China

ChinaBy Amanda Romero and Donna Fell

A Few DetailsThe highest populated country in the world at

1.4 Bill. peopleLocated in East AsiaSecond largest country in the world by land

area

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Chinese Culture and Holiday Celebrations

Spring Festival – The biggest and most important holiday to the people of China. The New Year.

Mid Autumn Festival – Second biggest celebration. Also called The Moon Festival.

Tomb Sweeping Day- National Holiday. Pay respect to deceased ancestors

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Family

Family and building relationships is the most important in the Chinese Culture

Patrilineal decent systemMuch has changed within the family structure

in China within recent years.

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Religion

Traditional and historical beliefs were atheistNow, Buddhism is the most widely followed

religion.Taoism is second largest Islam is followed in third and finally,

Christianity

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Food Customs

Staples are- Rice, of course! Noodles, dumplings and anything made with flour.

Chinese families like round tables. Soup is out in center for all to share.

Friend eat together many nights of the week.

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Typical Daily Menu

Breakfast – Porridge with vegetables and bunsLunch – Noodle soup, dim sum with rice and

vegetablesDinner – Noodles or rice with chicken or pork

and vegetables and dumplingsLate night snack – Dim sum and porridge

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Counseling

Know your client, find out some history before your first meeting.

Listen. Find out what it is they are looking to get out of your time together.

Be ready for anything. Don’t be easily offended.

For the Chinese, many believe in “face”

Just a Little Extra

Not being a Christian culture, no one says “bless you when you sneeze.”

Many Chinese families and individuals take on Western names when coming to or having dealings with Western countries.”

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Health

Traditional Chinese Diet low in fat and dairy; high in

complex carbs and sodium

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Chinese Accultured U.S. DietHigher in fat, sugar,

cholesterol; lower in complex carbohydrates

Milk and milk products are consumed

More variety in diet

Chinese Health Outcomes in US Obesity/Overweight

Low BMI vs US population Higher for US born Chinese vs foreign-born Chinese BMI underestimates obesity in Chinese Americans

Type 2 Diabetes 60-74% greater risk than whites (adjusted) Every 5 kg increases risk by 84%

Hypertension 17% of Chinese Americans Lower than whites

Other Heart disease 5.6% Cancer is leading cause of death for Chinese Americans

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Wontons - a Traditional Chinese Food Served fried or steamed in soup like dumplings Popular in Cantonese dim sum (“small bites”) Stuffing usually made of pork, shrimp meat,

vegetables, shallot and ginger History

Originated North China, sealed stuffed bun without holes, called “huidon” meaning chaos, renamed

Initially just eaten by poets and royalty Classic Chinese novel Water Margin written 14th Century

Traditions Traditionally eaten in midwinter, started by Dr. Zhang

Zhongjing – medicinal herbs – frostbite Wrapper placed in palm of hand and filled

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Unique Ingredient – Wonton Wrappers (aka wonton skins, spring roll wrapper)

Flattened dough, different thickness and shapes, availability

Can be crispy if fried, slightly chewy if in soupBland flavor can offset complex flavors of filling

and dipping sauces Nutrient profile (4 skins): Kcal 80; Fat 0g; Chol

5mg; Sodium 180mg; Carb 17g; Protein 2g Health implications: neutral(12), (14), (15), (16)

Traditional vs Modified Recipe

Fried Wonton (Pork and Shrimp)

Baked Wonton (Chicken and Vegetables)

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IngredientsFried Wontons

Pork Shrimp Wonton wrappers Egg Sesame oil Corn flour Soy sauce Black pepper Canola oil (for frying)

Baked Wontons

Chicken breast Broccoli, carrot, red pepper Wonton wrapper Egg whites Green onions Corn flour Rice wine Black pepper Dried tarragon Cooking Spray

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Nutrient Profile (serving size = 4 wontons)

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Nutrient Fried Wontons Baked Wontons DifferenceCalories 200.8 119.2 -81.6Protein (g) 9.2 7.2 -2Fiber (g) 0.6 1 0.4Fat (g) 9.5 0.8 -8.7Sat Fat (g) 1.1 0.2 -0.9Chol (mg) 51.4 11.3 -40.1Vit A (mcg) 18.4 54.6 36.2Vit B3 (mg) 3.1 1.9 -1.2Vit B12 (mcg) 0.3 0 -0.3Vit C (mg) 0 9.2 9.2Vit E (mg) 1.5 0.1 -1.4Phos (mg) 106 33.9 -72.1

Sodium (mg) 309.2 211.8 -97.4

References1. People’s Republic of China, Council on Foreign Relations.

www.CFR.org/china. Accessed March 11, 2014.2. Xi Sun, personal communication March 07, 2014.3. Marriage and the Family, China Today. www.ChinaToday.com.

Updated March 1, 2013. Accessed March 11, 2014.4. Chinese family Values. Family.lovetoknow.com/Chinese-

family-values. Accessed March 11, 2014.5. Culture in China, China Unique.

Chinaunique.com/educate/culturehtm. Accessed March 11, 2014.

References, con’t6. Kittler PG, Sucher KP, Nahikian-Nelms M. Food and Culture.

6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning; 2012.7. Shai I, Jiang R, Manson JE, et al. Ethnicity, obesity, and risk of

type 2 diabetes in women: A 20-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29:1585–1590.

8. Barnes PM, Adams PF, Powell-Griner E. Health characteristics of the Asian adult population: United States, 2004–2006. Advance data from vital and health statistics; no 394. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2008.

9. Chen MS. Cancer health disparities among Asian Americans. Cancer. 2005; 104: 2895–2902.

References, con’t 10. Photos taken by Donna Fell on 2/17/14. 11. Shanghai Xinhong Cultural Development Co.Ltd. Cultural China.

http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/html/en/8Kaleidoscope551.html. Accessed March 10, 2014.

12. Future Today Inc. ifood.tv. http://www.ifood.tv/network/wonton. Accessed March 10, 2014.

13. Kho KL. Red cook: Adventures from a Chinese home kitchen. http://redcook.net/2011/04/30/be-adventurous-with-wonton/. Updated April 30, 2011. Accessed March 10, 2014.

14. Persnickety Palate. http://persnicketypalate.com/2008/01/10/skinning-the-wonton/. Accessed March 10, 2014 (cite for photo only).

References, con’t 15. Conjecture Corporation. What are wonton skins?

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-wonton-skins.htm. Accessed March 10, 2014.

16. Nutrition Facts Panel, Frieda’s Won Ton Wrappers. Viewed March 10, 2014.

17. Chinese-traditional-food.com. http://www.chinese-traditional-food.com/fried-wonton.html. Accessed March 10, 2014.

18. Pearson Education. MyDietAnalysiis. http://mydietanalysis.pearsoncmg.com/mda5/. Accessed February 18, 2014.

19. Wikipedia. Forbidden City. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_City. Updated March 13, 2014. Accessed March 13, 2014. (cite is for photo of Forbidden Temple only).