it comes to in-group members but show indifference

or hostility towards out-group members

Much emphasis on hierarchy and harmony within the group

There are group norms which help in the regulation of behavior.

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