CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. T HERE ARE MULTIPLE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT THAT EVERY INDIVIDUAL WILL GO THROUGH … Stage of Development Approximate Age InfancyBirth.

CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

THERE ARE MULTIPLE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT THAT EVERY INDIVIDUAL WILL GO THROUGH…

Stage of Development

Approximate Age

Infancy Birth -12 monthsToddler 12 months -3

yearsPreschool 3-6 YearsSchool Age 6-12 YearsAdolescent 13-18 Years

AS WE GO THROUGH THESE STAGES, WE WILL CONTINUE TO GROW AND DEVELOP

Growth: A child’s physical increase in size or amount that is easily observed

Development: the ability of a child to do things that are complex and difficult

THERE ARE A VARIETY OF AREAS IN WHICH CHILDREN DEVELOP AND EACH AREA HAS IT

OWN BENEFITS…Development

Description Benefit

Physical Running, Jumping, Rolling Over, making Jigsaw puzzles

Help to develop large muscles and learn to control small muscles of the hand

Intellectual Singing Nursery Rhymes, Stacking Blocks

Allows the brain to take in and process information, organize, learn, and develop language skills

Social-Emotional

Social: Sharing Toys, Playing in Groups, Emotional: Role Playing (Doctor, Parent)

Social: learn to take turns and work together, learn rules and expectations for interacting with othersEmotional: Ability to recognize and understand feelings and how to respond to them

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENTChapter 7, 11, 15

BODY DEVELOPMENT: Everyone will grow at their own pace

based upon, heredity, diet, and health. The more children age the more their

growth slows Infants: they will double their size in one

year, they will have a large head, “Pot Bellied” abdomen” to fit all the organs.

Toddlers: By age two most girls have reached 53% of their adult height, and boys reach 50%, They tend to gain 6 lbs a years and 2-3 inches

Preschoolers: gain 3-5 lbs a years and 2 ½- 3 inches a year, most of the weight gained is from muscle development

BONES AND TEETH

Infants: bones are still cartilage, yet ossification begins occurring to harden bones, baby teeth begin to develop and the baby will begin teething around 5-6 months

Toddlers; Bones are still ossifying, their bones are more flexible and less likely to break, all their baby teeth should be in

Preschool: Bones continue to ossify and grow Baby teeth will begin to fall out, permanent teeth are growing under the gums

OTHER BODY CHANGESToddler: The brain is the

most mature organPreschool:

blood pressure increases

their breathing slows the digestive tract is

still developing so avoid high fiber foods and seasonings

become less chubby and muscles begin to develop, resulting in a slender child

GROSS V. FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Gross: Large Muscles (trunk, Arms, and legs) Fine: Small Muscles

We develop from our center to our extremities, so large motor development takes place,

before they can use their fingers

GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: INFANTS

Head and Neck control (Raise head when on Tummy)

Truck Control: Help baby to roll over(month 5) and Sit (may be supported; unsupported by month 9)

Leg Control: Crawl (7 Months), Stand ( first with support then on their own 12-14 months), Cruising (With Support)

http://www.babycenter.com/2_baby-on-the-move-sitting_1487307.bc

GROSS MOTOR: TODDLERS Walking

2-3 months after their first birthdayOften stand with feet apart for more support,

turn their feet outward and flex their kneesSome walk on their tip toesThey stagger a lot because it is hard to balance

with their large headsTheir stride is half of that of an adult, they take

170 steps per minute Running:

begins around 2 they often run with their arms up or out they cannot start or stop quickly

GROSS MOTOR: TODDLERS

Jumping: Begins when stepping off stuff

at 18 months At age two begin jump off low

objects with 2 feet Often swing arms backward,

instead of forward. Climbing

Begins when they crawl Will climb furniture and steps Occurs sooner in courageous

babies

GROSS MOTOR: TODDLERS

Throwing Often throw by accident (drop an object

when swinging arms) They often enjoy seeing the objects move

and the sound it makes when it lands Planned throwing starts around year one The begin throwing from a sitting position,

but will eventually begin to throw from a standing position

Catching At one year, they often “catch” by

squatting down to pick up the object At 2 years the child will bend at the waist

to pick it up At 2-3 years the child will stand still with

their arms extended, and may even close their eyes.

GROSS MOTOR: PRESCHOOL

They have better hand eye coordination and a better reaction time

They can balance on one foot and walk in a straight line without falling

They can run faster and alternate arms They can catch balls that are bounced to

them They can hop (on one foot or in a rhythmic

pattern) and skip They can rotate their body and shift their

weight, which improve their throwing distance, speed and accuracy

Gross Motor Activity

Get together in groups of 3 or 4 Looking at all the Gross Motor Skills that

children must develop. Choose an age group Choose 2 skills you would like the baby to

practice Develop one game or activity you could do

with the child to develop these skills What supplies would you need for your

activity or game? How would you explain the game? How do you play the game?

FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: INFANTS

Voluntary grasping, infants only bat at objects with their hands in the beginning, but eventually use their thumb and fingers to grasp

FINE MOTOR: TODDLER

Often dependent on hand eye coordination By the end of the 1st year babies can hold

objects between their thumb and index finger Between 12 and 18 months

toddlers can hold spoons, feed themselves, and drink from cups

They can also hold pens and pencils Remove hats and shoes Insert objects in holes Turn pages in books

FINE MOTOR: Toddler

Between 18 months and 2 years they can string beads on cords Turn pages on a book one at a time Open doors Hold crayons with a thumb on one side and

fingers on the other By two years

They show a hand preference They will have a definite preference by age 7or 8 95 % of people are right handed

Get out a sheet of paper write your name with your non-dominant

hand, with your eyes closed Next, write your name with your non-

dominant hand, but look at your writing this time

Next, write your name with your dominate hand.

FINE MOTOR: PRESCHOOLER Age 3

Build uneven towers of blocks Pour water from a pitcher Copies a circle with some skill Draw a straight line

Age 4 cuts on a line with scissors Wash their hands Copy a letter t and make a few other letters

Age 5 fold paper along a diagonal Copy squares and triangles and trace diamond

shapes Lace shoes and tie them Copy most letters

HOW CAN YOU HELP YOUR CHILD DEVELOP SUCESSFULLY?