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;f]dM xf], jf:tjdf d afn>dsf] lj/f]wL g} x'F . t/ pm afn>lds xf]Og

lsgls p;n] sfd u/]afkt xfdLn] s]xL klg ltg{' kb}{g . d]/L >LdtL

Hofb} sdnf] dgsL l5g\ . c?sf] b'Mv k6Ss} b]Vg ;lSbgg\ . cl:tsf]

kfnL dfOtL uPsf] a]nf pgLx¿sf] b'Mv b]Vg g;s]/ NofPsL x'g\ .

xl/M d}n] p;nfO{ efG;fsf]7fdf efF8fs'F8f dfem\b}, s'rf] nufpFb} u/]sf]b]v]sf] lyPF .

;f]dM xf], :jefj}n] p;n] d]/L >LdtLnfO{ 3/sf] sfdwGbfdf ;3fpk3fp

u5]{ .

153/]n' afn>d kl/ro

xl/M s] pm :s'n hfG5] t <

;f]dM cxF, :s'n t hfGg .

xl/M Tof] gfgLn] /flt slt ah];Dd sfdwGbf u5]{ t <

;f]dM yf]/} hfxfg 5 . w]/} ;do;Dd sxfF ug'{k5{ / . ToxL /flt !)ah];Dd t xf] lg .

xl/M km'RrLsf] lgwf/df Pp6f 6'6'Nsf] klg b]v]sf] lyPF . s] ePsf] xF <

;f]dM Tof] vf; s]xL xf]Og, To;} lbg laxfg sfd ug{ clns l9nf] u/L eg]/ d]/L>LdtLn] o;f] Ps yKk8 xfGbf n8]/ lgwf/df 6'6'Nsf] p7]sf] xf]] .

larf/ ug'{xf];\

!= dflysf] ;+jfbaf6 s] a'em\g'eof] <

@= xl/n] cfkm"nfO{ ;3fpgsf nflu NofOPsL aflnsf afn>lds xf] lsxf]Og < s;/L <

#= xf], eg] s:tf] lsl;dsf] afn>d xf] < of] lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>dxf] ls xf]Og <

$= o:tf] lsl;dsf sfd ug]{ afnaflnsfx¿ tkfO{+ x¿sf] 3/, 8]/f jl/kl/klg 5g\ ls <

%= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ s;nfO{ eGg] <

^= lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d s]nfO{ eGg] <

&= cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] k9fO, :jf:Yo glau|g] u/L cfkm\gf]3/df ul/g] sfdwGbf l;sfpg], u/fpg] sfo{ afn>d xf] jf xf]Og < lsg <


b'O{afn>d, 3/]n' afn>d / o;sf] k[i7e"ld

>d s] xf] <

>d eg]sf] dflg;n] ljz]if u/L hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{ cyjf s]xL sdfpgsf nflu

ul/g] sfd xf] . >d cfly{s k|of]hgsf] nflu tyf ;]jf pTkfbg ug{ k|of]u ul/G5 .

>dsf] d"No x'G5 . of] pTkfbgsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;fwg xf] . >d zf/Ll/s /

dfgl;s b'j} lsl;dsf] x'G5 .

afn>d s] xf] <

afn>dsf nflu If]qLo sfo{;d"x -cf/8An'hL–l;Pn_n] u/]sf] kl/efiffcg';f/ !*

jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfåf/f pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, af}l4s, g}lts

tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df gsf/fTds k|efj kg]{ u/L tyf pgLx¿sf] lzIff k|fKt

ug]{ clwsf/ s'l07t x'g] u/L ul/g] sfd g} afn>d xf] .

afnsfd s] xf] <

afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s ljsf;df gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ u/L pgLx¿sf]

;fdflhsLs/0f ug{, ;Lkx¿ l;Sg l;sfpgsf nflu tyf afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f

x'g] u/L cfkm\g} 3/df, jf ljBfnodf jf ;dfhdf u/fOg] sfd afn>d xf]Og .

o:tf sfdx¿n] afnclwsf/;DaGwL s'g} klg cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿n] ;'lglZrt

u/]sf clwsf/x¿dfly x:tIf]k ub}{gg\ .

173/]n' afn>d kl/ro

afnsfd / afn>ddf km/s

afn>d

afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s,;fhdflhs ljsf;df c;/ ub{5 .

afnaflnsfx? lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ tyfzf]if0faf6 ;'/lIft x'Fb}gg\ .

afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjfgfsf]plrt sb/ ul/+b}g .

afnsfd

afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s,;fhdflhs ljsf;df c;/ ub}{g .

afnaflnsfx? lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ tyfz]fif0faf6 ;'/lIft x'G5g\ .

afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjfgfsf]plrt sb/ ul/Psf] x'G5 .

hf]lvdo'Qm afn>d eg]sf] s] xf] <

lgDg k|s[ltsf sfdx¿ hf]lvdo'Qm afn>dleq kb{5g\ M

;fgf] pd]/, nfdf] ;dofjlwsf] sfd,

ux|f}+ ef/L p7fpg] sfd

w]/} sfd lagf bfd jf yf]/} bfd

g lzIff g cf/fd

Psf]xf]/f] / lbSsnfUbf] sfd

sfdsf] nflu vt/gfs jftfj/0f,

ha/h:tL ug'{kg]{ sfd

x/avt lgolGqt jftfj/0fdf /x]/ ug'{kg]{ sfd

of}gzf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/df kg{;Sg] l:ylt

bL3{ hLjgdf c;/ kg]{ ;Defjgf

aFw'jf afn>d

afn;}Godf egf{

of}gJofkf/, nfu"cf}ifw pTkfbg tyf cf];f/k;f/df nufOg] sfd


3/]n' >d s] xf] <

t]>f] JolQmsf] 3/df uP/ jo:s jf sfd ug]{ pd]/ k'u]sf afnaflnsfx¿af6

/f]huf/Lsf] ¿kdf ul/g] 3/leqsf sfdx¿nfO{ g} 3/]n' >d elgG5, h;leq 3/

;kmf ug]{, eft ksfpg] efF8f dfem\g], n'uf w'g], ldnfpg], k6\ofpg], kfgL cf];fg]{, cfO/g

nufpg], 3/sf afnaflnsfnfO{ :s'n k'¥ofpg] / Nofpg] cflb sfdx¿ kb{5g\, h;nfO{

/fHosf] sfg'gn] /f]huf/Lsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] jf gu/]sf] klg x'g;S5 .

dlxnf / k'?ifaLr /x]sf] c;dfgtf tyf k'?ifk|wfg ;dfhsf] sf/0fn] 3/]n' >ddf

a9L dlxnfx¿ ;+nUg x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . dflys} sf/0fn] 3/]n' >dnfO{ dlxnf :jo+n]

g} ædlxnfx¿n] ug]{ sfdÆ, æc?eGbf ;'/lIft sfdÆ sf] ¿kdf x]g]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .

/fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] b[li6n] jo:sx¿sf] nflu 3/]n' >d u}/sfg'gL sfd xf]Og .

of] sfdnfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ xf]Og a? lgoldt jf sfg'g;Ddt agfpg'kb{5 . o;}n]

jo:s 3/]n' >ldsx¿n] >d;Fu ;DalGwt lgodx¿ h:t} >dsf] sfof{jlw, tna,

ladf, :jf:Yof]krf/, k]G;g, labf, cf/fd / tflndsf] cj;/, ;+u7g ug{ kfpg]

:jtGqtf, sfdsf] nflu lnlvt ;Demf}tf ug{ kfpg'kg]{ h:tf clwsf/sf] nflu cfjfh

p7fpg] clwsf/ 5 . t/ c;+ul7t If]qdf sfd ug]{ x'gfn] r'gf}tLx¿ w]/} 5g\ . jo:s

3/]n' >ldsx¿ klg a]rlavgdf kg]{, ha/h:tL sfd ug{ afWo x'g'kg]{ cyjf C0f

ltg{sf nflu afFwf >lds aGg'kg]{, dlxnfx¿sf] ;jfndf oL nufotsf cltl/Qm

of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/df kg'{kg]{ hf]lvdx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ .

3/]n' afn>d s]nfO{ eGg] <

sfg'gåf/f dfGotfk|fKt sfd ug]{ pd]/ gk'u]sf jf ;f]eGbf sd pd]/sf

afnaflnsfx¿ t]>f] JolQm jf /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/]n' sfdwGbfdf ;+nUg x'g] sfo{nfO{

g} 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 .

s:tf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d eGg] <

sfg'gåf/f dfGotfk|fKt sfd ug]{ pd]/eGbf sd pd]/sf jf ;f] pd]/ k'u]sf

afnaflnsfx¿ bf;, bf;h:tf] Jojxf/ jf afFwf >d, ha/h:tL >d, a]rlavg

tyf of}g zf]if0f jf b'Jo{jxf/df k/L lzIff, :jf:Yo, g}ltstfdf uDeL/ lsl;dsf]

c;/ kg]{ cj:yfdf t]>f] JolQm jf /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/]n' sfdwGbfdf ;+nUg x'g]

sfo{nfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 .

193/]n' afn>d kl/ro

3/]n' afn>dsf] k[i7e"ld

3/]n' afn>d ;+;f/s} k|frLgtd k]zf xf] . k/Dk/fut ¿kn] g} afnaflnsfx¿o; k]zfdf ;+nUg x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\, h;sf] k|df0fsf] ¿kdf ;+;f/el/ k|rlntnf]ssyfx¿nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . cf}Bf]lus ljsf; x'g'eGbf cufl8sf ;dfhdfdflg;sf] b}lgs hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu vfBfGg pTkfbg, kfgL / OGwgsf] Joj:yfug]{ sfdsf] ef/ lgs} af]lemnf] x'g] uYof]{] . afnaflnsfx¿ :jefj}n] cfkm\gfcfdfx¿nfO{ o:tf sfdx¿df ;3fpg] ub{y] . To;a]nfb]lv clxn];Dd klg of]qmd hf/L 5 . o;}n] o; k|s[ltsf] sfdnfO{ ;dfGo lzIff bLIffs} ¿kdf lnOg]u/]sf] 5 .

;dfh ljsf;sf] qmddf ;+o'Qm kl/jf/x¿ Psn kl/jf/df ablnFb} uP h;n] ubf{3/fo;L sfdwGbfsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vof klg sd x'Fb} uP .o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] 3/fo;L sfdwGbfsf nflu c? JolQmx¿sf] ;xof]ulng yfn] . of] qmd xfn;Dd klg hf/L 5 .

w]/}h;f] ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿ hxfF lzIff tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿sf] sdL, Go"gcfDbfgL cflbsf] sf/0faf6 w]/} kl/jf/x¿ ul/aLsf] df/df k/]sf] x'gfn] pgLx¿hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu s]xL cfDbfgL ug{] pkfosf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] l:ylt / csf{lt/s]xL ;DkGg 3/ kl/jf/sf dflg;x¿sf] 3/df 3/fo;L sfdwGbf ug{sf] nflu;xof]u ug]{ dflg;sf] vfFrf] eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf b'j} kIfsf] cfjZostfsf] d]naf63/]n' >d Pp6f k]zfsf] ¿kdf :yflkt x'Fb} uof] . c;dfg 9+un] ljsf; eO/x]sf];fdflhs ljsf;n] cGo k|sf/sf] afn>d h:t} 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] dfu / k"lt{kIfnfO{ cem a9fpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klg sdf/fsdf/L /fVg] k|yf ;Fu;Fu} afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ c?sf]3/df cGo sfdsf] ;fy} 3/]n' sfdwGbfdf nufpg yflnPsf] kfOG5 . bf;bf;Lx¿

bf;dflnssf lghL ;DklQ ePsf]n] bf;bf;Lsf ;f/f kl/jf/n] g} dflnssf]

OR5fcg';f/ sfd ug'{kb{Yof] . /f0ff k|wfgdGqL rGb«zdz]/sf] kfnfdf sdf/fsdf/L/fVg] k|yf t ;dfKt eof] t/ dflg;n] dflg;nfO{ ug]{ zf]if0f ;dfKt ePg, s]jn

o;sf] ¿k dfq ablnof] . kmn:j¿k sd}of, xlnof k|yf h:tf k|yfx¿ rngdf

cfP . o; k|yfdf hldGbf/sf] 3/df sd}of a:g]n] p;sL >LdtL, 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿;a}nfO{ hldGbf/sf 3/kl/jf/sf] ;]jfdf nufpg' kb{Yof] . 5f]/fx¿ uf]7fnf a:g] /

cfdf tyf 5f]/Lx¿ rflx+ sdn/L eP/ hldGbf/sf] 3/sf] 3/wGbf ug{'kb{Yof] . >L

% sf] ;/sf/n] @)%& ;fn ;fpg @ df sd}ofx¿ d'Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . t/


xlnof k|yf, aFw'jf >d k|yf, u}jf/, e};jf/ a:g] tyf cGo k|sf/sf] afn>dsf]k|rngsf] ;fy} 3/]n' afn>lds /fVg] rng sfod} 5 . hldGbf/sf] 3/df a;]sfxnLn] cfly{s b'/fj:yfsf sf/0f cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿sf] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ af]emsd ug{sf nflu c?sf] 3/df /flvlbg] ub{5g\ . g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwfeGbfa9L hg;+Vofsf] cfly{s l:ylt sdhf]/ ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ u|fdL0f tyf ;x/LIf]qdf km}lnPsf] ul/aL g} cGo k|sf/sf] afn>dsf] cltl/Qm 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿pTkfbg ug]{ d"n s/0f ag]sf] 5 . o:t} ;z:q ;+3if{sf] sf/0faf6 ePsf] lj:yfkgtyf lj>[+vlnt kfl/jfl/s l:yltn] klg 3/]n' afn>d pTkfbg ug]{ sfddf e"ldsfv]ln/x]sf] 5 .

3/]n' afn>dsf] k|s[lt M

3/]n' afn>d;DaGwL ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L kfpg sl7g x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf]afn>d c;+ul7t If]qdf x'G5 hals snsf/vfgf, oftfoft, xf]6]nnufotcGo :yfgx¿df k|of]u ePsf afn>dsf] cfd dflg;x¿sf] ;Dks{df /x]sf]n];a}sf] hfgsf/Ldf x'G5 t/ 3/]n' afn>d aGb 3/leq ul/g] x'gfn] o;af/]dfhfgsf/L kfpg sl7g ePsf] xf], h;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf]tYofÍ ;+sng ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 .

3/]n' sfdwGbf cgf}krfl/s k]zf ePsf]n] o; If]qdf sfo{/t >ldsx¿sf]tYofÍ vf]lh+b}g . 3/]n' sfdwGbfnfO{ sfdsf] ¿kdf x]g]{ ul/+b}g . sfd ug{sfnflu /flvPsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ pgLx¿s} lxtsf nflu dflnsn]bofdfofsf] e/df /flvPsf] h:tf] cy{ nfUg] u/L k|:t't ul/g] x'gfn] dflnsnfO{/f]huf/bftf / sfd ug]{nfO{ >ldssf] ¿kdf x]g]{ ul/+b}g .

3/]n' >dsf] sfo{:yn JolQmut 3/leq x'g] x'gfn] sf/vfgf tyf o:tf cGok|sf/sf] afn>dsf] t'ngfdf o; k|sf/sf] afn>ddf s'g} ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿sf]b[li6 kl//x]sf] x'Fb}g . o;}n] 3/]n' afn>dsf] cg'udg ug]{ cfjZostf g}dx;'; ul/Psf] x'Fb}g .

cfd ¿kdf !@ b]lv !& jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ o; >ddf k|of]u ug]{ul/G5 t/ s}of}+ afn>ldsx¿ &÷* jif{s} pd]/b]lv o; If]qdf sfo{/t x'g]u/]sf] kfOG5 .

3/]n' afn>dnfO{ tNnf] txsf] >dsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . h'g s'/f unt xf] .

/f]huf/bftf / afn>ldssf] kIfaLr df}lvs ;Demf}tf x'G5, sfof{jlw, s]–s]sfd ug]{ / cf/fd sltv]/ ug]{ eGg] af/]df s'g} lglZrttf x'Fb}g . ;j{dfGo *306] sfof{jlw oxfF nfu" ePsf] x'Fb}g .

213/]n' afn>d kl/ro

clwsf+z 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ k"0f{sfnLg >ddf ;+nUg x'G5g\, k"0f{sfnLg 3/]n'

afn>ldsx¿ dflnssf] k|ToIf lgu/fgLdf x'G5g\ / ;fx|} sd :jtGqtfsf]

pkef]u ug{ kfPsf x'G5g\ cyjf pgLx¿nfO{ km';{bsf] ;do cToGt sd x'G5 .

3/]n' sfdwGbfnfO{ dlxnfn] ug]{ sfdsf] ¿kdf x]g]{ ul/G5 . clwsf+z w]/}h;f]

cfdfafa'n] s]6Ln] 3/sf] sfd ug}{ kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /fVg] ub{5g\ . To;}n]

ljZjdf sl/a () k|ltzt 3/]n' afn>lds s]6Lx¿ /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿dWo]

w]/}h;f]dfly of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . s]6Lx¿ zfGt :jefjsf

x'G5g\, sfd 5f]8]/ efUg] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; ul/g] ePsf]n]

s]6Lx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf /fVg] ul/G5 .

sfdsf] k|s[ltsf sf/0fn] o:tf] afn>ddf nfUg afWo ePsf afnaflnsfx¿

sd pd]/sf, kLl8t, k9\g] cj;/af6 al~rt / cfTdanxLgtfsf] l;sf/

ePsf x'G5g\, h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k JolQmTj ljsf;df cj/f]w l;h{gf ePsf]

x'G5 .

w]/}h;f] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ tna lbOFb}g, lbP klg Hofb} sd dfqfdf lbOg]

ul/G5 . tna lbOP klg ;f] tna afn>ldsn] k|of]u ug{ kfpFb}g .

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ k|foM u/]/ vf; Onfsf, jf hftLo ;d"xaf6 NofOg] ul/G5 .

o;/L NofOPsf afn>ldsx¿dfly /f]huf/bftfsf kl/jf/n] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/

ug]{ ub{5g\ . vfg]s'/fx¿df ul/g] e]befjn] s'kf]if0fsf] l;sf/ x'g] ;Defjgf

k|an x'G5 .

k|foM h;f] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ / pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/aLrsf] ;DaGw 6'6]sf] x'G5 .

pgLx¿sf] ;fyL agfpg] cyjf ;fyL;+uL;Fu p7a; ug]{, v]Ng] cj;/ Hofb}

sd dfq kfPsf x'G5g\ .

3/]n' sfdwGbfsf nflu s'g} ljz]if tflndsf] h?/L kb}}{g, ;fdfGo /]vb]vdf

cEof; ub}{ l;Sb} hfg ;lsG5 .

3/]n' afn>dnfO{ xNsf lsl;dsf] sfdsf] ¿kdf lnOg] u/]sf] x'gfn] o;

sfddf nfUg] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ >ldssf] ¿kdf gx]/L ;xof]uL afnaflnsfsf]

¿kdf x]l/G5 .


3/]n' sfdwGbfcGt/ut sfd ug]{ ;do / k|s[lt Psgf;sf] x'Fb}g .

o; k|sf/sf] >dnfO{ ;dfhn] ;xh ¿kn] :jLsf/]sf] x'G5 .

3/]n' afn>d bf;Tjsf] cfw'lgs ¿k xf] .

o;df afnaflnsfx¿ a]rlavgdf kg]{ ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .

3/]n' >ddf hLjg g} latfP klg cGo ;Lkx¿ l;Sg] cj;/ k|fKt gx'g] x'gfn]eljiodf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ s]jn el/of, s'NnL h:tf an k|of]u u/]/ ug]{t/ cfDbfgL rflxF sd x'g] lsl;dsf sfdx¿ dfq ug{;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 .

k|foM h;f] /f]huf/bftfx¿n] 3/]n' afn>ldsnfO{ kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] ¿kdfx]/]sf x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ >d ug]{ ;fwgsf] ¿kdf x]g]{ ul/Psf] x'G5 . p;leqpTkfbgzLn Ifdtf ePsf]n] hlt;Sbf] a9L pkef]u ug]{ ;f]rfO x'G5 . o;}n]pgLx¿dfly cToflws sfdsf] af]em af]sfpg] ul/G5 .

3/]n' sfdwGbfdf hLp Hofg hf]lvddf kg{;Sg] ;Defjgfx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ . xftsf6\g], cfuf]n] kf]Ng], s/]06 nfUg] h:tf b'3{6gfx¿ x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5g\ .

3/]n' afn>dsf nflu s;}s;}n] wd{k'q, wd{k'qL ;d]t /fVg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>daf/] yk hfgsf/L

bf;k|yf h:t} cEof;

s]xL /f]huf/bftfx¿ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ bf; ;/x Jojxf/ ub{5g\ . pgLx¿3/]n' afn>ldsnfO{ JolQmut ;DklQ 7fGb5g\ . s'g} k|sf/sf] clwsf/sf] pkef]uug]{ l:ylt x'Fb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/af6 sxL+ hfg lbOFb}g .pgLx¿ /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/sf s'g} vf; :yfgx¿ h:t} efG;f3/afx]s cGoq hfg]cg'dlt x'Fb}g .

3/sf /f]huf/bftfsf kl/jf/ gePsf] a]nf afn>ldsx¿ gefu"g\ eg]/ pgLx¿nfO{3/sf] sf]7f jf lglZrt If]qdf aGb ul/G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf /xg] 3/]n' afn>lds/ /f]huf/bftfaLrsf] ;DaGw sfd tyf ;]jfsf nflu dfq x'G5 . tna gfd

233/]n' afn>d kl/ro

dfqsf] x'G5 jf lbOFb}g . afn>ldsx¿ a]rlavgdf klg k/]sf x'g;S5g\ . pgLx¿C0f ltg{sf] nflu 3/]n' afn>ddf nfu]sf x'G5g\ jf o:tf] k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ha/h:tL >d ug{ afWo agfOG5 . /ftlbg 8/ qf;df afFRg'kg]{ x'G5 .

ufnLunf}h s'6lk6 tyf qm'/ Jojxf/

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] /f]huf/bftfx¿af6 ;–;fgf uNtLx¿df klg ufnL s'6fOvfg'kb{5 . o; qmddf sltko afn>ldsx¿nfO{ tftf] j:t'n] 8fldlbg], tftf]kfgL vGofOlbg] h:tf qm'/ oftgfx¿ klg lbOPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . oL ;a} s'/f/f]huf/bftfsf] kl/jf/n] :jefljs ¿kn] lnO/x]sf x'G5g\ .

w]/}h;f] o:tf oftgfx¿ /f]huf/bftfsf] kl/jf/sf dlxnfaf6 x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf]5 . lsgls 3/]n' wGbfsf] af/]df /]vb]v ug]{ lhDdf dlxnfsf] x'G5 . cg';Gwfgx¿af6yfxf ePcg';f/ afn>ldsx¿n] o; k|sf/sf] oftgf cfkm\gf] kl/jf/df x'FbfslxNo} b]v]sf x'Fb}gg\ . /f]huf/bftfx¿n] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ gfd lauf/]/af]nfpg], xf]Rofpg], x]Kg] h:tf Jojxf/x¿nfO{ t ;fdfGo ¿kdf lnPsf x'G5g\ .

of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/

3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg ePsf s]6Lx¿n] o; k|sf/sf] zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf];fdgf ug'{ kb{5 . sxL+–sxL+ s]6fx¿dfly klg o; k|sf/sf] Jojxf/ ePsf]kfOPsf] 5 . Pn ;fNef8f]/df ul/Psf] Ps cg';Gwfgcg';f/ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg^^=$ k|ltzt s]6Lx¿dWo] clwsf+zn] o; k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ePsf] s'/f atfPsf5g\ . To:t} xfd|f] b]zdf klg !$ k|ltzteGbf a9L 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] cfk"mx¿of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . /f]huf/bftf / afn>ldsx¿aLrsf]zlQm ;DaGwsf] sf/0f s]6Lx¿dfly 3/sf jo:s dflg;x¿af6 o; lsl;dsf]Jojxf/ x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . jo:sx¿ s]6Lx¿eGbf 7"nf / alnof x'g] ePsf]n]7"nfx¿n] ug]{ o; k|sf/sf] zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf] 8/qf;sf] sf/0f klg s]6Lx¿n]afWo eP/ ;fdgf ug]{ u/]sf x'G5g\ . s]6Lx¿dfly ul/g] of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{axf//f]huf/bftfsf 3/sf k'?ifx¿sf] cltl/Qm, 3/df cfpg] kfx'gfx¿af6, jNnf3/kNnf3/lt/sf jo:s 3/]n' >ldsx¿af6 klg x'g;S5 .

o:t} sltko /f]huf/bftfx¿n] 3/]n' >ldsx¿sf] nflu eg]/ 5'§} 3/ agfPsf

x'G5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf c? 3/]n' >ldsx¿af6 of}g zf]if0f jf b'Jo{axf/ x'g;Sg]

;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .


o; qmddf s]6Lx¿n] ue{ af]Sg] l:ylt klg cfpg;S5 . o:tf] l:yltdf /f]huf/bftfn]

pgLx¿nfO{ 3/af6 lgsflnlbg] / slxn]sfFxL ;8sdf cfpg afWo x'g] l:ylt klg

l;h{gf x'G5 . lsgls ue{ af]s]sf] v08df To:tf s]6Lsf] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/n] klg

pgnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{;S5 . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k pgL of}g Jofkf/df ;+nUg x'g

afWo x'g'kg]{ kl/j]z tof/ x'G5 .

zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s ¿kn] ue{wf/0f ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; geO;s]sf]

l:yltdf ha/h:tL ue{ af]Sbf of}g /f]ux¿ ;g{ ;Sg] tyf nfh, 8/, ck/fwaf]wsf]

sf/0f dfgl;s ¿kdf ljlIfKt x'g;Sg] / csfn d[To' x'g] ;Defjgf;d]t x'G5 .

3/]n' afn>dsf] nflu afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg

3/]n' >ddf nufpg] p2]Zon] afnaflnsfnfO{ Ps 7fpF, ufpF, jf b]zaf6 csf]{

7fpF, ;x/ jf b]zdf cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ ul/G5 eg] Tof] a]rlavgdf k/]sf] l:ylt xf] .

ljz]if u/L ufpFaf6 s}of}+ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' >dsf] nflu ;x/df n}hfg]

ul/G5 . ;x/df x'g] 3/]n' afn>ldssf] dfusf] sf/0f ufpF3/af6 afnaflnsfx¿

a]rlavgdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

a]rlavg Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf klg x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfnaf6 ef/tlt/,

a+unfb]zaf6 kfls:tfg, c/a d'n'sx¿lt/ clk|msL d'n'sx¿ a]lgg, a'ls{gf kmf;f],

Sofd?g, cfOe/L sf]i6, u'Ogf, 3fgf, dfnL, gfOh]l/ofnufotsf d'n'sx¿ Ps

csf]{df afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L blIf0f

cd]l/sf tyf Sof/]laog d'n'sx¿sf afnaflnsf cd]l/sf tyf Sofgf8fdf d"ntM

3/]n' afn>ds} nflu a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o'/f]k]nL d'n'slt/

klg 3/]n' >ldsx¿sf] dfu ePsf]n] ljleGg b]zx¿sf ;}of}+ afnaflnsfx¿

ljleGg 9+uaf6 a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/df kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

3/]n' >ddf x'g] cGo hf]lvdx¿

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; g+= !() cg';f/ 3/ tyf cGo ;kmfOsf

nflu k|of]u ul/g] /;fogx¿sf] plrt 9+un] k|of]u ug{ ghfGbf, 3/leq tyf

253/]n' afn>d kl/ro

au}+rflt/ k|of]u ul/g] sltko cf}+hf/ tyf d]lzgx¿ rnfpg ghfGbf jf 3/]n'

afn>ldssf] IfdtfeGbf aflx/sf ;/;dfgx¿sf] k|of]u ubf{ b'36{gf x'g;Sg]

;+efjgf k|z:t x'G5 .

efG;f3/leq xfjf lgsf;sf nflu /fd|f] k|aGw jf EoflG6n];g gePsf] l:ylt

x'g;S5 . o;af6 sf]7fsf] tfkqmd a9\g uO{ z/L/nfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg ;S5 . hf8f]

dlxgfdf lr;f]df sfd ug{'kg]{ x'g;S5 . oL ;a} cj:yfx¿nfO{ ljZj :jf:Yo

;+u7gn] c:j:ys/ :yfgsf] ¿kdf 7fg]sf] / o:tf] 7fpFdf sfd ug]{ s'/fnfO{

JolQmsf] clwsf/dflysf] pNn+3gsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .

o:t} lzIffaf6 al~rt x'g'k/]sf] s'/faf6 afnaflnsfx¿dfly kg]{ bL3{sfnLg

gsf/fTds k|efjsf] sf/0f afn>ldsx¿sf] efjL lk+9L;Dd;d]t ul/aLsf] b'irqmdf

km:g;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 .

3/]n' afn>dsf] sf/0f / kl/0ffdx¿

3/]n' afn>dsf sf/0fx¿

kl/jf/sf] ul/aL÷a]/f]huf/L tyf afn ul/aL,

clzIff, cr]tgf, 3/]n' afn>ddf x'g] hf]lvdk|ltsf] cgle1tf

s'g} ljz]if tflnd grflxg] / ;fdfGo l;sfOaf6 g} l;Sg ;lsg]

;:tf] >d

;lhnf];Fu nufpg ;lsg] >d÷ljb|f]x ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf

a9\bf] hg;+Vof

;z:q ;+3if{÷;fdflhs c;'/Iff÷lj:yfkg

c;dfg ;fdflhs ljsf;

;j{;'ne tyf u'0f:t/o'Qm lzIffsf] cefj

kfl/jfl/s lx+;f

kfl/jfl/s ljrng÷ljof]u

;x/L /demdsf] cfsif{0f


;x/L Jo:ttf

3/]n' afn>lds /fVg' ;fdflhs OHht / k|lti7fsf] ljifo aGg'

u|fdL0f If]qsf s'nLgx¿ / ;x/jf;Lx¿df a9]sf] ;'ljwfef]uL k|j[lQ

;fdflhs lnËe]b

k|efjsf/L sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf] cefj

3/]n' afn>dsf kl/0ffd

lzIffaf6 al~rt afnaflnsf

s'kf]lift afnaflnsf

cToGt ;fg} pd]/b]lv sfddf ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ afWotf

afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavgdf a[l4

:jtGqtf u'dfpg] l:ylt

of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/

afnfkg pkef]u ug{] cj;/ gkfpg]

cfTdanxLg afnaflnsfx¿sf] ljsf;

cToflws sfdsf] af]em af]Sg'kg]{ tyf nfdf] ;dofjlw;Dd sfd ug'{kg]{

l:ylt

JolQmut klxrfg la;{g] l:ylt

ufnLunf}h tyf zf/Ll/s lx+;fsf] l;sf/

rf]6k6s tyf b'3{6gf x'g] ;Defjgf

afnclwsf/af6 al~rt afnaflnsf

bf;k|yf h:t} cEof;sf] lg/Gt/tf

cbIf gful/s pTkfbg

273/]n' afn>d kl/ro

3/]n' afn>daf6 l;lh{t ul/aLsf] s'rqm

g]kfndf 3/]n' >dsf] k|efj

PlzofnL d'n'sx¿df g]kfndf klxnf] k6s cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g / afn>d

pGd"ngsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sfo{qmd -cfOPncf]–cfOk]s_n] lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d

pGd"ng ug{sf] nflu ;doj4 sfo{qmd nfu" u/]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdn] 3/]n'

afn>dnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;d]6\g] sfd u/]sf] 5, ;fy} o;n] aFw'jf afn>lds

/ afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿nfO{ klg ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 .

cfOPncf]–cfOk]sn] ;g\ @))! df g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df08f}df P ¥oflk8

Pl;:d]G6 ;e]{ u/]sf] lyof] . o;n] ;e]{sf] qmddf /fhwfgLsf] * j6f j8fnfO{

;d]6\g] u/L nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn, afn>ldsx¿ nufot k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu

cGt/jftf{, cjnf]sg / @ xhf/, @ ;o #& j6f 3/df 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd u/L

tYofÍ ;+sng u/]sf] lyof] . o; cg';Gwfgcg';f/ oL 3/x¿df $ ;o @) hgf

afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg ePsf] kfOof] . o;/L x]bf{ k|To]s % j6f

3/dWo] Pp6fn] afn>ldsx¿ /fVg] u/]sf] s'/f cg';Gwfgn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . k|foM

wgf8\o 3/x¿n] ! hgf k"0f{sfnLg 3/]n' >lds /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;du|df eGbf

/fhwfgL sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsfdf dfq !% jif{d'lgsf sl/a @@ xhf/

afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf !* jif{d'lgsf 3/]n'

>ldsx¿ s'n *# xhf/ /x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] sl/a $@ xhf/ ^ ;o &$ hgf !$

jif{ jf ;f] d'lgsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ 5g\ .


b g]kfn ¥oflk8 Pl;:d]G6n] !* jif{d'lgsf #&* hgf afnaflnsfsf] ;j]{If0f

u/]sf] lyof] . o; ;j]{If0fcg';f/ tLdWo] @ ltxfO !) b]lv !$ jif{;Ddsf

afnaflnsfx¿ sfddf ;+nUg 5g\ . o;af6 g]kfndf !) b]lv !$ jif{s} pd]/b]lv

3/]n' >ddf k|j]z ub{5g\ eGg] kfOPsf] 5 . tLdWo] w]/}h;f]n] tna gkfPsf] /

cfwfeGbf a9L s]6fx¿ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . o;f] x'g'sf] sf/0f g]kfndf s]6Lsf]

t'ngfdf s]6fx¿sf] a9L 8'nlkm/ ug{ kfpg] l:ylt xf] . clwsf+z cfdfafa' /

cleefjsx¿n] 5f]/LnfO{ e/;s 3/d} /fVg ?rfpF5g\ .

o4lk 3/]n' afn>d ePsf ljZjsf clwsf+z b]zx¿df ls t Pp6f dfq cleefjs

of t cfdf of afa' ePsf] kl/jf/ jf afnaflnsfsf] sdfOdf e/ kg]{ kl/jf/n]

afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>ddf k7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/ sf7df08f}df ul/Psf]

cg';Gwfgcg';f/ &@ k|ltzt 3/]n' afn>ldssf cfdfafa' b'j} lhpFb} /x]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . afn>ddf k7fpg] clwsf+z 3/x¿df $ b]lv ^ hgf;Ddsf] hfxfg

5 . @% k|ltzt kl/jf/;Fu c? sfd ug]{ afnaflnsf 5g\ . o;/L afnaflnsfx¿

;fg} pd]/df >ddf k|j]z ug'{sf] k|d'v sf/0fx¿df cfdfafa' e"ldlxg x'g', hUuf

hldg ePklg kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf Hofb} yf]/} x'g' / kl/jf/ C0fdf

8'Ag' /x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf @)%^ ;fn ;fpgdf sd}of k|yfnfO{ u}/sfg'gL 3f]if0ff ul/of] t/ klg Tof]

k|yf /x]sf 7fpFx¿df w]/} afnaflnsf cfkm\gf cfdfafa'n] lnPsf] C0f ltg{sf nflu

3/]n' >ldssf] ¿kdf al;/x]sf 5g\ . o4lk sd}of kl/jf/sf clwsf+z

afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' afn>ddf k|j]z ug'{ cufj} ljBfno egf{ ePsf] s'/f atfOP

tfklg tLdWo] Ps ltxfO -h;dWo] cfwf hlt s]6Lx¿_ n] kl/jf/n] rnfPsf]

v]tLdf sfd ug{ ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L v]tLkftLdf ;+nUg ePsf s]6Lx¿dWo] !*

k|ltzt afnaflnsf n]vk9 ug{ hfGb}gg\ / !) k|ltztn] d'l:snn] n]vk9 ug{

;S5g\ .

cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf w]/} 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] cfkm\gf] 3/sf] t'ngfdf /f]huf/bftfsf]

3/df vfgf, ;'tfOnufotsf s'/fx¿ /fd|f] ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿

3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg x'g'sf] sf/0f 3/df ePsf] cefju|:t hLjg xf] eGg] s'/f

b]vfPsf] 5 . km]l/ klg 3/]n' afn>lds eP/ a:g' kbf{ PSnf]kgfsf] dx;'; ug'{kg]{,

cToflws sfdsf] rfk, ufnL unf}h s'6lk6 tyf lgs[i6 Pj+ lx+;|s lsl;dsf]

b'Jo{jxf/ x'g] s'/f pgLx¿n] atfPsf lyP, h;n] afnaflnsfsf] hLjgdf gsf/fTds

k|efj kfg]{ s'/f lglZrt 5 .

293/]n' afn>d kl/ro

zf/Ll/s c;/

cg';Gwfg ul/Psf #&* hgf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dWo] #&$ hgfn] lbgdf !@306feGbf a9L ;do sfd ug'{ k/]sf] s'/f atfP . of] pgLx¿n] ef]lu/x]sf] cToGtuDeL/ Pj+ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] cj:yf xf] . 3/]n' afn>ldsn] ug'{kg]{ sfdx¿dfw]/}h;f] efF8f dfem\g] / c? efG;fdf ul/g] sfdx¿ kb{5g\ . oL sfdx¿ nfdf];do;Dd ul//xg' kb{5 . cg';Gwfg ul/Psfx¿dWo] @& k|ltztn] cyf{t\ !)#hgfn] sfd ug]{ qmddf pgLx¿nfO{ rf]6k6s nfu]sf], cfuf]n] kf]n]sf] s'/f atfPsflyP . tLdWo] ($ hgfn] cfkm" klxn] a;]sf] /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/ 5f]8]sf lyP .o;/L 5f]8\g'sf] sf/0f /f]huf/bftfx¿n] a9L bk]6\g] u/]sf]n] ubf{ xf] eGg] s'/fatfPsf lyP . o;qmddf w]/} k|d'v ;"rsx¿n] 3/]n' >ddf s]6Lx¿dfly of}gzf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/ x'g] u/]sf] s'/f atfP . 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] Joxf]g'{ k/]sfoL hf]lvdx¿sf] dfqf a9b} uO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] ¿k lng;Sg] ;Defjgf hlxNo}/xG5 .

dgf]j}1flgs c;/

3/]n' >daf6 afnaflnsfdfly kg]{ c;/ s]jn zf/Ll/s :jf:Yodfly dfq kg]{geO{ o;n] pgLx¿sf] ;+j]ufTds ljsf;df klg ulx/f] rf]6 k'¥ofpF5 . ;+j]ufTdsljsf; x/]s JolQmsf] l;h{gfTds / :j:y hLjg latfpgsf] nflu cTofjZosx'G5 . cg';Gwfg ul/Psf afnaflnsfdWo] ^* k|ltztn] pgLx¿ PSnf] dx;';u/]sf] atfP . vf;u/L /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/df pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf 3/kl/jf/, ;fyLefO;a}hgf cnu eP/ dgdf nfu]sf s'/fx¿ s;};Fu klg eGg gkfO{ u'lD;P/ a:g'kbf{ ;fx|} b'Mv dx;'; u/]sf] atfP . o;af6 l;h{gf x'g] lg/fzf / c;xfocj:yfn] pgLx¿sf] ;+j]ufTds ljsf;df uDeL/ c;/ kb{5 .

cg';Gwfgn] !) hgfdWo] ( hgf afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm\gf] 3/ cfpg :jtGqePklg Jojxfl/s ¿kdf x]bf{ clwsf+zn] o;/L 3/ kl/jf/;Fu e]6\g kfpFb}gg\ .o;sf sf/0fx¿df 3/ 6f9f x'g], cfOhfO ug{ vr{ nfUg] h:tf s'/fx¿ klg /x]sf5g\ . oltdfq xf]Og sltko glhs} 3/ x'g] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] klg cfkm\gf] 3/hfg kfPsf x'Fb}gg\ . o;/L pgLx¿ 3/ hfg gkfpg'sf cGo sf/0fx¿df cfdfafa'n]/f]huf/bftfaf6 lnPsf] C0f klg xf] . C0f aGwgdf k/]sf afn>ldsx¿n] o:tf];d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug'{kb{5 . cg';Gwfg ul/Psf #&* hgfdWo] &# hgfn] pgLx¿/f]huf/bftfsf] 3/ 5f]8]/ cGoq hfgsf nflu :jtGq gePsf] s'/f atfP . tL dWo]


$! hgfn] o;/L /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/ 5f]8]/ cGoq hfgsf] nflu cleefjssf]:jLs[lt lng'kg]{ s'/f atfP . tnasf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfgn] #&* dWo] !$%hgfn] tna kfpg] u/]sf] / tna kfpg] 3/]n' afn>ldsdWo] &( k|ltztn]pgLx¿sf] tna cfdfafa'n] nfg] u/]sf] atfPsf lyP .

afnljsf;dfly kg]{ k|efj

afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;dfly 3/]n' afn>dn] kfg]{ c;/sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ cg';Gwfgul/Psf #&*dWo] s]jn !@# hgf afnaflnsfn] dfq :s'n hfg] u/]sf] kfOof] .:s'n hfg] u/]sfdWo] ** hgf k|fylds txdf !! hgf lgDg dfWolds txdf /Ps hgf dfq dfWolds txdf k9\g] u/]sf] kfOof] . ljBfno egf{ x'g] s]6Lx¿sf];+Vof w]/} sd cyf{t\ s]jn !^=# k|ltzt / s]6fx¿sf] ;+Vof $^=! k|ltzt /x]sf]kfOPsf] 5 .

k9\g,] ;x/ hfg kfpg], hLjgsf] k"j{tof/L ug{sf] nflu ;'/lIft sfd tyf ;fg}pd]/sf afnaflnsfnfO{ /f]huf/Ldf nufpgsf] nflu 3/]n' afn>d pko'Qm ePsf]atfOP tfklg of] afnaflnsfsf] bL3{ ljsf;sf] nflu uDeL/ c;/ kfg]{ k];f xf],h;n] ul/aLsf] b'irqmnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbG5 tyf l;Ëf] ljsf;sf] ultdf cj/f]wl;h{gf ub{5 .

3/]n' afn>d;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] lgsfox¿÷;+:yfx¿

3/kl/jf/, ;dfh, ;+:s[lt, d"NodfGotf

P]g÷sfg'g

/f]huf/bftf÷>lds ;+u7g

/fhgLlts bn

lzIff gLlt

;+3÷;+:yf

cfly{s gLlt

;+rf/ dfWod

/fHo

313/]n' afn>d kl/ro

tLg3/]n' afn>dsf] cfsif{0f / k|f]T;fxgsf tTjx¿

cfsif{0fsf tTjx¿

!= c;dfgtfsf] kl/0ffdaf6 pTkGg ePsf] s'nLgtf

cf}Bf]lusLs/0f tyf ;x/Ls/0fsf] qmddf ePsf] c;dfg cfly{s ljsf;n] ;dfhdf

x'g] / gx'g] aLrsf] ;fy} ul/a / dWod ju{aLrsf] vf8n cem km/flsnf] agfpFb}

nu]sf] 5 . o;af6 3/aflx/ ul/g] sfdsf] t'ngfdf 3/]n' >dnfO{ ckx]ngfsf]

b[li6n] x]g]{, ;f] sfd ubf{ k|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg] ;f]lrG5 . k|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg]

tyf t'R5 7flgPsf] 3/]n' >daf6 cfkm" klG5g] / lj:tf/} t]>f] JolQmaf6 u/fpg]

k|j[lQn] 3/]n' afn>dsf] dfu a9]/ uPsf] xf] . o;}u/L n}lËs c;dfgtfdf cfPsf]

;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f dlxnfx¿df ePsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k

3/aflx/sf] /f]huf/Ldf cfkm" ;+nUg /xg] / 3/leqsf] wGbf ug{ cGo ul/a dlxnf

jf afnaflnsfnfO{ nufpg yflnPsf] 5 . o;n] klg 3/]n' afn>dsf] dfunfO{

a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . sltko kl/jf/x¿df 3/]n' afn>lds /fVg] sfdnfO{

cfjZostfeGbf klg ;fdflhs k|lti7f, ;fg ;f}st b]vfpg] dfWodsf] ¿kdf klg

lnOg yflnPsf]n] 3/]n' afn>dsf] dfu a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

@= wd{k'qsf] gfddf afn>lds /flvg'

sltko 3/x¿df /f]huf/bftfnfO{ pksf/L JolQmsf] ¿kdf lrlqt ug{

afn>ldsx¿nfO{ gSsnL wd{k'q jf k'qL agfP/ klg /fv]sf] kfOG5 . vf;u/L


;dfhdf 6'x'/f c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ o;/L æwd{k'qÆ æwd{k'qLÆ

/fVg] ul/G5 . o;sf] ;fy} ul/a kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;DkGg kl/jf/sf

JolQmx¿n] æwd{k'qÆ æwd{k'qLÆ sf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/L pgLx¿sf] kfngkf]if0fsf]

;Dk"0f{ lhDdf lng] t/ Jojxf/df eg] tL afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>ldssf]

¿kdf sfd u/fpg] klg ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L gSsnL tl/sfaf6 afn>d /fVg]

k|lqmofn] klg 3/]n' afn>d km:6fpg d2t u/]sf] 5 . vf;u/L Pp6} b]zleq eP

u|fdL0f e]uaf6 ;x/L kl/jf/x¿df / ul/a b]zaf6 wgL b]zx¿df wd{k'q wd{k'qL

agfP/ n}hfg] rng 5 . o; k|sf/n] wd{k'q k'qL /flvPsf sltko afnaflnsfx¿

cfkm"dfly eO/x]sf] zf]if0f vKg g;s]/ a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 efuL ;8s afnaflnsf

ePsf klg pbfx/0fx¿ kfpg ;lsG5 .

t/ sltko JolQmx¿n] jf:tljs ¿kd} wd{k'q wd{k'qLsf] ¿kdf ckgfO{ /flvPsf

afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yf klxn] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/df /xFbfeGbf klg /fd|f] cj:yfdf

k'uL Pp6f of]Uo ;Ifd JolQmTjsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf pbfx/0fx¿ klg kfpg

;lsG5 .

#= ;:tf] >d

3/]n' afn>dsf] dfu a9\g'sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ sf/0f ;:tf] >d eP/ klg xf] .

jo:sx¿nfO{ >ldssf] ¿kdf /fVbf a9L tna lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . otf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{

cfdfafa';Fu df}lvs ;Demf}tf u/L yf]/} k};fdf sfd nufpg ;lsG5 . sltkonfO{

t tna} glbOsg vfg / ;fwf/0f n'ufkmf6f] dfq lbP/ sfddf nufpg] ul/Psf]

5 . cem C0f ltg]{ ;t{df /flvPsf] 5 eg] t emg\ C0fsf] Jofh dfq ltg{sf] nflu

klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>ddf nufpg] ul/G5 .

$= ;lhnf] >d÷ljb«f]x ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt

afnaflnsfx¿ ;fgf] pd]/ ePsf]n] kmsfP/ sfddf nufpg,] geP xKsfPsf] e/df

sfddf nufpg ;lsG5 t/ otf jo:s >ldsx¿ eg] cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] nflu

af]Ng;Sg] ePsf]n] /f]huf/bftfx¿nfO{ xKsfP/ sfddf nufpg t'ngfTds ¿kn]

333/]n' afn>d kl/ro

sl7g x'G5 . afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm"dfly hlt;'s} sfdsf] af]em nflbP klg, tnaglbP klg ;fgf] pd]/ ePsf] sf/0fn] jo:sx¿;Fu ljb«f]x ug{ 8/fpF5g\ //f]huf/bftfn] o:tf] l:yltsf] e/k'/ kmfObf p7fPsf x'G5g\ .

%= cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf /fVg kfOg]÷s'g} sfg'gL ;Demf}tf ul//xg' gkg]{

3/]n' afn>lds /fVgsf] nflu /f]huf/bftf / afn>lds jf p;sf cleefjs;Fus'g} sfg'gL ;Demf}tf ul//xg'kg]{ emGem6 x'Fb}g . s'g} lgoddf afFlwg'kg]{ afWotfx'Fb}g . clxn];Ddsf] cEof;df cgf}krfl/s s'/fsfgLs} e/df 3/]n' afn>lds/flvg] ul/Psf] 5 .

k|]fT;fxgsf tTjx¿

^= ;dfhsf] dlxnf / aflnsfx¿k|lt x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f

;dfhdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ csf{sf] 3/ hfg] / csf{s} ;]jfdf hLjg latfpg] JolQmsf]¿kdf x]l/G5 . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ljBfno k7fOFb}g . k7fOxfn]klg :s'nsf] k9fO k"/f gu/L aLr}df lgsflnG5 . o;sf] ;fy} 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ljjfxsf]nflu ;fdfGo ;fIf/ agfpg] p2]Zon] dfq k9fOg] ul/G5 . 5f]/Lx¿ csf{sf] 3/hfg] x'gfn] 5f]/Lx¿dfly ul/g] nufgLaf6 dfOtL 3/sf] nflu s'g} kmfObf gx'g,]kmfObf eP klg nf]Ug]s} 3/nfO{ kmfObf x'g] b[li6n] x]l/G5 . o;}n] 5f]/LnfO{ cfdfnfO{3/]n' sfdwGbfdf ;3fpk3fp ug{sf] nflu k7fOG5 . o;}n] k|foM h;f] 5f]/Lx¿cfdf;Fu} 3/]n' sfdwGbfdf nflu/x]sf x'G5g\ . o;/L k9\g gkfPkl5 5f]/Lx¿sf]hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu /f]huf/Lsf ljsNkx¿ ;Lldt x'g k'Ub5g\ . pgLx¿n] afFRgsf]nflu c?dfly e/ kg'{kg]{ l:ylt l;h{gf x'G5 . 5f]/Lx¿n] kl/jf/sf] cfo cfh{gsfnflu of]ubfg lbg ;Sb}gg\ To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ kl/jf/sf] af]emsf] ¿kdf x]g{yflnG5 . Psflt/ pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] af/]df ;r]t x'Fb}gg\, csf{lt/sfg'gL ¿kdf ;fIf/ gx'gfn] cfkm\gf clwsf/dfly lyrf]ldrf] x'Fbf klg r'krfknfu]/ a:g afWo x'G5g\ . ;fg} pd]/df ljjfx ul/gfn] Pp6f kl/jf/df af]emsf]¿kdf /x]sL 5f]/L csf]{ kl/jf/df ;fg]{ ul/G5 . o;}n] 5f]/Lx¿ k|foM h;f]3/leqs} sfddf dfq ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf x'g\ . o;/L ;fg} pd]/b]lv jo:s / k|f}9x'g] a]nf;Dd klg cfdfx¿ 3/leqs} sfddf clNem/x]sf x'G5g\ . ;fdflhs kl/j]zn]5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ;fg} pd]/b]lv g} 3/]n' afn>dlt/ ws]ln/x]sf] x'G5 . oxL s'/f g};+;f/el/ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿df aflnsfx¿sf] ;+Vof cToflws x'g'sf] sf/s tTj

aGg k'u]sf] 5 .


&= 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ ljjfxsf] nflu k"j{tof/Lsf] ¿kdf lnOg'

;dfhdf dlxnfx¿ ljjfx u/]/ c?sf] 3/df hfg'kg]{ / ToxfF uP/ 3/leqsf]

sfdwGbf ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f ;f]lrg] ePsf]n] 3/]n' >dnfO{ sltko kl/jf/x¿n]

s]6Lx¿sf] nflu pko'Qm tflndsf] ¿kdf lnOg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L 3/]n' >dnfO{

æhLjgs} k"j{tof/LÆ sf] ¿kdf lnOg] u/]sf]n] sltko s]6Lx¿nfO{ :s'naf6

lgsfn]/ eP klg 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg u/fPsf] klg kfOG5 . ljZjsf e/v/} dfq

cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] af6f]df cufl8 a9]sf b]zx¿df wgL kl/jf/df of]Uo s]6f]

kfOG5 eGg] cfzn] klg s]6Lx¿ 3/]n' afn>dtkm{ cfs{lift x'gk'U5g\ . o;/L klg

3/]n' afn>dsf] dfu a9]sf] 5 .

* 3/]n' sfdsfhnfO{ dlxnfn] ug]{ sfdsf] ¿kdf x]l/g'

clwsf+z b]zdf 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ dlxnfn] ug]{ sfdsf] ¿kdf JofVof ul/G5 .

w]/}h;f] cleefjsx¿n] 5f]/L eP/ hlGdPkl5 3/sf] wGbf ug}{ kb{5, o;sf]

lasNk 5}g eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ub{5g\ . 3/]n' sfd c? sfdsf] t'ngfdf ;/n /

;xh sfd ePsf]n] of] dlxnfx¿sf] nflu pko'Qm 5 eGg] ul/G5 . sltko b]zsf

/f]huf/bftfx¿ s]6L jf dlxnfx¿n] 3/]n' sfd -3/leqsf] sfd_ pQd lsl;daf6

ug{;Sg] ePsf]n] s]6f jf k'?ifn] ug'{eGbf klg s]6L jf dlxnfn] ug'{kb{5 eGg]

dfGotf /fVb5g\ . sltko w]/} bfh'efO ePsf] kl/jf/df bfh'efOn] lbbL jf alxgLnfO{

d'vn] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] ¿kdf x]/] klg Jojxf/df eg] 3/]n' >ldssf] ¿kdf

sfd nufpg] ub{5g\ .

dlxnf :jo+n] klg 3/]n' >dnfO{ ædlxnfx¿sf] sfdÆ sf] ¿kdf x]g]{ u/]sf]

kfOG5 . afn>ldssf cfdfx¿ cfkm\gf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ cGo sfdsf] t'ngfdf 3/]n'

>ddf g} k7fpg rfxG5g\ . sltko >lds dlxnfx¿ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] x]/rfx ub}{

sfd ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]n] cGo sfdsf] t'ngfdf 3/]n' >d g} ug{ ?rfpF5g\ .

To;}u/L >lds dlxnfx¿ 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ 3/]n' sfdwGbf l;sfpgsf nflu klg

pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm";Fu} /fv]/ klg 3/]n' >d ug]{ ub{5g\, h;af6 cfdfn] cfkm"kl5

cfkm\g} 5f]/LnfO{ /f]huf/bftfn] ;f] sfd b]cf];\ eGg] ck]Iff /fv]sf] x'G5, h;sf]

kl/0ffd:j¿k afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm\gL cfdfsf] kl5kl5 nfUbfnfUb} k9\g] cj;/

u'dfpg k'Ub5g\ . o;/L cfdfsf] kl5 lx+8\bf–lx+8\b} afnaflnsfx¿ *÷( jif{s}

pd]/df Pp6f cg'ejL 3/]n' afn>ldssf] sfd ug{;Sg] ePsf x'G5g\ .

353/]n' afn>d kl/ro

sfG5L a:g]t

lx/fsfhLsf] $ hgfsf] kl/jf/ 5 . pgL / pgsL >LdtL sf7df08f}sf] Pp6f

a}+sdf sfd ub{5g\ . pgLx¿sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ :s"n hfG5g\ . pgLx¿sf] 3/df

laxfg a]n'sf ;3fpk3fp ug,]{ lbpF;f] 3/ s'g]{ sf]xL x'g] ePg . o;}n] pgLx¿nfO{

Pshgf dflg;sf] cfjZostf ePsf] dx;'; u/L g'jfsf]6 lhNnfl:yt lx/fsfhLsf]

Pshgf ;fyLsf] ufpFaf6 !% jif{sL sfG5LnfO{ NofP . o;afkt lx/fsfhLn]

sfG5Lsf a'afnfO{ dlxgfsf] ?= @)) .– lbg] eP . sfG5Lsf a'af k|To]s #÷$

dlxgfdf pQm ?= @)) .– lng cfpg] ug{ yfn] . sfG5L dflnssf] 3/df sfd

ug'{kg]{ tyf lbpF;f] 3/ s'g'{kg]{ ePsf] sf/0f pgL :s'n hfg kfOgg\ . lx/fsfhLn]

sfG5Ln] /fd|f];Fu sfd u/]kl5 pgsf] lax] ubf{ nfUg] ;a} vr{ lbg] arg lbPsf

5g\ . lx/fsfhL klg sfG5Lsf] sfdk|lt ;Gt'i6 5g\ . sfG5L g'jfsf]6sf] cfkm\gf]

3/df x'Fbf lbgel/ 3fF; bfp/f ug'{kg]{, kfgL Nofpg] h:tf sfdx¿ u/]klg pgn]

cfwf k]6 dfq vfg kfpFlyg\ . lx/fsfhLn] sfG5LnfO{ cfkm\g} 5f]/L ;'t]sf] sf]7fdf

;'tfpF5g\ . pgL / pgsL >LdtLn] sfG5Lk|lt /fd|f] Jojxf/ u5{g\ . sfG5L klg

v';L g} b]lvG5] . t/ pgsf] Pp6} dfq u'gf;f] :s'n hfg gkfpg' /x]sf] 5 . pgL

cfkm\gf ufpFsf ;a} ;fyLx¿af6 cnlUug k'u]sL l5g\ . sf7df08f}df cfP/ pgn]

s;}nfO{ klg ;fyL agfpg kfPsL 5}gg\ . pgnfO{ a]nf–a]nf 3/sf] ofbn] ;tfO/xG5 .

5nkmnsf nflu k|Zgx¿

!= s] sfG5L 3/]n' afn>lds x'g\ <

@= sfG5Lsf] syfdf afn>dsf] dfu / k"lt{ s;/L ePsf] 5 <

#= sfG5Lsf u'gf;fx¿ s]–s] /x]5g\ <

$= s] sfG5Ln] ug]{ sfd lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>dleq kb{5 <

$= sfG5Lsf] hLjgdf cem ;'wf/ Nofpg s]–s] ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 <


(= k/Dk/fut e]befj

;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf sf/0f k/Dk/fb]lv g} cfd;d'bfoleqsf] Pp6f vf; ;d"x jf;d'bfon] cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhdf pRr ju{ 7fG5 / csf]{ ;d'bfon] cfkm"nfO{ lgDgju{sf] 7flg/x]sf] x'G5 . ;dfhdf ljBdfg e]befjsf sf/0f ;dfhdf hftLoe]befjsf] l:ylt ljBdfg 5 . hghflt ;d'bfo / blntx¿nfO{ tNnf] bhf{sf]dflg;sf] ¿kdf x]g]{, ufpFn]x¿nfO{ kfv] / ;x/jf;Lx¿nfO{ cfw'lgs, ;';DkGg /dflyNnf] bhf{sf ¿kdf x]g]{ k|j[lQ 5, h;n] ubf{ dflyNnf] ju{sf] 7flgg]x¿n] tNnfju{ 7flgg]x¿sf kl/jf/af6 cfPsf dlxnf k'?if jf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' >ldssf]¿kdf /fVg] ub{5g\ . ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t pRrtf / lgrtfsf] ljefhgsfod /x'~h]n;Dd k/Dk/fb]lv cfkm"nfO{ k|ltli7t 7fGg] dflyNnf] ju{n] u/]sf]3/]n' afn>ldssf] dfunfO{ ckx]lnt, pk]lIft ju{af6 k"lt{ x'g] sfd hf/L /xG5 .To;}n] 3/]n' afn>d hghftLo clwsf/ cfGbf]ngsf] klg Ps dxTjk"0f{ c+zx'g'kb{5 .

!)= /f]huf/bftfnfO{ pksf/L JolQmsf] ¿kdf lrlqt ul/g' .

afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu 3/]n' >d kmfObfsf/L / pko'Qm k|sf/sf] >dsf] ¿kdfx]g]{ s'/fn] /f]huf/bftfnfO{ pksf/L JolQmsf] ¿kdf lrq0f ug{ d2t k'¥ofO/x]sf]x'G5 . s'g} afns tyf aflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' >dsf] nflu /fVg] sfdn] c?sf] enf]lrtfpg], pksf/L JolQmsf] ¿kdf p;sf] ;fdflhs k|lti7f klg cem dfly p7]sf]7flgG5 . o;}n] /f]huf/bftf :jo+n] d}n] u|fdL0f e]usf] ul/a, 7"nf] kl/jf/af6afnaflnsfnfO{ ;DkGg 3/df NofP/ pksf/ ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] 7flg/x]sf] x'G5 ./f]huf/bftfn] cfkm"nfO{ /f]huf/bftfsf] ¿kdf lrq0f ug{ rflx/x]sf] x'Fb}g . o;/L3/]n' afn>ddfly nufOPsf] pksf/sf] cfj/0fn] 3/]n' afn>d /fVg] sfdnfO{k|>o lbO/x]sf] x'G5 . jf:tljs cy{df eg] /f]huf/bftfaf6 oxL æpksf/L sfo{Æsf] cfj/0fdf ;:tf], ;xh afn>dsf] zf]if0f eO/x]sf] x'G5 . o;}n] sltko3/x¿df /f]huf/bftfn] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ æ5f]/f]Æ æ5f]/LÆ eg]/ klg af]nfpg]u/]sf x'G5g\ .

!!= kfl/jfl/s tyf afn ul/aL

ul/aL eGgfn] kl/jf/sf] sdhf]/ cfly{s l:ylt dfq xf]Og sfd ug]{ pd]/sfafnaflnsfn] sdfPsf] cfDbfgLn] p;sf] nflu cfjZos vr{ wfGg g;Sg] l:yltklg xf] . Go"g cfDbfgLsf] sf/0fn] kl/jf/n] xftd'v hf]g{ ;Sg] l:ylt;Dd klg

373/]n' afn>d kl/ro

gx'g' / o;sf nflu C0fdf km‘:g'n] afnaflnsfx¿ kl/jf/sf] af]em aGg k'U5g\h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k cfdfafa'n] j}slNks pkfosf] ¿kdf cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{csf{sf] 3/df nu]/ /flvlbg] ub{5g\ . afnaflnsfn] sdfPsf] cfDbfgLaf6 kl/jf/sf]cfly{s l:yltnfO{ clnslt eP klg dfly p7fpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]r /fVg] ul/G5 .

ul/a x'g'sf] sf/0f s]jn cfly{s cefj dfq xf]Og, a? afnaflnsfsf cfdfafa'sf]sfd ug]{ bIftfsf] cefj klg xf] . lsgls cbIf dflg;sf] >d ahf/df laqmLx'Fb}g, eOxfn] klg ;f] Hofnfn] pgLx¿sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{ x'Fb}g .

!@= C0f ltg{sf] nflu 3/]n' afn>lds /flvg'

cfdfafa'n] ;fx'af6 lnPsf] C0f ltg{sf] nflu klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>ldssf]¿kdf /fVg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . sltko ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'slt/ o; k|sf/sf] rng/x]sf] 5 . cfO=Pn=cf]= n] dxf;lGw !*@ kfl/t u/L o; k|sf/sf] afn>dnfO{lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>dleq ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . C0f ltg{sf nflu 3/]n' afn>lds/fVbf g t afnaflnsf g p;sf] cleefjs s;}n] klg sfdsf] cj:yf jfHofnfsf] nflu s'g} df]ntf]n ug{ ;Sb5g\ . afnaflnsfdfly cdfgjLo zf]if0f ePklg C0fLn] afnaflnsfnfO{ /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/af6 x6fpg ;Sb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf3/]n' afn>lds /f]huf/bftf -;fx'_ / cf;fdLaLrsf] r]kdf k/]sf] x'G5 . pgLx¿

a]lrg k'u]sf x'G5g\ .

cfzf yf?

cfzf yf? kl/jf/sL aflnsf x'g\ . pgL pd]/n] !@ aif{ k'u]sL l5g\ . cfzf ut $jif{b]lv sf7df08f}df 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf sfo{/t l5g\ . pgsf lktf pgLa;]s} 3/sf dflnssf] Pshgf wgu9Ll:yt gft]bf/sxfF xnL a;]sf 5g\ . pgL;x/Lof æsdn/LÆ x'g\ . sdn/L eg]sf] klZrd g]kfnsf bfª, afFs], alb{of,s}nfnL / s~rgk'/lt/ k/fk"j{sfnb]lv rn]sf] rng cGt/ut hldGbf/sxfF sfo{/txnLsL 5f]/L x'g\ h;nfO{ hldGbf/sxfF lagf k};f 3/wGbfnufotsf sfd ug{sfnflu /flvPsf] x'G5 . cfzfsf b'O{ efO / Pshgf lbbL 5g\ . tLdWo] b'O{ hgfefOx¿ wgu9Ldf sfd ub{5g\ / alxgL rflx+ sf7df08f}d} sfd ul5{g\ t/ pgsf]alxgL;Fu b]ve]6 slxNo} x'Fb}g . cfzf laxfg % ah] pl7\5g\, a9f/s'8f‘/ ul5{g\clg 3/ k'l:5g\ . o;a]nfb]lv ;'? ePsf] pgsf] sfd /flt !) ah] efF8f dflem;s]kl5;dfKt x'G5 . laxfgb]lv a]n'sf;Ddsf] sfddf pgnfO{ s;}n] klg ;3fpg] ub}{gg\ .


pgL lg/If/ l5g\ . :s'n hfg] cj;/ pgn] slxNo} kfPsL 5}gg\ . cfkm"n] sltk};f tna kfpg] xf] eGg] af/]df klg pgnfO{ /fd|f] yfxf 5}g . tna yfxf gePklg e/v/} dfq pgn] afa'n] hldGbf/af6 lnPsf] C0f ltg{sf] nflu cfkm"n] kfpg]tna klg s6f}tL x'g] u/]sf] s'/f sfsfaf6 ;'g]sL lyOg\ .


!= cfzfnfO{ lsg sdn/L elgPsf] xf] <

@= syfdf pNn]lvt s'g rngn] s;/L 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] 5 <

#= cfzfdfly s] s:tf] k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ePsf] 5 <

$= s] o; k|sf/sf] >d lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d xf] <

%= cfzfsf s'g–s'g clwsf/x¿ pNn+3g ePsf 5g\ <

!#= lzIffsf] cefj tyf u'0f:t/xLg lzIff / ;x/L lzIffsf] cfsif{0f

ljZjsf w]/} efudf afnaflnsfx¿ ljBfno z'Nssf] sf/0f, ljBfno 6f9f ePsf]

sf/0f :s'n hfg] dg ub}{gg\ . To;}u/L s}of}+ afnaflnsfx¿ u'0f:t/xLg lzIff,

ljBfnodf x'g] b'Jo{jxf/ tyf lzIfsx¿ cg'kl:yt x'g] sf/0faf6 ljBfno 5f]8\g]

ub{5g\ . o;/L ljBfno 5f]8\g] jf hfg dg gug]{ afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' afn>dlt/

cfs{lift x'g] u/]sf k|z:t pbfx/0fx¿ kfpg ;lsG5 .

k9\g] OR5f k"/f ug{ klg kl/jf/ tyf afnaflnsf÷lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿n] 3/]n'afn>dnfO{ Pp6f ljsNksf] ¿kdf lnPsf] kfOG5 . sltko /f]huf/bftfx¿n]

klg 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf /flvPsf afnaflnsf tyf pgLx¿sf] cleefjsnfO{

k9fOlbg] tyf cGo k|sf/sf] tflnd lbnfOlbg] arg lbPsf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿dWo]

sltn] t ;fFRr} g} 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ o; k|sf/sf] cj;/ klg lbPsf

x'G5g\ . 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] cfkm\gf] sfdwGbf l;WofPkl5 dfq o; k|sf/sf]

tflnddf ;xefuL x'g] :jLs[t kfpF5g\, h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k 3/]n' afn>ddf

393/]n' afn>d kl/ro

;+nUg afnaflnsfx¿ ljBfno hfFbf l9nf] k'Ug], clgoldt 9+un] :s'n hfg,]

sIffsf] k9fOk|lt Wofg glbg] l:ylt eO/xG5 .

s]xL afnaflnsfx¿ k9\g]] k};f h'6fpg klg :s'n 5f]8L 3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg

x'gk'U5g\ . s]xL b]zx¿sf cleefjsx¿n] cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] k9\g kfpF5g\ eGg]

cfzfn] klg pgLx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>ddf k7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] klg 3/]n'

afn>ldssf] dfu a9\g] u/]sf] 5 .

!$= afnaflnsf ;x/L /demdk|lt cfs{lift x'g'

afnaflnsfx¿ ;x/df ePsf] /demdk|lt cfs{lift eP/ klg 3/]n' afn>lds x'g

k'u]sf x'G5g\ . ul/a kl/jf/sf dfq xf]Og sltko ;DkGg, vfg nfpg k'Ug], 3/df

/fd|f] Joj:yf ePsf ufp‘lt/sf afnaflnsfx¿ klg ;x/df ePsf ;'ljwf,

cj;/x¿af6 cfs{lift eO{ efu]/ jf ;fyLx¿sf] nx}nx}df nfu]/ ;x/lt/ cfPsf

x'G5g\ . ;x/df afFRg] pkfo vf]Hb} sltko afnaflnsf cGttM 3/]n' afn>ddf

;+nUg x'gk'U5g\ . o;n] klg 3/]n' afn>dsf] dfunfO{ a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

!%= kfl/jfl/s lx+;f

kfl/jfl/s lx+;f afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' >dlt/ ws]Ng] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sf/0f xf] .

3/df cefju|:t hLjg, w]/} hfxfg, ;f}t]gL dfdnf, / k'?ifjfbL ;fdGtL lrGtg

tyf ;fdflhs lnËe]b cflbsf] sf/0faf6 3/kl/jf/df cfdfafa'aLr em}—emu8f

x'g] ub{5 . o;sf] l;sf/ k|foM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf x'g] ub{5g\ . ;w}+ 3/df

o; k|sf/sf] em} emu8f x'g] afnaflnsfn] s'6fO vfO/xg'kg]{ l:ylt ePdf

afnaflnsfx¿ 3/af6 efUg] / hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu 3/]n' >dnufotsf >ddf

nfUg] u/]sf pbfx/0fx¿ k|z:t e]l6G5g\ . o;/L kfl/jfl/s lx+;fn] afnaflnsfnfO{

3/]n' >dnufot >dsf cGo If]qlt/ hfg afWo agfO/x]sf] l:ylt ljBdfg 5 .

!^= ;z:q ;+3if{

b]zdf rln/x]sf] ;z:q ;+3if{sf] sf/0faf6 s}of}+ afnaflnsfx¿ 6'x'/f x'g k'u]sf

5g\ . xfd|f] b]zdf @)%@ ;fnb]lv lg/Gt/ ¿kdf rn]sf] lx+;fTds åGåsf sf/0f


w]/} afnaflnsfx¿sf cfdfafa'sf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 eg] sltko cfdfafa'af6

la5f]l8g k'u]sf 5g\ . To:t} o'4df hah{:tL ;+nUg u/fpg ;Sg] eosf sf/0fn]

klg s}og afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm\gf] ufpF 5f]8L ;'/lIft ;x/lt/ k:b5g\ / 3/]n'

>dnfO{ ;xh} kfpg ;lsg] >d If]qsf] ¿kdf lnO{ cfkm\gf] hLljsf]kfh{g ub{5g\ .

o;/L 6'x'/f ag]sf jf la5f]l8g k'u]sf clg ;x/ k;]sf s}of}+ afnaflnsfx¿

afFRgsf nflu 3/]n' afn>dtkm{ cfslif{t eO/x]sf 5g\ / 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf]

dfunfO{ k"lt{ ug{sf nflu Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5g\ .

!&= Pr= cfO= le= ÷ P8\; nufot k|f0f3fts ;?jf /f]usf] dxfdf/L

Pr= cfO= le=÷P8\;sf] dxfdf/L km}lnPsf b]zx¿df o; /f]usf] sf/0f s/f]8f+}

dflg;x¿sf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5, h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k bzf}+ s/f]8 afnaflnsfx¿

6'x'/f aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . o;/L 6'x'/f ag]sf afnaflnsfx¿ afFRgsf nflu 3/]n'

afn>ddf nfUg afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ . clk|msfsf] ;xf/f If]qjl/kl/sf b]zx¿df

cfh sl/a !@ s/f]8 afnaflnsfx¿n] cfkm\gf cfdf jf cfdfafa' u'dfPsf 5g\ .

xfn} ul/Psf] Ps cg';Gwfgcg';f/ clk|msL b]zdf ePsf] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dWo]

clwsf+z afnaflnsfx¿sf ls t Pshgf dfq afFr]sf], ls cfdfafa' b'j} g} d/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . oL P8\; /f]usf] sf/0faf6 ePsf 6'x'/f6'x/Lx¿n] afFRgsf] nflu 3/]n'

afn>dnfO{ j}slNks pkfosf] ¿kdf lng] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;n] 3/]n'

afn>ldsx¿sf] pTkfbgdf 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 .

dgs'df/L zfxdxf]Q/Lsf] uf}zfnfdf km}lnPsf] sfnfhf/sf] dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0f dgs'df/L ;fg} x'Fbf

pgsf cfdfafa'sf] d[To' eof] . xh'/cfdf / sfsfsf] x]/rfxaf6 pgL / pgsf

efOalxgLx¿ x's]{sf lyP . pgsf b'O{j6f efO tyf Pp6L alxgL lyP . b'O{j6f

efOx¿dWo] Ps hgf kf]v/fdf / Ps hgf sf7df08f}df 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf

sfd ug]{ uy]{ . alxgL rflx+ ;fg} ePsf]n] xh'/cfdf;Fu a:blyOg\ . pgL rflx+

lj/f6gu/sf] Pshgf pBf]ukltsxfF a;]sL lyOg\ . !# jif{sL dgs'df/Ln] :s'n

hfg] tLa| dg x'Fbfx'Fb} klg o:tf] cj;/ slxNo} kfOgg\ . laxfgb]lv a]n'sf !)

ah];Dd efG;fs} wGbf ub}{ pgnfO{ 7Ls x'GYof] . efG;fsf] sfdaf6 km';{b kfPsf]

a]nf n'uf w'g] tyf cGo ;/;kmfO ug]{ sfd ug'{kb{Yof] . pgnfO{ c?sf] cfdfafa'n]

5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ dfof u/]sf] b]Vbf pgnfO{ cfkm\gf cfdfafa'sf] ;Demgfn] ;tfpFYof]

413/]n' afn>d kl/ro

/ c?n] gb]Vg] u/L n's]/ ?g] ub{lyg\ .

pgnfO{ dlxgfjf/L ? @)) .– lbOg] ul/GYof] . Tof] klg dflnsn] xh'/cfdfnfO{

lbg] u/]sf] x'gfn] pgL Tof] k};f cfkm" rnfpg kfpFlbglyOg\ . dflnssf 5f]/fx¿af6

k6s–k6s of}g zf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ x'g'kb{Yof] t/ pgsf] ph'/L ;'Gg]

sf]xL lyPg . Psk6s cfkm"dfly ePsf] o:tf] Jojxf/sf] af/]df dflnSgL;Fu eGbf

dflnSgLn] pN6} cfkm\gf 5f]/fsf] kIf lnP/ dgs'df/LnfO{ huN6\ofPsL lyOg\ .


!=dgs'df/L s;/L 3/]n' afn>lds aGg k'lug\ <

@= pgn] s]–s] sfdx¿ ug'{kb{Yof] <

#= dgs'df/L] s]—s:tf zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/sf] ;fdgf ug{ afWo lyOg\ <

$= pgsf s]–s] clwsf/x¿ vf]l;Psf 5g\ <

%= pgsf] ljBdfg cj:yfdf s] s;/L ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsPnf <

!*= 3/]n' >ddf /x]sf] hf]lvdsf] af/]df hfgsf/L gx'g'

s'g} klg k|sf/sf] afn>dsf] kl5 afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tfug]{ s'/f lhDd]jf/ x'G5 . kl/jf/ jf cleefjssf] x]/rfx gubf{ afnaflnsfx¿n]s] s:tf cK7\of/fx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ kl/jf/, cleefjs tyfjo:sx¿n] a]jf:tf ug]{ xf] eg] afnaflnsfx¿dfly kg]{ ;a} hf]lvdx¿nfO{ ;xh9+un] lng k'luG5 . 3/]n' >ddf k9\g,] v]Ng] nufotsf clwsf/x¿af6 al~rtx'g], pd]/sf] t'ngfdf ux|f+} ;fdfg prfNg'kg]{, lagfcf/fd nfdf] ;do;Dd sfdubf{ cToflws ysfg x'g], a]lrOg ;Sg], of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/df kg{;Sg], cfuf]n]kf]Ng], s/]06 nfUg], rf]6k6s nfUg] nufotsf hf]lvdx¿ x'G5g\ . oL hf]lvdx¿nfO{uDeL/tfk"j{s gln+bf cGo >dsf] t'ngfdf of] >dnfO{ ;xh, ;'/lIft, pQd >dsf]¿kdf lnOg] ul/G5 . kl/0ffd:j¿k 3/]n' afn>dsf] dfucg';f/ k"lt{ eO g} /xG5 .:jo+ s}of}+ s]6Lx¿n] pgLx¿n] /f]huf/L ug'{ k/]sf] cj:yfdf 3/]n' >dnfO{ g} klxnf]k|fyldstf lbg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;n] olb /f]huf/bftfn] Jojxfl/s ¿kdf g} c;nJojxf/ u5{g\, kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] ¿kdf x]b{5g\, :s'n hfg] cj;/ lbG5g\ eg]afnaflnsfdfly x'g] hf]lvdsf] dfqf sd x'G5 . afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f x'G5 .


rf/3/]n' afn>dsf] cj:yf

3/]n' afn>d k|ToIf ¿kdf g;'lgg], gb]lvg], 5l/P/ /x]sf], kx'Fr k'Ug g;s]sf]>d xf] .

o;}n] of] If]qsf] ;a}eGbf sd cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] 5 . k|foM 3/sf] rf/ kvf{nleq/x]/ sfd ug]{ x'gfn] afn>ldsx¿sf] ;+Vof kQf nufpg klg sl7g 5 . csf{lt/3/]n' afn>dnfO{ afn>dsf] ¿kdf glnO{ :jefljs / ;fdfGo sfdsf] ¿kdflnOg] ul/G5 .

ljZjdf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ slt 5g\ <

ljZjdf @ ca{eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ afn>ddf ;+nUg 5g\ .

cfO=Pn= cf]=sf cg';f/ o;sf] slt k|ltzt efu 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n]cf]u6]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f olsg ug{ sl7g 5 t/ h] eP klg o;sf] w]/}h;f]efu 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg ePsf !^ jif{d'lgsf aflnsfx¿n] cf]u6]sf 5g\ .

O08f]g]l;ofsf] hfsftf{df dfq & nfv 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ !* jif{d'lgsf5g\ .

xfO6Ldf @ nfv %) xhf/ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] !) k|ltzt !)jif{d'lgsf 5g\ .

k]?sf] /fhwfgL lndfdf sl/a ! nfv %) xhf/ afn>ldsx¿ 5g\ .

433/]n' afn>d kl/ro

>Ln+sfdf ! nfv afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg 5g\ .

p?Uj]df !$ jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf #$ k|ltzt afn>ldsx¿ 3/]n' sfddfnfu]sf 5g\ .

a|flhndf % nfv %( xhf/ afnaflnsf 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf sfo{/t5g\ .

e]g]h'Pnfdf sfo{/t >lds s]6Lx¿dWo] ^) k|ltzt >lds s]6Lx¿3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg 5g\ / pgLx¿sf] pd]/ !) b]lv !$ jif{;Ddsf]/x]sf] 5 .

s]Gofdf @ nfv 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

ef/tdf !$ jif{d'lgsf s'n afn>ldsdWo] @) k|ltzt 3/]n' afn>ddf;+nUg 5g\ .

a+unfb]zsf] 9fsfdf # nfv afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg 5g\ .

kfls:tfgdf @ nfv ^$ xhf/ 3/]n' afn>lds 5g\ .

leotgfdsf] /fhwfgL xgf]Odf ePsf s'n 3/ ;+Vofdf k|To]s !)) j6f3/dWo] Pp6fn] Ps hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg u/fPsf 5g\ .

blIf0f clkm|sfdf !% jif{d'lgsf @) nfv *% xhf/ * ;o !$ hgfafnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' afn>lds 5g\ .

ljZj a}+sn] ;g\ !(&% df u/]sf] ;j]{If0f cg';f/ ef/tdf !% nfv 3/]n'afn>ldsx¿ ePsf] cg'dfg u/]sf] lyof] .

cGo b]zsf] t'ngfdf ef/t, kfls:tfg, g]kfn / a+unfb]zdf lgs} ;fg} pd]/sf

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ ul/G5 . oL b]zx¿df

^÷* jif{s} pd]/b]lv 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf sfd nufO;lsPsf] x'G5 .

yfONof08 / lkmlnlkG;df afn>ldssf] cj:yf zf]if0fo'Qm eP klg s]xL

;'wf/f]Gd'v 5 . lsgls tL b]zsf afn>ldsx¿ / /f]huf/bftfx¿aLr k|i6

;dembf/L x'G5 .


g]kfndf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ slt 5g\ <

g]kfnsf ljleGg ;x/x¿df !* jif{d'lgsf s'n %% xhf/ ^%% 3/]n'

afn>lds /x]sf] tyf To;dWo] $@ xhf/ ̂ &$ 3/]n' afn>lds !$ jif{d'lgsf

/x]sf] cg'dfg 5 .

sf7df08f}+ ;x/df dfq} @!))) eGbf a9L 3/]n' afn>lds /x]sf 5g\ .

3/]n' afn>dsf] cf};t cfo' !#=$ aif{ /x]sf] 5 eg] ;aeGbf sd pd]/sf]afn>ldssf] pd]/ ̂ jif{sf] 5 / pgLx¿dWo] (* k|ltzt cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf;fy a:b}gg\ .

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ lbgsf] !# b]lv !% 306f;Dd sfd ub{5g\ . (@k|ltztn] laxfg & aHg'eGbf cl3b]lv g} sfd ;'? u5{g\ eg] (&=^ k|ltztn];ftfdf ;ft} lbg sfd ug'{kb{5 .

3/]n' afn>ldsdWo] sl/a cfwfn] lagfkfl/>lds sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .pgLx¿nfO{ kfl/>lds lbOPsf] 5 jf 5}g cyjf lgoldt ¿kdf kfl/>ldslbOPsf] 5 jf 5|}g eGg] s'/f pgLx¿nfO{ g} yfx 5}g . kfl/>lds kfO/x]sfx¿dWo](& k|ltztn] dlxgfsf] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF eGbf sd kfpF5g\ / ^$=% k|ltztn]dlxgfsf] kfFr ;o ?lkofFeGbf sd kfp‘5g\ . 3/]n' afn>ldsdWo] $) k|ltztn]jif{sf] kfFr xhf/ ?lkofFeGbf sd tna kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

3/]n'[ afn>ldsdWo] cfwfn] pgLx¿sf dflnsn] pgLx¿nfO{ emkfg]{ u/]sf]jf lk6\g] u/]sf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf lgs[i6 :j¿kdf afn>d;DaGwL tYox¿

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] afn>d pGd"ng;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfo{qmd -cfO{=Pn=cf]cfOk]s_ n] g]kfndf lgs[i6 k|sf/sf afn>dsf ;ft If]qdf cfkm\gf] ;xof]us]lGb«t u/]sf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] lgs[i6 k|sf/sf afn>ldssf ¿kdf ;d]l6g'kg]{cGo s}of} If]qx¿ klg klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . oL If]qx¿df 3/]n' afn>ldssfcltl/Qm a]rlavg, un}+rf sf/vfgfx¿, vfgL÷OF6f e§fx¿ Pj+ 9'Ëf vfgLx¿,sjf8L ;Ísn, ;fdfg 9'jfgL tyf aFw'jf dhb'/L kb{5g\ .

453/]n' afn>d kl/ro

g]kfndf @^ nfv afn>ldsx¿ 5g\ .

% b]lv !$ jif{;Ddsf @^ nfv afnaflnsf cfly{s ¿kdf ;lqmo 5g\ .

% jif{b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf @ nfv &( xhf/ afnaflnsf Hofnf dhb'/Ldf;+nUg 5g\ .

% jif{b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf ! nfv @& xhf/ afnaflnsfnfO{ lgs[i6k|sf/sf afn>ddf nufOPsf] 5 .

k]df tfdfªsf] syf

* jif{sf k]dfsf] 3/ kfFry/ xf] . k]dfsf a'afsf] ;DklQsf] gfddf Pp6f em'k|f] dfq

lyof] . pgL ufpFd} hgjg u/]/ u'hf/f rnfpg] uby]{ . pgsf] a9L /S;L vfg] afgL

klg lyof] . To;dfly ( hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg pgnfO{ sl7g eO/x]sf] lyof] . o;}n]

kl/jf/sf] nfngkfng ug]{ af]em clnslt eP klg xNsf kfg{ pgsf a'afn]

k]dfnfO{ sfd klg ug]{ / df}sf kfP k9\g] klg eg]/ Ps hgf cfkmGtsf] ;fy nufO{

sf7df08f}+ k7fP . gft]bf/n] pgnfO{ sf7df08f}sf] Pp6f 3/df /flvlbP .

/f]huf/bftfn] tL gft]bf/;Fu k]dfnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] x]/larf/ ug]{ / pgsf] af/]df

pgsf afa'cfdfn] s'g} klg lrGtf ug'{ gkg]{ s'/f atfP . ToxfF pgnfO{ s]jn vfg

/ nfpg dfq lbOGYof] . t/ sfd eg] laxfgb]lv a]n's};Dd efF8f dfem\g], 3/ ;kmf

ug]{, n'uf w'g], dflnssf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ :s"n;Dd k'¥ofpg] / Nofpg] sfd ug'{kb{Yof] .

ToxfF pgn] /ftlbg ufnL unf}h ;'Gg'kb{Yof] . ;fgf—;fgf] uNtLdf klg s'6fO vfg'

kb{Yof] . To; 3/sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ :s'n k'¥ofpg hfFbf pgnfO{ klg ToxL

:s"ndf k9\g kfP x'GYof] h:tf] nfUYof] . To;}n] pgL dflnssf 5f]/f5f]/L :s'n

k'u]kl5 plk|m+b} sIfflt/ uPsf] b[Zo lgl/x cfFvfn] x]l//xGy] . ladf/L ePsf]

a]nf;d]t pgn] sfdaf6 km';{b kfpFb}g lyP .


3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] l:ylt

;fdfGotof afn>ldsx¿sf] nflu sfdsf] sfof{jlw / sfo{:yn tf]lsPsf]x'Fb}g . /f]huf/bftfn] h] sfd hltv]/ hxfF u/ eG5g\ ToxL sfd elgPsf] 7fpF/ ;dodf ug'{kb{5, h'g lbg jf /ftsf] ;dodf klg x'g;S5 .

a+unfb]z, O08f]g]l;of, kfls:tfg / lkmlnlkG;sf afn>ldsx¿n] cf};t !%306feGbf a9L ;do;Dd sfd ug]{ ub{5g\ . g]kfnnufot k|foM b]zx¿dfpgLx¿n] ug'{kg]{ sfdx¿df vfgf ksfpg], efF8f dfem\g], /f]huf/bftfsf kl/jf/sfn'uf sk8fdf cfO/g nufpg], s'rf] nufpg], e'O+{ k'5\g], lsgd]n ug]{,/f]huf/bftfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] x]/rfx ug]{, vftf, lstfasf] emf]nfx¿ af]lslbP/:s'n;Dd nfg] / Nofpg] sfd cflb .

s'g} ;do km';{b eof] eg] klg aflx/ hfg], ;fyLx¿;Fu e]63f6 ug]{ cg'dltkfpFb}gg\ . k|foM u/]/ k|d'v rf8kj{x¿df dfq 3/ hfg] cg'dlt kfpg] u5{g\ .

;'Tg], vfg] ;jfndf klg /f]huf/bftfx¿sf] eGbf lgDg :t/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ul/G5 . /f]huf/bftfx¿n] vfg] vfgfeGbf tNnf] :t/sf] vfgf vfg lbOG5 .vfgf vfg] a]nfdf /f]huf/bftfsf kl/jf/n] vfO;s]kl5 dfq p;nfO{ vfgcg'dlt lbOG5 . pgLx¿sf] k|fo lglZrt ;'Tg] :yfg x'Fb}g, efG5f3/ jf/f]huf/bftfsf] afnaflnsf ;'Tg] sf]7fsf] e'O{+df ;'tfOG5 .

473/]n' afn>d kl/ro

kfFrafnclwsf/ / 3/]n' afn>d

!= afnclwsf/;DaGwL cjwf/0ffsf] k[i7e"ld

;g\ !(!$ b]lv !(!*;Dd ePsf] k|yd ljZjo'4sf] sf/0faf6 ePsf] wghgsf]Iflt / k|fs[lts ljgfzn] ljZjd} eo / qf;sf] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf u¥of] . o'4dfljikmf]l6t ad, af?b, uf]nL / w'jfFn] ;a}eGbf a9L afnaflnsfnfO{ g} l;sf/agfof] . o;}n] eljiodf o; k|sf/sf] o'4sf] eoaf6 afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]ufpg /pgLx¿sf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug{sf] nflu ;j{k|yd ;]e b lrN8«]g km08o'=s]=sL ;+:yflksf PUn]G6fOg h]jn] afnclwsf/;DaGwL cjwf/0ff cufl8 NofOg\ .o;nfO{ ;g\ !(@# df afnarfp cGt/f{li6«o o'lgogn] afnclwsf/;DaGwL3f]if0ffkqsf] ¿kdf dfGotf k|bfg u¥of] . o;nfO{ æh]g]ef 3f]if0ffkqÆ klg eGg]ul/G5 .

;g\ !(@$ df lnu ckm g]zG;n] o; h]g]ef 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ kfl/t u/L cf}krfl/s¿kdf afnclwsf/sf] cjwf/0ffsf] ;"qkft u¥of] . ;g\ !($* df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3åf/fkfl/t ul/Psf] dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqn] afnclwsf/;DaGwLcjwf/0ffsf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] sfd u¥of] . o:t} ;g\ !(%( df;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3åf/f k|ltkflbt !) a'Fb] afnclwsf/;DaGwL ljZj–3f]if0ffkqn]afnaflnsfsf] afFRg] clwsf/ / afnljsf;sf] clwsf/dfly hf]8 lbof] . o;kl5;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ;g\ !(&( nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o afnjif{sf] ¿kdf dgfof] . o;sf] bzjif{kl5 cyf{t\ ;g\ !(*( gf]e]Da/ @) tfl/vdf /fi6«;+3sf] dxf;efn]afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw kfl/t u/L afnclwsf/sf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ km8\sf]df¥of] . To;}u/L !(() df ;DkGg afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljZj lzv/ ;Dd]ngn];Da4 /fi6«x¿nfO{ afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu /fli6«o sfo{qmd th'{df u/L nfu" ug{]s'/fdf hf]8 lbof] .


;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ;g\ @))) df afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw cGt/utsf æ;z:q ;+3if{dfafnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtfÆ tyf æafnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg afn b]xJofkf/ /afnaflnsfsf] clZnn lrq0fÆ;DaGwL b'O{j6f P]lR5s ;lGwkqx¿ kfl/t u/]sf]5 . ;g\ @))! df o;n] æafnaflnsfsf] nflu h'6f}+Æ eGg] cfx\jfg ub}{ æafnaflnsfsf]nflu ljZjJofkL cleofgÆ ;+rfng u¥of] . ;g\ @))@ sf] d] dlxgfdf ;DkGgePsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dxf;efsf] ljz]if a}7s -UNGASS_ n] o; bzssfnflu afnaflnsf;DaGwL gof‘ ljZjJofkL nIo / sfo{;"rL agfof], h;nfO{æafnaflnsfsf] nflu ;'xfpFbf] ljZjÆ eGg] gfd lbOPsf] 5 .

@= afnclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw

@=! afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw !(*(

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dxf;efn] ;g\ !(*( sf] gf]e]Da/ @) df kfl/t u/]sf]afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw ljZjel/s} d'n'sx¿sf] nflu afnclwsf/;DaGwLPp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;femf ;Demf}tf kq xf] . afnaflnsfx¿ ;+;f/sf] h'g;'s} 7fpFdfhGd]– x's]{ klg pgLx¿sf] cwf/e"t cfjZostf eg]sf] dfof, ddtf, ;dembf/L,;+/If0f, :jf:Yo lzIff / kf]if0f g} x'g\ . To;}n] k|To]s /fHon] cfkm\gf efjL;Gtltsf] pHjn eljiosf] nflu ljz]if rf;f] /fv"g\ eGg] p2]Zon] of] dxf;lGwsf]lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf @) ;b:o /fi6«x¿n] cg'df]bg ul/;s]kl5;g\ !(() ;]K6]Da/ @ b]lv cf}krfl/s ¿kdf nfu" ePsf] of] dxf;lGwnfO{ g]kfnn]!$ ;]K6]Da/ !(() df lgMzt{ cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))! ;Dddf !(!j6f /fi6«x¿n] o; dxf;lGwsf] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . cg'df]bg ug]{ /fi6«x¿n]o; dxf;lGwnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] ¿kdf kfng ug'{kb{5 .

dxf;lGwdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x¿nfO{ ;/n 9+un] a'em\gsf nflu rf/ ;d"xdfljeflht ug{ ;lsG5 . ;d"xut ¿kdf ljefhg ul/P tfklg oL ;a} ;d"xsfclwsf/x¿ Ps cfk;df gª df;' h:t} 5'6\ofpg gldNg] / cGt/lge{/ 5g\ . oLrf/ ;d"xx¿ lgDgk|sf/ 5g\ M

s= afFRg kfpg] clwsf/

afFRg kfpg' afnaflnsfsf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ xf] . ue{df cfPb]lv g} ;'/Iff kfpg'tyf ue{jtL dlxnfsf] ljz]if :ofxf/af6 afnaflnsfn] ;'/lIft lsl;daf6 hGdgkfpg'kb{5 .

493/]n' afn>d kl/ro

hGd]kl5 kf]if0fo'Qm cfxf/, ;'/lIft cfjf;, :j:y jftfj/0f, ;kmf kfgL, vf]k tyfk|fylds pkrf/nufotsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿sf] Joj:yfnufotsf clwsf/x¿o; ;d"xleq kb{5g\ .

v= ;+/If0f kfpg] clwsf/

k|To]s afnaflnsfn] e]befj, afn>d, zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/, ckx]ngf, pTkL8g Pj+hf]lvdo'Qm sfd tyf o'4df ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ l:ylt, cf];f/k;f/ tyf a]rlavg /afa'–cfdfaf6 cnlUug'kg]{ nufotsf l:yltaf6 ;'/lIft x'g kfpg'kb{5 . ckfËtyf 6'x'/f afnaflnsfsf] nflu ljz]if Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . ;Dk"0f{ afnaflnsfnfO{sfg'gL ;+/If0f k|fKt x'g'kg]{ nufotsf clwsf/x¿ o; ;d"xleq kb{5g\ .

u= ljsf; ug{ kfpg] clwsf/

:jR5 jftfj/0fdf ;fy{s lzIff k|fKt ug{ kfpg], dgf]/~hg, v]n / cf/fd ug]{,cfdfafa'sf] ;dfg dfof ddtf kfpg], plrt :jf:Yof]krf/nufotsf plrthLjg:t/sf nflu rflxg] Pj+ afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, g}lts, ;fdflhsljsf;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;'ljwf / cj;/x¿ k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/x¿ o;;d"xleq kb{5g\ .

3= ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/

o; ;d"xleq afnaflnsfn] ;xefuL x'g kfpg], afnaflnsfsf] hLjgdf k|efjkfg]{ gLlt lg0f{ox¿df cfkm\gf] s'/f ;'gfjfO ug]{ / ;f] ljrf/sf] sb/ ul/g'kg]{,/rgfTds sfo{, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts lqmofsnfk tyf hLjgsf x/]s kIfdflagf /f]s6f]s / lagf e]befj ;xefuL x'g kfpg], cf:yfcg';f/sf] wd{df ;+nUgx'g], s'g} klg s'/fsf] hfgsf/L /fVg / cleJoQm ug{, ;+3–;+:yf vf]Ng jf ;xefuL

x'g kfpg] nufotsf clwsf/x¿ kb{5g\ .

afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwn] ckgfPsf cfwf/e"tl;4fGtx¿

afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwn] lgDg rf/ l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5 . log}

rf/ l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;dfhdf eP u/]sf sfdx¿ afnclwsf/sf]

kIfdf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eg]/ hfFRg ;lsG5 .


!= e]befj/lxt

dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @ cg';f/ ;a} afnsflnsfnfO{ e]befj tyf kIfkft gul/sg;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x¿ pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ pm jf p;sfafa'cfdf, cleefjssf] hflt, /+u, ln+u, efiff, wd{ /fhg}lts jf cGo cf:yf,/fli6«o, hftLo jf ;fdflhs pTklt, ;DklQ, czQmtf, hGd jf cGo x}l;otsf]cfwf/df e]befj gu/L ;dfg ¿kdf ;Ddfg ug'{kb{5 .

@= afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt

wf/f # cg';f/ afnaflnsfsf nflu ul/g] k|To]s sfo{x¿df afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{QdlxtnfO{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs tyf sNof0fsf/L ;+:yfx¿, cbfnt, k|zf;lgslgsfo, ljwflosf nufot ;a}n] afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt sfds'/f ubf{afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 .

#= bL3{ hLjg / ljsf;

wf/f ̂ n] afnaflnsfsf] afFRg kfpg] hGdl;4 clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 .afnaflnsfsf] bL3{ hLjg / ljsf;sf nflu /fHon] oyf;Dej a9LeGbf a9Lk|of; ug'{kb{5 .

$= afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjgfsf] sb/

wf/f !@ n] afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{kfpg'kg]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjgfsf] sb/ ub}{pgLx¿sf] pd]/ kl/kSjtfcg';f/ To;nfO{ plrt dfGotf klg lbOg'kb{5 .afnaflnsfnfO{ klg ;dfhsf] Ps cleGg c+u dfgL ;xefuL u/fOg'kb{5 .

afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwdf ePsf k|d'v k|fjwfgx¿

wf/f ! M /fli6«o sfg'gn] afNofj:yfsf] Go"gtd pd]/ gtf]lslbP;Dd !* jif{d'lgsf;a}nfO{ afnaflnsf dflgg]5 .

wf/f @ M k|To]s afnaflnsfn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befj jf kIfkftlagf ;a}clwsf/x¿ pkef]u ug{ kfpg\ eGg] s'/f /fHox¿n] ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .

513/]n' afn>d kl/ro

wf/f #,$ M cbfntx¿n,] sNof0fsf/L ;+:yfx¿n] jf k|zf;lgs lgsfox¿n]afnaflnsfsf ljifodf sf/afxL ubf{ afnsflnsfsf ;jf]{Qd lxtx¿k|lt k|fyldsWofg lbg'kg]{5 . afnaflnsfsf] dfdnfdf ljj]sk"0f{ Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{5 .

wf/f ̂ M k|To]s afnaflnsfsf] afFRg kfpg] hGdl;4 clwsf/ 5 . ctM /fHox¿n]afnaflnsfsf] hLjgsf] clwstd /Iff / ljsf; ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .

wf/f &,* M k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ gfpF / /fli6«otf kfpg] hGdl;4 clwsf/ x'g]5 .

wf/f !),!! M afnaflnsfsf] sNof0fsf nflu of]Uo clwsf/Lx¿n] afnaflnsfnfO{cfkm\gf] b]zsf] l;dfgfleq jf aflx/ e|d0f ug]{ cg'dlt lbP/ kl/jf/sf] k'gld{ngsfnflu ;'ljwf k|bfg ug'{kg]{5 .

wf/f ^, @^, @& M afnaflnsfnfO{ x'sf{pg] a9fpg] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L afa'cfdfsf]x'G5 . t/ /fHox¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ o;sf] nflu plrt ;xof]u h'6fOlbg'k5{ /lzz'–:ofxf/;DaGwL ;+:yfx¿sf] ljsf; ug'{ kg]{5 .

wf/f !(, #$, #^ M /fHox¿n] afnaflnsfnfO{ of}gb'Jo{jxf/ jf zf]if0fnufotzf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgf, x]nfaf6 hf]ufpg'kg]{5 .

wf/f @), @! M /fHox¿n] 6'x'/f tyf pk]lIft afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu ;'xf‘pbf]j}slNks x]/rfxsf] k|aGw ldnfpg' kg]{5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL/fVg] k|lqmofnfO{ ljj]s k'¥ofO{ lgodj4 kfg'{ kg]{ wd{lktf jf wd{dftfn] afns jfaflnsf hlGdPsf] d'n'saf6 cGoq n}hfg rfxG5g\ eg] afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0ftyf sfg'gL dfGotf ;'lglZrt kfg]{ cGt/f{li6«o lgodkqx¿ tof/ kfg{'kg]{5 .

wf/f @# M ckfËtf ePdf afnaflnsfn] ljz]if pkrf/, lzIff / x]/rfx kfpg]clwsf/nfO{ /fHox¿n] ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 .

wf/f @$ M :jf:Yonfe ug]{ clwsf/ afnaflnsfsf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ xf] . /fHox¿n]afnaflnsfnfO{ nfUg] /f]usf /f]syfdsf pkfox¿, :jf:Yo lzIff / afnd[To'b/36fpg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbP/ ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;]jf / x]/rfxaf/]df ;'lglZrt kfg'{kg]{5 .

wf/f @*, @( M k|fylds lzIffnfO{ lgMz'Ns / clgjfo{ agfpg'kg]{5 . x/]s lgodsfg'gn] afnaflnsfsf] cl:tTjsf] ;Ddfg /fVg'kb{5 . lzIff, afnaflnsfdf;dembf/L, zflGt / ;lxi0f'tfsf] efjgf a9fpg] / ;+/If0f ug]{ vfnsf] x'g' kg]{5 .


wf/f #! M afnaflnsfn] cf/fd lng] / v]Ng] ;do kfpg'kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy};f+:s[lts tyf ;[hgzLn lqmofsnfkx¿sf nflu ljgfe]befj ;dfg cj;/x¿kfpg'kg]{5 .

wf/f !$, #) M cNk;+Vos hfltsf / :jb]zL d"nsf afnaflnsfx¿n] cfkm\g};+:s[lt, wd{ / efiff lgjf{w ¿kn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg'kg]{5 .

wf/f #@ M /fHox¿n] afnaflnsfnfO{ cfly{s zf]if0faf6 / dhb'/L ug{af6 tyflzIffdf afwf k'¥ofpg] sfd jf pgLx¿sf :jf:Yo / sNof0fdf xfgL k'¥ofpg]sfdaf6 hf]ufpg'kg]{5 .

wf/f ## M /fHox¿n] afnaflnsfnfO{ nfu" kbfy{sf] u}/sfg'gL k|of]uaf6 / nfu"kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ / cf];f/–k;f/ ug]{ sfddf ;l/s x'gaf6 hf]ufpg'kg]{5 .

wf/f #% M afnaflnsfsf] ckx/0f / cf];f/–k;f/ ug{] sfd lgd"{n ug{ ;a}vfn]k|oTgx¿ ul/g'kg]{5 .

wf/f #&, $) M !* jif{ k'Ug'eGbf cl3 ul/Psf ck/fwx¿df d[To'b08 jf cfhLjgsf/fjf;sf] ;hfo lbOg' x'Fb}g . y'gfdf /flvPsf afnaflnsfnfO{ jo:sx¿af6cnu /flvg'kg]{5 . pgLx¿nfO{ oftgf lbg'x'‘b}g . lgd{d of ckdfghgs Jojxf/ul/g'x'Fb}g . afnlaHofOF;DaGwL d'2fx¿ lsgf/f ug{ 5'§} afncbfntsf] u7gug'{kg]{5 .

wf/f #* M s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;z:q ;]gfdf egf{ ug{ / n8fO‘df k|ToIfefu lng nufpg' x'Fb}g . ;z:q d'7e]8 rn]sf] 7fpFdf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ljz]if ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{kg]{5 .

wf/f #( M b'Jo{jxf/, x]nf ef]Ug' k/]sf jf y'gfdf k/]sf afnaflnsfn] k'gM :jf:Yonfe / k'gM k|lt:yfkgsf nflu plrt Jojxf/ / k|lzIf0f kfpg'kg]{5 .

wf/f $@ Mwf/f $@ Mwf/f $@ Mwf/f $@ Mwf/f $@ M /fHox¿n] jo:sx¿ tyf afnaflnsf b'j}nfO{ dxf;lGwdf pNn]lvtafnclwsf/x¿af/] Jofks ¿kdf hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .

dxf;lGwsf /fHokIfx¿n] dxf;lGw cg'df]bg u/]sf] @ jif{kl5 klxnf] / To;kl5x/]s % jif{df dxf;lGwcg'¿k ePsf tyf x'g g;s]sf sfd–sf/jfxL;DaGwLk|ltj]bg bz hgf ljz]if1x¿ ePsf] ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3sf] afnclwsf/ ;ldltdfa'emfpg'kg]{5 .

533/]n' afn>d kl/ro

5afn>d;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw

;Demf}tfx¿

s_ cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dxf;efn] @% d] @))) df æafnaflnsfsf] ;z:q ;+3if{df

;+nUgtfÆ tyf æafnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, afnb]xJofkf/ tyf afnaflnsfsf] clZnn

lrq0fÆ ;DaGwL afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf b'O{ j6f ;lGwkqx¿ kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfnn] oL ;lGwkqx¿df ;g\ @))) d} k|ltj4tf hgfO;s]sf] 5 .

!= ;z:q ;+3if{df afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtf;DaGwL P]lR5s ;lGwkqdf

ePsf d"n k|fjwfgx¿ M

!* jif{d'lgsfnfO{ k|ToIf ;+3if{df ;+nUg x'gaf6 /f]Sg] .

/fli6«o ;z:q bndf :j]lR5s ;+nUgtfsf] pd]/ a9fpg] / !* jif{d'lgsfnfO{

/fli6«o ;z:q bndf ;+nUg u/fpg ljz]if ;'/Iff ckgfpg'kg]{, cleefjssf]

:jLs[lt lng'kg]{, ;}lgs ;]jfdf k"/f ug'{kg]{ lhd]jf/Laf/] k"0f{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'

kg]{ of] jf:tjd} :j]lR5s x'g'kg]{ . /fHosf] ;z:q bnafx]s s;}n] klg !*

jif{d'lgsfnfO{ ;z:q sf/afxLdf ;+nUg u/fpg gkfpg] u/L ;a} cfjZos

pkfo ckgfpg] .


@= afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, afnb]xJofkf/ / afnaflnsfsf] clZnn

lrq0f;DaGwL P]lR5s ;lGwkqdf ePsf k|d'v k|fjwfgx¿ M

afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, afnb]xJofkf/ / afnaflnsfsf] clZnn lrqnfO{

k|ltaGw nufpg] .

#= /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o >d

;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw g+= !#* ;g\ !(&#

/fHon] afn>d pGd"ng ug]{ sfo{ lglZrt ug{ tyf /f]huf/Ldf jf sfddf ;+nUg

x'g] Go"gtd pd]/ tf]Sg tyf sd pd]/sf JolQmx¿sf] k"0f{ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s

ljsf;;Fu ldNg] u/L k|ultzLn ¿kdf a9fpFb} n}hfg tof/ ul/Psf] /fli6«o gLlt

cjnDag ug]{5g\ . -wf/f !_

/f]huf/Lsf nflu Go"gtd pd]/ clgjfo{ lzIff k"/f ubf{ k'Ug] pd]/eGbf sd

x'g]5}g . ;fy} of] pd]/sf] xb s'g} klg cj:yfdf !% jif{eGbf sd x'g]5}g .

-wf/f @=#_

cfly{s, z}lIfs ;'ljwf kof{Kt ljsl;t gePsf] o; dxf;lGwsf] kIf /fi6«n]

;DalGwt /f]huf/bftf tyf sfdbf/x¿sf] ;+u7g ePdf ltgLx¿;Fu ;Nnfx u/L

;'?df Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ sfod ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -wf/f @=$_

/f]huf/Lsf nflu Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ tf]s]sf x/]s kIf /fi6«x¿n] dxf;lGwsf]

sfof{Gjog;DaGwL k|ltj]bgdf Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ tf]Sg'sf sf/0f / ljrf/fwLg

/x]sf k|fjwfgcGtu{tsf cfkm"n] k|fKt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/x¿ kl/Tofu ug{ tf]lsPsf]

ldlt v'nfpg'kb{5 .

/f]huf/L jf sfo{sf] k|s[lt jf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ kl/l:yltn] sd pd]/sf JolQmx¿sf]

:jf:Yo ;'/Iff jf g}ltstf vt/fdf kg{;Sg] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] sfo{ /f]huf/Ldf

;+nUg x'g] Go"gtd pd]/ !* jif{eGbf sd x'g]5}g .

g]kfnn] ;g\ !((& d] #) df o; dxf;lGwnfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 .

553/]n' afn>d kl/ro

$= lgs[i6 cj:yfsf] afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf]

dxf;lGw g+= !*@ – h'g !, ;g\ !(((

dxf;lGwn] !* jif{d'lgsf ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdo'Qm >ddf nufpg lgif]wu/]sf] 5 .

dxf;lGwn] hf]lvdo'Qm afn>dleq lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 M

!= bf;Tj jf ;f] ;/xsf ;a} :j¿kx¿, afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, cf];f/k;f/,C0f aFw'jf, afFwf>d, ;z:q ;+3if{sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] clgjfo{ jf ha/h:tLegf{nufot s'g} klg ha/h:tL jf clgjfo{ >d .

@= b]xJofkf/, clZnn lrq0f jf k|bz{gx¿sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u, k|flKt jfck{0f .

#= u}/ 'gL lqmofsnfkx¿ vf;u/L nfu" cf}ifwx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf]nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u, k|flKt jf ck{0f .

$= afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff jf g}ltstfdf xfgL k'¥ofpg ;Sg] sfo{x¿ .

% =cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] l;kmfl/; g+= !()

o;n] lgDg sfo{x¿nfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{sf ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 M

!= zf/Ll/s, dgf]j}1flgs / of}gb'Jo{jxf/ x'g;Sg] sfo{

@= hldgd'lg, kfgLd'lg, vt/gfs prfO jf aGb :yfgdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{

#= vt/gfs oGqx¿, pks/0fx¿ / cf}hf/x¿;Fusf] sfo{ jf ux|f}+ jhgx¿ xft}n];+rfng jf cf];f/k;f/ ug'{kg]{ sfo{

$= c:j:Yo jftfj/0fdf ul/g] sfo{, cToflws tfk, Wjlg, sDkgdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{

%= sl7g aGb]hdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{, nfdf] ;do;Dd ug'{kg]{, /ftdf ug'{kg]{ sfo,{y'gfdf /fv]/ ul/g] sfo{ .


o; dxf;lGwsf] tTsfn sfof{Gjogsf nflu o;nfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{ /fi6«x¿n]cToGt v/fa jf hf]lvdo'Qm >dsf] klxrfg u/L ;f]sf] lgd"{ngsf nflu /f]huf/bftf,6]«8 o'lgognufot;Fu k/fdz{ u/L sfo{of]hgf agfpg'kg]{ tyf >lds afnaflnsfsf]/fxt, k'g:yf{kgf Pj+ ;fdflhs k'gP{sLs/0fsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{,pgLx¿sf] nflu lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t lzIff / Joj;flos tflnd pknAw u/fpg'kg]{h:tf bfloTj klg k|i6 tf]s]sf] 5 . o; sfo{df ljz]iftM slnnf afnaflnsfx¿,vf;u/L aflnsfx¿ hf]lvddf kg]{ cb[Zo >dIf]qx¿ h:t} 3/]n' afn>dnufotcGo ljz]if cj:yfdf /x]sf] afnaflnsfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ s'/f klg pNn]v5 .

g]kfnn] o; dxf;lGwnfO{ ;g\ @))) sf] hgj/Ldf cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 .

v_ If]qLo dxf;lGwx¿

blIf0f Pl;ofsf g]kfn, ef/t, a+unfb]z, kfls:tfg, e"6fg, >Ln+sf / dflNbE;u/L & j6f b]zx¿sf] sf7df08f}df @))@ hgj/L % df ePsf] P3f/f}+ ;fs{ lzv/;Dd]ngn] blIf0f Pl;ofnL afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf nflu Pp6f tyf o; If]qdfJofKt /x]sf] b]xJofkf/sf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ ug]{ ck/fwsf] lj?4 csf]{ u/L hDdf b'O{ j6f ;fs{ dxf;lGw kfl/tu/]sf lyP . oL If]qLo dxf;lGwx¿n] o; If]qsf] afnclwsf/sf] k|j4{gdf dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf v]N5 . oL dxf;lGwdf ePsf d"n k|fjwfgx¿ lgDgk|sf/ 5g\ M

!= blIf0f Pl;ofdf afnaflnsfsf] lxt k|j4{g ug]{ If]qLo k|fjwfgsf]lglDt ;fs{ dxf;lGw hgj/L %, @))@

/fHokIfx¿n] s'g} klg k|sf/sf e]befj, b'?kof]u, pk]Iff, zf]if0f, oftgf jftNnf]:t/sf] Jojxf/, cf];f/k;f/ / lx+;faf6 /fli6«o sfg'gx¿n] afnaflnsfnfO{;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{ s'/f lglZrt ug]{5g\ . -efu @ wf/f $=#=s_

hf]lvdk"0f{ tyf xfgLsf/s >ddf afnaflnsfsf] k|j]znfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ /;fs{ If]qaf6 abgfd afn>dnfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ gjf}+ ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf]lg0f{onfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ s'/fnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{] . -efu @ wf/f $=#=v_

/fHokIfx¿n] afn>lds pknAw u/fpg vf]Hg] kl/jf/x¿nfO{ k|fylds txsfcj;/x¿sf] pknAwtf tyf ;xof]ufTds ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;~hfnnufotsfax'd'vL /0fgLlt cg';/0f ug]{5g\ . -efu @ wf/f $=#=v_

573/]n' afn>d kl/ro

@= b]xJofkf/sf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/ lgif]w

ug{ tyf o;lj?4 n8\gsf nflu ;fs{ dxf;lGw hgj/L %, @))@

dxf;lGwcGtu{tsf s;'/x¿sf] 5fglag, ;f]wvf]h, ;'g'jfO{ jf cGo k|lqmofsf

nflu cg'/f]w ug]{ /fi6«nfO{ a[xt ¿kdf kf/:kl/s sfg'gL ;xfotf k'¥ofpg]5g\ .

-wf/f ^_

olb s'g} ;b:o /fi6«n] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg tyf

cf];f/k;f/;DaGwL ;'k'b{uLof]Uo s;'/x¿nfO{ ;'k'b{uL ug{sf] nflu cg'/f]w

u/]sf] v08df ;'k'b{uL ug{ ;lsg] . ;'k'buL{ x'g g;Sg] l:ylt cfPdf cg'/f]w

k|fKt ug]{ b]zsf] sfg'gcg';f/ sfg'gL sf/afxLsf] nflu ;Ifd clwsf/L;dIf

k]z ug]{ . -wf/f &_

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf cf];f/k;f/ /f]Sg tyf lgif]w ug{sf nflu cfk;L

;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/df låkIfLo ;+oGqx¿ :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -wf/f *=$_

of] sfo{ /f]Sg tyf lgif]w ug{sf nflu /fHo kIfx¿n] cf];fk;f/df ;+nUg

lgsfo, ;+:yf tyf JolQmx¿sf af/]df lgoldt ¿kdf hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg

ug]{, bnfnx¿n] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf Pjd\ hldg, hn jf xjfOdfu{sf] klxrfg

ug]{ tyf s;'/bf/x¿sf] cf}+7f5fk, tl:j/, sfd ug]{ tl/sf, k|x/L sfof{nosf]

clen]v / cleof]usf clen]vx¿ cfbfg—k|bfg ug]{ -wf/f *=%_

cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿s]f :yfgLos/0f

kl/efiff

cGt/f{li6«o tyf If]qLo dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL sfg'gx¿sf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjogsf

nflu kIf /fi6«n] ;+j}wflgs, k|zf;lgs tyf gLltut txdf cfjZos sfg'gx¿

th'{df ug'{kb{5 . dfgjclwsf/sf] pNn+3g ePsf] v08df cGt/f{li6«o tyf If]qLo

sfg'gdf :yflkt dfkb08cg'¿ksf] sfg'gL pkrf/sf ;a} pkfox¿sf] Joj:yf

ug'{kb{5 . o;/L cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿nfO{ b]zsf] ;+ljwfg tyf cGo sfg'gx¿df

;dfj]z ug'{ jf tL sfg'gx¿sf] cfwf/df gofF sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ tyf ltgLx¿nfO{

Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{ sfdnfO{ g} cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] :yfgLos/0f elgG5 .


k|lqmof

dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dxf;ef, ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3sf ljlzi6Ls[t ;+:yf tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf If]qLo txdf :yfkgfePsf ;+:yfåf/f kfl/t x'g] ub{5 . kfl/t ug]{ bf}/fgdf jf kfl/t eO;s]sfdxf;lGw, k|n]v, P]lR5s k|n]vx¿df kIf /fi6«sf k|ltlglwx¿af6 x:tfIf/ x'g]ub{5 . o;/L dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ ug'{ eg]sf] ;DalGwt dxf;lGwnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{xf] . o;/L x:tfIf/ x'g'eGbf cufl8 dxf;lGwsf] ;+/rgf / To;leq ePsfJoj:yfx¿sf af/]df uxg cWoog dgg ul/G5, ljz]if1x¿åf/f ljZn]if0f ul/G5 .

/fi6«n] dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ ul/;s]kl5 kIf /fi6«n] cg'df]bg ug'{kb{5 . g]kfnsf];Gbe{df b]zsf] ;jf]{Rr ljwflosf cyf{t\ ;+;bn] x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] dxf;lGwnfO{b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg ug'{kb{5 . cg'df]bg ul/;s]kl5 ;f] dxf;lGw b]zsf]sfg'g ;/x nfu" x'g] ub{5 . o;kl5 dxf;lGwdf ePsf Joj:yfx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf]nflu ;+;bn] sfg'g agfpg] ub{5 . sfg'g lgdf{0f eP klg geP klg cg'df]bgul/;lsPsf] dxf;lGwdf ePsf Joj:yfx¿ sfo{kflnsfn] nfu" ug'{kb{5 .sfo{kflnsfn] nfu" ul/Psf] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] cg'udg÷d"NofÍg ug]{ / dxf;lGwdftf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt ;ldltdf lgoldt k|ult k|ltj]bg;d]t k]z ug'{kb{5 .

cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿ /fli6«o sfg'g;/x dfGotf x'g]

dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq tyf gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwLdxf;lGw tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw,afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] kfl/t u/]sf /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUgx'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL dxf;lGw g+= !#*, lgs[i6 cj:yfsf] afn>d;DaGwLdxf;lGw g+= !*@, l;kmfl/; g+= !() nufot g]kfnn] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf ;Dk"0f{cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿ /fli6«o sfg'g;/x dfGotfk|fKt 5 . ;a} dxf;lGw jf cGt/f{li6«osfg'gx¿ /fHosf] ;+ljwfg jf cGo sfg'gx¿df :yflkt eO{ sfof{Gjog x'g'k5{ .ta dfq kIf /fi6«n] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gk|ltsf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf nfu"u/]sf] dflgG5 .

593/]n' afn>d kl/ro

;ft3/]n' afn>d / xfd|f] /fli6«o gLlt lgod

s= g]kfn ;lGw P]g @)$&

g]kfn ;lGw P]g @)$& sf] bkmf ( -!_ cg';f/ g]kfn kIf ePsf ;a} ;lGwx¿g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfg'g;/x nfu" x'G5 . olb /fli6«o sfg'g / To:tf ;lGwx¿aflemPdf aflemPsf xb;Dd ;lGwsf k|fjwfgx¿ g} nfu" x'G5 .

v= afnclwsf/;DaGwL /fli6«o sfg'gx¿

!= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$&

s;}nfO{ klg afFwf jf bf; t'Nofpg jf OR5flj?4 sfddf nufpg gkfOg] -wf/f @) pkwf/f !_

gfafnsnfO{ s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddfnufpg gkfOg] -wf/f @) pkwf/f @_

afnaflnsfnfO{ zf]if0f x'g glbg pgLx¿sf] xs / lxtsf] /Iff lglDt /fHon]cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{5 -wf/f @^ pkwf/f *_

cgfy afnaflnsf, c;xfo dlxnf, j[4, ckfË / czQmx¿sf] ;+/If0f /pGgltsf nflu /fHon] lzIff, :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLltcjnDag ug]{5 . -wf/f @^ pkwf/f (_

;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf] df}lns xscGt/ut ePsf lgDg clwsf/x¿ ;a}n]lagfe]befj pkef]u ug{ kfpF5g\ .


wf/f !!– ;dfgtfsf] xs

pd]/, wg tyf hftkftsf] cfwf/df sf]xL klg 7"nf] / ;fgf] x'Fb}g .

wd{, j0f{ tyf ln+u, hflt jf j}rfl/s cf:yfsf cfwf/df s;}n] s;}nfO{ klge]befj ug{ kfpFb}g .

;dfg sfd ug]{nfO{ ;dfg Hofnf lbg'kb{5 . dlxnf / k'?if eg]/ e]befjug{x'Fb}g .

wf/f !@ – :jtGqtfsf] xs

af]n]/ jf n]v]/ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fVg kfpg] :jtGqtf 5 .

lagfxftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g kfpg] :jtGqtf 5 .

;+3 ;++:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf

clw/fHoel/ cfjt–hfjt / a;f]af; ug]{ :jtGqtf

k];f, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf

wf/f !*– ;+:s[lt tyf lzIff;DaGwL xs

k|To]]s ;d'bfo -hflt, hghflt_ nfO{ cfkm\g]f efiff, lnlk / ;+:s[ltsf];+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .

k|To]s hghfltn] cfkm\gf afnaflnsfnfO{ k|fylds tx;Dd cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdflzIff lbg] u/L ljBfno ;+rfng ug{ klg kfpFb5g\ .

wf/f !(– wd{;DaGwL xs

x/]snfO{ cfkm"n] dfGb} cfPsf] wd{ dfGg kfpg] xs 5 .

wf/f @)– zf]if0flj?4sf] xs

dflg;nfO{ a]rlavg ug{, bf; t'Nofpg, afFwf agfpg jf To:t} s'g} lsl;dsf]OR5flj?4sf] sfddf nufpg kfOFb}g .

613/]n' afn>d kl/ro

gfafnsnfO{ sfddf nufpg x'‘Fb}g . s;}n] klg gfafnsnfO{ snsf/vfgfjf vfgLdf jf o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg x'Fb}g .

wf/f @@ – uf]klgotfsf] xs

s'g} klg JolQmNffO{ p;sf] hLp, cfjf;, ;DklQ, lnvt, kqfrf/ jf ;"rgfuf]Ko /fVg] xs x'G5 . h:t}M x'nfsaf6 cfPsf] s;}sf] lr7L vf]Ng ;/sf/;d]tn] klg kfpFb}g .

wf/f @#– ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs

;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf oL xsx¿ pNn+3g ePdf pkrf/ kfpgsf nflukLl8t kIfnfO{ cbfnt hfg] clwsf/ 5 .

@= afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$*

!^ jif{ pd]/ gk'u];DdnfO{ afnaflnsf dflgPsf] 5 .

x/]s afnaflnsfsf] gfd /flvlbg'k5{, hGdbtf{ sfod ug'{kb{5 . olb hGdldltkQf gnfu]df To:tf afnaflnsfnfO{ kfNg] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] lrlsT;ssf]/fo lnO{ hGdldlt sfod ul/lbg'kb{5 .

5f]/f, 5f]/L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, ljjfxcl3 jf kl5 hGd]sf] eGg] h:tf cfwf/dfs'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ e]befj ug'{ x'Fb}g .

afnaflnsfk|lt qm'/ jf oftgfk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{ x'Fb}g . o;f] ul/Pdf Ifltk"lt{e/fO{ ?= %))) .–;Dd hl/jfgf jf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

afa' kQf gnfu]sf afnaflnsfn] afa'–afh]sf] gfdn]Vg' kg]{ 7fpFdf cfdf /cfdfsf] afa'sf] gfd pNn]v ug{ kfpg]5g\ .

!) jif{eGbf d'lgsf afnaflnsfn] s'g} klg ck/fw u/] pgLx¿nfO{ ;hfoug'{ x'Fb}g .

afnaflnsfnfO{ dfUg] sfddf nufpg jf d'8\g x'Fb}g . o;f] u/]df ? #))) .–;Dd hl/jfgf jf # dlxgf s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .


s;}n] klg afnaflnsfnfO{ b]jL b]jtfsf] gfddf r9fpg x'Fb}g . o;f] u/]df ?

!),))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf % jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

afnaflnsfnfO{ cg}lts k];fdf nufpg xFb}g, o; p2]Zon] kmf]6f] lvRg,

k|sfzg ug{, rl/qdf cf3ft kg]{ 36gf ljj/0f k|sfzg ug{, nfu" cf}ifw tyf

gzfn' kbfy{sf] laqmL ljt/0fdf ;+nUg u/fpg x'Fb}g . o;f] u/]df ? !),))) .–

;Dd hl/jfgf jf ! jif{ s}b jf b'j} ;hfo tyf nfu"–kbfy{;DaGwL eP yk

% jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g]5 .

Psf3/df sf]xL gx'g] afnaflnsfsf] x]/rfx / ;DklQsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu

afnsNof0f clwsf/L jf k|=lh=c=n] ;+/Ifs lgo'lQm ug'{ jf afnu[xdf /fVg'kb{5 .

afnsNof0fsf nflu s]Gb«Lo :t/df Ps s]Gb«Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt / k|To]s

lhNnfdf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 . To:t} cfjZos ;+Vofdf

afnsNof0f clwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .

a]jfl/;] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ /fVg afnsNof0f u[xx¿sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng

ul/g]5 .

s;'/sf] cleof]u nfuL y'gfdf a:g'kg]{, s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf, nfu" cf}ifwsf]

s'ntdf nfu]sf, 3/–kl/jf/af6 efuL lx+8\g], cg}lts lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg

JolQm;Fu /x]sf jf lghsf] cf>odf a:g'kg]{ cflb afnaflnsfnfO{ /fVg

afn;'wf/u[xsf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

;':t dgl:yltsf afnaflnsfsf nflu ;':t dgl:ylt s]Gb«sf] ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

afnaflnsfsf] kIfdf sfg'g Joj;foL geP;Dd afnaflnsfsf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL

/ lsgf/f ug{ x'Fb}g .

afnaflnsfsf] d'2f x]g{ 5'§} afncbfntsf] u7g ul/g], ;f] geP;Dd k|To]s

lhNnf cbfntdf afnOhnf; u7g ul/g]5 .

s'g} klg afnaflnsf jfbL jf k|ltjfbL ePsf] d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{

sfafxL lsgf/f ug'{k5{ .

633/]n' afn>d kl/ro

ph'/L s;n] lbg] <

dfly elgPsf ;hfo x'g] s;'/ ug]{sf lj?4df afnaflnsfsf tkm{af6 lghsf]afa', cfdf, ;+/Ifs / xsjfnfn] ph'/ lbg;S5 . P]g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] s;'/;DaGwLd'2f h'g;'s} JolQm jf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ph'/Laf6 rNg] 5 .

ph'/L sxf“ lbg] <

afncbfnt u7g ePsf] eP afncbfntdf geP lhNnf cbfntdf ph'/L lbg;lsg]5 .

ph'/L slxn];Dddf lbg] <

s;'/ ePsf] u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{leqdf lbg'kb{5 . t/ ablgotk"j{s afnssf];DklQ a]rlavg u/]sf]df hlxn];'s} klg / afnsnfO{ cg}lts sfddf nufPsf]df;f] sfd eP u/]sf] eP u/]sf] ldltn] # jif{;Dd gfln; nfUg;S5 .

t/ hlt l9nf] u¥of] plt ck/fwL pDsg;Sg], k|df0fx¿ gfl;g;Sg] ePsf]n];s];Dd l56f] ph'/L ug'{kb{5 .

#= afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%@ sf k|fjwfgx¿

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt

afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f tyf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf;;DaGwL bL3{sfnLg/fli6«o gLlt / of]hgf th'{df ug{ tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu kxn ug]{ sfd of]s]GbL«o afn sNof0f ;ldltn] ub{5 . o;df ;dflhs sfo{stf{, dlxnf ;fdflhssfo{stf{, lrlsT;sx¿, afndgf]j}1flgsx¿ / lzIfsx¿dWo] ;d]taf6 ;b:o/xg] u/L a9Ldf @! hgf ;b:ox¿ /xg] 5g\ . ;ldltsf] k|zf;sLo k|d'vsf]¿kdf Ps hgf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] sfd ug]{5g\ .

lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] clwgdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdfk|To]s lhNnfdf Ps–Ps j6f lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt /xg] 5 . o;df k|d'v


lhNnf clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf ;fdflhs ;]jfdf sfo{/t JolQmx¿, afnaflnsfsf]xslxt;DaGwL sfo{df ;+nUg ;fdflhs sfo{stf{, dlxnf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{,lrlsT;sx¿, afndgf]j}1flgsx¿ / lzIfsx¿ /xg]5g\ . o;n] afnaflnsfsf]xslxt ;+/If0f / pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s ljsf;;DaGwL lhNnf:t/Lo gLlt/ of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L s]Gb«Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltdf k7fpFg]5 . o;sf ;fy} o;n]lhNnfdf afnaflnsfsf xslxtsf nflu ug]{ sfo{x¿ ub{5 .

o;b]lv afx]s lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] clwgdf /xg] u/L Ps hgf afnsNof0fclwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf, a]jfl/;] afnsnfO{ /fVgsf] nflu afnsNof0f u[xsf] :yfkgf,sfg'g adf]lhd s}bdf /fVg'kg]{ afns jf 3/af6 efuL lx8\g], afn laHofO{dfnfu]sf] afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'wfg{sf] nflu afn;'wf/ u[x, cfdfafa' sf]xL gePsfafnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu cgfyfno jf ;':tdgl:ylt s]Gb« cflbsf] :yfkgf/ ;~rfng ug{;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .

o;}u/L afnsNof0f u[x, afn;'wf/ u[x cgfyfno tyf ;':tdgl:ylt s]Gb«df a:g]afnaflnsfnfO{ lgoldt lzIff, Joj;flos lzIff tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|bfgug]{, pgLx¿sf] ljj/0f /fVg'kg]{, >ldssf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{ afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0flbg'kg]{, afnaflnsfsf] gfd /fVg] / hGd btf{ ug]{ jflif{s k|ltj]bg k7fpg'kg]{h:tf sfo{x¿sf] Joj:yf afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%! n] u/]sf] 5 .

$= afn>d -lgif]w tyf lgoldt ug]{_ P]g @)%^

!$ jif{ gk'u]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ >ldssf ¿kdf sfddf nufpg x'Fb}g .

afnaflnsfnfO{ /ftdf -;fFem ̂ ah]b]lv laxfg ̂ ah];Dd_ sfddf nufpgx'‘b}g . pgLx¿nfO{ lbgsf] ^ 306f / xKtfsf] #^ 306feGbf a9L sfddfnufpg x'Fb}g . nuftf/ # 306f sfd u/]kl5 cfwf 306f lj>fd / xKtfsf]! lbg ljbf lbg'k5{ . pQm lj>fdsf] ;do / ljbfsf] lbgsf] kfl/>lds s§fug{ kfOg] 5}g . olb o;sf] kfngf gu/L sfd nufPdf ? %,))) .– ;Ddhl/jfgf jf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

s;}n] klg afnaflnsfnfO{ nnfO{kmsfO{, em'SofO{, 8/ qf;, k|nf]eg, bjfjdfkf/L jf cGo s'g} tl/sfn] lghsf] OR5flj?4 >ldssf] ¿kdf sfddfnufpg' x'Fb}g . OR5f ljkl/t sfddf nufPdf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf ? %),))) .–;Dd hl/jfgf jf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

653/]n' afn>d kl/ro

!^ jif{;Ddsf s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ xNsf vfnsf] sfddf

dfqnufpgkb{5 . hf]lvdk"0f{ Joj;fo jf sfddf nufpg' x'Fb}g . s;}n]

o:tf] hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf afnaflnsfnfO{ nufPdf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf ?

%),))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

hf]lvdk"0f{ Joj;fo jf sfdx¿sf] ljj/0f cg';"rLdf lbOPsf] 5 . h;dWo] pbfx/0fsf

nflu s]xL lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M xf]6]n, h'jf3/, /]i6'/fF, af/, kbofqf, kj{tf/f]x0f cflb

ko{6g;Fu ;DalGwt Joj;fox¿Ù k|of]uzfnf, sfo{zfnf, kz'jwzfnf, zLte08f/

cflb ;]jfd"ns Joj;fox¿Ù ;fj{hlgs kl/jxg / lgdf{0f Joj;fox¿Ù r'/f]6,

la8L agfpg], un}+rf a'Gg], /+ufpg,] 5fnf k|zf]wg ug]{, l;d]G6 pTkfbg, Koflsª

ug]{, ;nfO{, ljikmf]6s kbfy{ pTkfbg / laqmL, dlb/f, ljo/ k]o kbfy{ pTkfbg,

ls6gfzs cf}iflw pTkfbg, t]n pTkfbg, kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng k|zf]wg, /a/ l;Gy]l6s,

Knfli6s, l;;f, kf/f];Fu ;DalGwt cflb sfo{x¿Ù hn>f]t, sf]Onf, k|fs[lts t]n

jf Uof;, afof]Uof;nufotsf phf{ k}bf ug{] / To;sf] k|;f/0f / ljt/0f;Fu

;DalGwt sfo{x¿Ù vfgL, vlghkbfy{sf] pTvgg, k|zf]wg, ljt/0f ;DalGwt

sfo{x¿Ù l/S;f, 7]nfuf8f, sl6ª d]l;g, hldgd'lg, kfgLd'lg / w]/} prfOdf r9L

ug'{kg]{ sfo{, /f;folgs kbfy{x¿;Fu ;Dks{ x'g] sfo{x¿ cflb .

pNn]lvt hf]lvdk"0f{ Joj;fo jf sfo{ ;+rfng ul//x]sf] jf hf]lvdk"0f{ Joj;fo

jf sfo{ ;+rfng ul//x]sf] jf ug]{ Joj:yfksn] ;f]sf] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]

ljj/0f >d sfof{nodf lbg'kg]{5 . ;f] glbPdf ! dlxgf;Dd s}b / ?=

#))) .–;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

s'g} k|lti7fgn] afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf nufpg k/]df ;DalGwt >d sfof{no

jf tf]lsPsf] cGo lgsfo jf clwsf/L / afnaflnsfsf] afa'cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf]

:jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 . o;f] gu/]df @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf ?= %,))) .– ;Dd

hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

k|lti7fgdf afnaflnsfnfO{ >ldssf] ¿kdf sfddf nufpg'cl3 >d sfof{no

dfkm{t lrlsT;såf/f sfd ug{;Sg] of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq lng'kg]{5 . ;f] glnPdf

@ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf ?= %,))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf nufpg] k|lti7fgn] afnaflnsfsf] kmf]6f];lxt tf]lsPsf]

ljj/0f >d sfof{nodf lbg'kg]]{5 .


k|lti7fgn] >ldssf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ lnË, j0f,{ wd{,hfthfltsf] cfwf/df s'g} e]befj gu/L ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg kfl/>ldslbg'kb{5 . ;f] glbPdf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf ?= %,))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jfb'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

k|lti7fgdf sfd ug]{ afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yftf]lsPadf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 .

pd]/;DaGwL ljjfb ePdf hGdbtf{ k|df0fkqsf] pd]/nfO{ jf:tljs pd]/dflgg]5 / ;f] gePdf lrlsT;såf/f :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/L lglZrtul/g]5 .

>d sfof{nox¿n] ;do–;dodf k|lti7fgsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 /o; P]gljkl/t afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf nufOPsf] kfOPdf To:tf afnaflnsfnfO{d'Qm u/L cleefjssf] lhDdf lbOg]5 . cleefjs, ;+/Ifs gePdf afnsNof0fu[xdf /flvg] / o;;DaGwL vr{ k|lti7fgn] g} Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 . P]gsf Joj:yfx¿pNn+3g ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 >d sfof{nox¿n]

k|lti7fgsf] ;'ljwf /f]Ssf ug]{ cfjZos sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg]5 .

ph'/L s;n] lbg] <

afnssf] cleefjs jf ;+/Ifs, k|li7fgsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ sd{rf/L, ;DalGwt Onfsfsfk|x/L, ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= jf gu/kflnsf, k|lti7fg :t/sf] 6]«8 o'lgog,

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf .

ph'/L sxf“ lbg] <

;DalGwt >d sfof{nodf .

ph'/L slxn];Dddf lbg] <

P]gljkl/t sfo{ eP u/]sf] ldltn] ! jif{leqdf

t/ ph'/L ug{ l9nf] u/] k|df0f gfl;g tyf cleo'Qmx¿ pDsg;Sg] ePsf]n];s];Dd l56f] ph'/L ug'{k5{ .

673/]n' afn>d kl/ro

sfg'g sfof{Gjogdf b]vf k/]sf cj/f]wx¿

!= kx'Frsf] cefj

ul/aLsf] sf/0faf6 pTkGg cfTdxLgtfsf] sf/0faf6 zf]if0fo'Qm cj:yfdf /x]sfafn>dsf kLl8t kIfx¿n] sfg'gsf] dfWodaf6 Gofo kfpg] 7fpF;Dd k'Ug ;ls/x]sf5}gg\ . ul/aLn] ubf{ cbfntsf] 9f]sf 9S9Sofpg g;Sbf kLl8t kIfx¿ cGofo;x]/ a:g afWo 5g\ . To:t} kof{Kt ¿kdf :yfgLo :t/df g} ;xh / ;/n sfg'gLGoflos ;+/rgfx¿ gx'Fbf klg w]/} dflg;x¿ s]lGb|s[t tyf emGeml6nf] cbfntLk|s[ofdf hfg ?rfpFb}gg\ .

@= r]tgfsf] sdL

clzIffsf sf/0f afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu ag]sf sfg'gsf af/]df hfgsf/Lsf] cefj5 . sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yf tyf lgsfox¿, afnaflnsf tyf pgLx¿sf cleefjs,/f]huf/bftfnufot cfd ;d'bfox¿ sfg'gL ¿kdf ;r]t 5}gg\ . 3/]n' afn>dnfO{afn>dsf] ¿kdf lnOg] tyf :jLsf/ ul/g] ul/Psf] 5}g . 3/]n' afn>dnfO{;DkGg ju{af6 ljkGg ju{sf kl/jf/ tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu ul/Psf]sNof0fsf/L sfo{sf] ¿kdf lnOg] ul/Psf] 5 . sfg'g agfpg] txaf6 klg 3/]n'afn>dnfO{ afn>dsf] ¿kdf :jLsfg]{ ul/Psf] b]lv+b}g . o;} sf/0f w]/} nfdf];dokZrft ag]sf] afn>d lgif]w tyf lgoldt ug{ ag]sf] P]g @)%^ df klg3/]n' afn>dnfO{ ;d]6\g g;s]sf] xf] eGg ;lsG5 . afn>ldsx¿dfly 7"nf]cGofo eO/x] tfklg ltgLx¿sf] lj?4sf d'2fx¿ sd} dfq kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . h:t}s}of}+ /f]huf/bftfx¿sf] 3/df & b]lv !$ jif{d'lgsf s}of}+ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sfo{/t /x] klg o;sf af/]df st}af6 cfjfh p7\g] u/]sf] kfOFb}g .

#= k|efjsf/L sfo{of]hgfsf] sdL

/fHon] hf]lvdo'Qm afn>d pGd"ng ug{ tyf afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/Nofpgsf nflu 7f]; sfo{of]hgf Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . h] hlt sfo{qmdx¿ ePsf5g\ tL ;a} ;x/sf ;+ul7t If]qdf dfq s]lGb«t 5g\ .

$= ckof{Kt sfg'gx¿

afn>d lgif]w tyf lgoldt ug]{ ljlzi6 sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f t ePsf] 5 t/ of]sfg'gn] s]jn ;+ul7t k|lti7fgx¿df /x]sf] afn>dnfO{ dfq ;d]6]sf] 5 .afn>ds} 7"nf] lx:;f /x]sf] c;+ul7t If]q h:t} afnuf]7fnf tyf 3/]n' wGbfug{sf nflu Jofks ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] afn>dnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5}g . o;/L of]l;Ëf] If]q pk]lIft x'g' eg]sf] o; If]qdf sfo{/t afn>ldsx¿sf] ;d:ofk|ltcfFvf lrDng' xf] .


%= k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog k|lqmofsf] cefj

ljleGg sfg'gx¿df afnaflnsfx¿sf] xs / lxtsf nflu w]/} lsl;dsf k|fjwfgx¿

eP klg Jojxfl/s ¿kdf nfu" x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s]Gb«Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt tyf

lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltnfO{ afn>d;DaGwL tYo ;+sng ug]{ clwsf/ tyf

st{Jo /x] tfklg To;nfO{ sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ug]{ tyf

sfg'gL sf/afxL ug]{ clwsf/ 5}g . >f]t ;fwgsf] cefjdf lhNnf afnsNof0f

;ldlt, >d sfof{nox¿ afn>d;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ lgoGq0f ug{ ;kmn x'g

;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

^= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿aLr ;dGjosf] cefj

afnclwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+Vof lgs} eP klg

3/]n' afn>dsf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+Vof cToGt sd 5 . >f]t ;fwgsf]

cefjsf sf/0f sfo{qmdx¿ k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sg] tyf slxn] ltgLx¿aLr ;dGjo

/ ;xof]usf] cefjn] ubf{ Ps} k|s[lt / p2]Zosf sfo{qmdx¿df bf]xf]/f] nufgL x'g]

;+efjgf a9L x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

&= /fhgLlts k|ltj4tf jf OR5fzlQmsf] sdL

/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] afn>d;DaGwL ;d:ofnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lnO/x]sf 5}gg\,

h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k afn>d;DaGwL ;d:of k|fyldstfsf] ;"rLdf kg{ ;s]sf]

5}g . /fhgLlts k|ltj4tflagf afnclwsf/ sfof{Gjog x'g] s'/f ;+ej 5}g .

*= ;z:q ;+3if{

/fHo kIf / ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL kIfaLr ljBdfg\ ;z:q ;+3if{sf sf/0faf6 pTkGg

kfl/jfl/s ljrngn] ubf{ Psflt/ afnaflnsfx¿ 6'x'/f x'g] / s}of}+ afnaflnsfx¿

3/]n' afn>d tyf cGo k|sf/sf] afn>ddf nfUg afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ eg]

csf{lt/ /fHosf] d"n Wofg ljb«f]xL kIfnfO{ bafpgkl§ nfu]sf] x'gfn] 3/]n'

afn>dnufot cGo k|sf/sf] afn>dsf] ;d:of cf]em]ndf kl//x]sf] 5 .

(= 6«]8 o'lgogx¿sf] Wofg k'Ug g;Sg'

6]«8 o'lgogx¿ d"ntM dhb'/x¿sf] xs clwsf/sf] nflu cfjfh p7fpg] ;+ul7t

zlQmx¿ x'g\ . pgLx¿n] sf/vfgf tyf ;+ul7t If]qx¿df sfo{/t dhb'/x¿ dfq

xf]Og c;+ul7t If]qdf sfo{/t dhb'/x¿sf] nflu klg cfjfh p7fpg'kb{5 .

g]kfndf ePsf 6«]8 o'lgogx¿n] ;+ul7t If]qsf sfo{/t dhb'/x¿sf] nflu cfjfh

693/]n' afn>d kl/ro

p7fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . t/ 3/]n' >d h:tf] c;+ul7t If]qdf pgLx¿sf] Wofgk'lu/x]sf] b]lv+b}g . pgLx¿sf] ;+ul7t zlQmn] Wofg k'¥ofPsf] v08df 3/]n'afn>ldsx¿sf] nflu dfq xf]Og l;Ëf] 3/]n' >dnfO{ lgoldt / sfg'g;+utagfpgsf nflu 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng;Sg] s'/f lglZrt 5 .

!)= wfld{s ;f+:s[lts lgsfosf] df}gtf

wd{ eg]sf] c;n sfd, c;n Jojxf/, c?sf] enf] ug]{ s'/f xf] eg] kfk eg]sf]c?nfO{ zf]if0f ug'{, c?sf] dgdf rf]6 k'Ug] lsl;dsf s'/fx¿ ug',{ d'vn] Pp6f t/Jojxf/n] csf]{ s'/f ug'{ g} xf] . wfld{s b[li6n] x]bf{ klg afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k9\g],v]Ng], cf/fd ug{] clwsf/af6 al~rt u/L bf; h:tf] agfP/ sfddf bnfpg'pko'Qm s'/f xf]Og . o:tf uDeL/ ;jfnx¿df wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts lgsfox¿sf]Wofg k'u]sf] b]lv+b}g . xf], cK7\of/f]df afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df NofO{;+/If0f ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ k9\g], v]Ng] nufotsf cj;/x¿ lbg], 5f]/f5f]/L h:t}Jojxf/ ug]{, pgLx¿n] ug{;Sg] xNsf lsl;dsf sfdx¿ u/fpg] sfd wd{ g} xf] .o;}n] wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts k|lti7fg, lgsfo tyf o;df k|ltli7t JolQmTjx¿n]o:tf lg:jfyL{ 9+uaf6 3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg ePsf afnaflnsfx¿dfly ;b\efj,;b\Jojxf/ ug]{x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg / pgLx¿dfly x'g] zf]if0f, bdg, qm'/ Jojxf/sf]lj?4df dflg;x¿df hfu/0f Nofpg ;s]sf] v08df o:tf ;+:yf tyf JolQmTjx¿n]7"nf] k'0o sdfpg ;S5g\ .


cf73/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug]{

pkfox¿

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg lgDg sfdx¿ ug{'cfjZos b]lvG5 M

lgs[i6 afn>d pGd'ng ug{sf nflu ug]{ bL3{sfnLg

pkfox¿

!= gLlt lgdf{0f

s= ;x/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qsf ul/ax¿sf] nflu /f]huf/sf cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ug]{ .

v= >d zlQmsf nflu Go"gtd Hofnf gLlt lgdf{0f u/L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf nfu" ug]{/ nfu" eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ .

@= sfg'gL ;+/rgf

s= hf]lvdo'Qm afn>dsf k|of]ustf{x¿sf] lj?4df b08gLo / ;zQm sfg'glgdf{0f ug]{ / ag]sf sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

v= 3/]n' >ldssf] Hofnf b/ sfod ug]{, 3/]n' afn>dcGt/ut sfdsf] cjlw,k|s[lt cflbsf] af/]df lglZrt lgod sfg'g agfpg] .

u= afn>d;DaGwL lgod sfg'g nfu" ug{sf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/ gu/kflnsf /

uf=lj=; cflbnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] u/L sfg'g agfpg] .

713/]n' afn>d kl/ro

afn>d pGd"ng ug{sf nflu tTsfn ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿ M

!= cfo cfh{g sfo{qmd

cfly{s ¿kn] sdhf]/ ju{sf nflu cfo cfh{g sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

s[lif dhb'/x¿sf nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd HofnfnfO{ b]zJofkL ¿kdf clgjfo{lsl;dn] nfu" ug]{ .

@= hgjsfnt sfo{qmd

gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ txdf ;zQm sfg'g lgdf{0f / ag]sf sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/Lsfof{Gjogsf nflu hgjsfnt ug]{ .

afa'cfdf tyf cleefjsx¿aLrdf 3/]n' afn>dsf jf:tljstfx¿ /o;n] afnaflnsfsf] hLjgdf kfg]{ s'k|efjx¿sf] af/]df ;r]tgtf hufpgsfnflu hgjsfnt sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

/f]hufbftfx¿aLr 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf nfluhgjsfnt cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ .

3/]n' afn>dnfO{ dfgjLo cfFvfn] x]g{ tyf To;n] afn>ldsx¿nfO{ kfg]{ hf]lvdnfO{sd ub{} ;dfKt ug{sf] nflu lgDg sfo{x¿ ug'{[ cfjZos 5 M

k|To]s gu/kflnsfsf j8f sfof{nox¿n] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] clen]v/fVg] k4ltsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 . o;/L /flvg] clen]vdf afn>ldsx¿sf]7]ufgf, ;+Vof tyf pgLx¿sf /f]huf/bftfx¿, k9fOsf] tx, afn>ldsx¿n]kfpg] Hofnfb/ h:tf s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z x'g'kb{5 .

gu/kflnsfsf k|To]s j8f sfof{nox¿nfO{ afn>dsf] k|of]u;DaGwL ;"rgfx¿;+nsg ug{sf nflu ;xof]u tyf k|f]T;fxg ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy} j8fsfof{nox¿n] hf]lvddf k/]sf afn>ldsx¿sf nflu afn;]jf s]Gb«x¿;+rfng ug'{kb{5 . o:tf s]Gb«df :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug]{, k/fdz{ lbg] tyfcgf}krfl/s lzIff h:tf ;]jfx¿ ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] ;fy}afn>ldsx¿n] oxf‘ cfP/ km';{bsf] pkof]u ug{sf nflu lglZrt ;dosf]k|aGw ldnfpg'kb{5, h;af6 afn>ldsx¿n] cfkm\gf dflnsx¿;Fu ;doldnfP/ To:tf] afn;]jf s]Gb«sf] pkof]u ug{ ;s"g\ .


afnaflnsfsf clwsf/x¿ tyf afn>dsf] lj?4df ag]sf /fli6«o sfg'gx¿sf]af/]df cfd ;d'bfonfO{ ;'lzlIft ug{sf nflu Jofks hgr]tgf cleofg;+rfng ug]{ .

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ ljBfno hfg] cj;/ lbnfpgsf nflu/f]huf/bftfx¿nfO{ bafa lbg u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfh;lqmo x'g'kb{5 .

l;Ëf] b]zel/sf ;x/ tyf u|fdL0f Onfsfdf /x]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf]cj:yfsf] af/]df lj:t[t cWoog ul/g'kb{5 . o;af6 dfq b]zel/sf 3/]n'afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfsf] jf:tljs hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g;S5 .

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ /fd|f] Jojxf/ ug]{, lzIffsf] cj;/ lbg], plrtkfl/>lds lbg] c;n /f]huf/bftfx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g'k5{ .

hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ tTsfn /fxt k'¥ofpgx6nfOg ;]jf tyf ;+/If0f u[x ;+rfng ug]{ .

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg JolQm tyf

;d"xn] s]–s] ug{ ;S5g\ <

!= JolQm tyf ;d'bfon] lgDgk|sf/n] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ M

cfˆgf] 3/df /fv]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿k|lt dfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]/

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ cgf}krfl/s afnsIff jf ljBfno k9\g],tflndnufotsf cj;/x¿ h'6fOlbP/ tyf To:tf] cj;/ kfPsf] v08dfpgLx¿nfO{ hfg ;xof]u u/]/,

cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/L / 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ aLr;dfg Jojxf/ u/]/,

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] s'g} uNtL u/] ;Demfpg] a'emfpg] sfd u/]/,

afnclwsf/ tyf afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fv]/,k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ ;xof]u u/]/,

733/]n' afn>d kl/ro

b]zleq afnaflnsfsf xslxtsf nflu ag]sf sfg'gx¿k|lt rf;f] /fv]/,

kqklqsfdf afnaflnsfdfly ePsf lx+;fx¿sf] lj?4df syf, sljtf, n]vx¿

cflb n]v]/,

ufpF3/, 5/l5d]slt/ x'g] afn>ldsx¿dfly x'g] lx+;fsf] lj?4df pleP/,

kLl8tx¿sf] kIfdf af]n]/,

kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs eP/ ,

ufpF3/df ;+rfng u/]sf afnSna tyf afnaflnsfx¿n] ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;xof]u

u/]/,

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] btf{ u/]/,

sl7g kl/l:yltdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/,

:s'n hfg gkfPsfx¿nfO{ :s'n hfg] ;do pknAw u/fP/

lg/If/ afn>ldsx¿nfO{ cgf}krfl/s afnsIffx¿df k9\gsf] nflu ;do

pknAw u/fP/

km';{bsf] ;dosf] Joj:yf u/]/

cfkm\g} cf]5\ofg jf sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ul/lbP/

:jf:Yof]krf/sf] Joj:yf ul/lbP/

sfdsf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f, sfdsf] Hofnf, sfd ug]{ ;do, sfdsf]

k|s[ltaf/] lglZrt lgodsf] th'{df u/L /f]huf/bftfx¿åf/f nfu"

u/fpgsf nflu kxn u/]/

oftgf, of}gzf]if0f, lagfHofnfdf sfd nufpg] nufotsf ck/fwx¿ ug]{sf

lj?4sf b08 Joj:yfsf af/]df x/]s /f]huf/bftfnfO{ hfgsf/ u/fP/


;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf /x]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] ;"rgf ;+sng tyf

tfTsflns sf/afxL ;]jf ;+rfng u/]/

@=;d"x tyf ;+3;+:yfn] lgDgk|sf/n] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ M

afnclwsf/sf] kIfdf tyf afn>dsf] lj?4df pleP/,

dxf;lGw sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg u/]/,

;/sf/L k|ltj]bgdf ;xefuL eP/,

5fofF j}slNks k|ltj]bg k]z u/]/,

afnclwsf/ ;ldltsf] lgisif{ ;'emfjsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofP/,

afnclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo tyf /fli6«o sfg'gx¿sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofP/,

dxf;lGwcGtu{tsf] ;ldltdf ;xeflutf hgfP/,

3/]n' afn>dsf] lj?4df /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df nljË u/]/,

kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs eP/ .

3/]n' afn>ldsnfO{ ;+ul7t agfP/ .

afnclwsf/nfO{ Jojxf/df Nofpgsf nflu ePsf ;/sf/L

k|of;x¿

!= sfg'g lgdf{0f

afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ lgDg b'O{ j6f ljlzi6 P]gx¿ lgdf{0f eO;s]sf 5g\ Mafnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$* / lgodfjnL @)%@ tyf afn>d lgif]w tyflgoldt ug]{ P]g @)%^ . o;sf] ;fy} d'n'sL P]gsf] !! cf+} ;+zf]wg klg klxn]eGbfafnd}qL x'g] u/L ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .

753/]n' afn>d kl/ro

@= ;+:yfut k|of;

s= dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf

klxn]sf] ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnonfO{ dlxnf, afnaflnsfsf nflu ;d]t sfdug]{ u/L lhDd]jf/L yk u/]/ dGqfnosf] gfd g} dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf;dfhsNof0f dGqfno /flvof] .

v= dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf;DaGwL /fli6«o kl/ifb\

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udf /x]sf] of] kl/ifb\n] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf;d:ofx¿nfO{ /fli6«o of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 .

u= afn>d zfvf, >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno

afn>dnfO{ ljz]if ¿kn] Wofg lbgsf] nflu / o;df ;+rflnt ljleGgsfo{s|dx?sf] cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ug{sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/ >d tyfoftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnoleq afn>d zfvfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . >ddGqfnosf ;x;lrjsf] g]t[Tjdf /xg] pQm, afn>d zfvfn] ;do ;dodfafn>ddf sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;dGjo / cg'udg a}7sx?sf] cfof]hgfug]{ tyf afn>dsf] If]qdf pTs[i6 sfo{ ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ k'/:s[t ug]{ sfo{ klgug]{ ub{5 .

3= s]Gb«Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt

of] dGqfnosf] dftfxtdf /x]sf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$* cg';f/afnclwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ug]{ s]Gb|Lo ;+oGq xf] .

ª= lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt

o; ;ldltn] s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] dftfxtdf /x]/ sfd ug]{ ub{5 .o;b]lv afx]s /fHon] afnsNof0f u[x tyf afn;'wf/ u[x tyf ;':tdgl:ylts]Gb«sf] :yfkgf ug{ ;Sb5 . b]zsf] &% j6} lhNnfdf lhNnf afnsNof0f;ldlt u7g eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ s]xLnfO{ 5f]8]/ clwsf+z ;ldltx¿ ;lqmo¿kdf ;+rflnt x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .


r= lhNnf afn>d ;dGjo ;ldlt

>L % sf] ;/sf/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] ;Demf}tf u/L nfu" ug{ yfn]sf]afn>d lj?4 ;doa4 sfo{s|dnfO{ lhNnf:t/df klg k|efjsf/L tyf;dGjofTds 9+un] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug{sf nflu sfo{s|d ;+rflnt @@j6f lhNnfx¿df lhNnf afn>d ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;DalGwtlhNnfsf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;efkltsf] g]t[Tjdf /xg] pQm ;ldltdflhNnfsf cGo afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf afnsNof0f ;ldlt/ cGou}/;sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿ Klg ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf 5 .

5= afncbfnt jf afnOhnf;sf] Joj:yf

afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt d'2f x]g{sf nflu /fHon] afncbfntsf] u7g ug]{Joj:yf ePsf]df xfn;Dd klg afncbfnt u7g ul/Psf] 5}g . ;f]gx'~h]n;Ddsf nflu lhNnf cbfntaf6 x]l/g] d'2fsf] sf/jfxL / lsgf/fug{sf] nflu k|To]s lhNnf cbfntdf Ps–Ps j6f afnOhnf; /xg] Joj:yfePsf]df xfn &% j6} lhNnfdf afnOhnf;sf] Joj:yf ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

#= ;doj4 sfo{s|d

>L % sf] ;/sf/ / cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gaLr ;Demf}tf ePcg'¿k / >L % sf];/sf/n] lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d;DalGw dxf;lGw !*@ df x:tfIf/ u/L cg'df]bgu/]cg';f/ ;g\ @)!) leqdf lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d cGTo ug{sf nflu ;doj4sfo{s|d nfu" u/]sf] 5 . xfn of] sfo{s|d @@ j6f ljleGg lhNnfx¿df ;+rfngeO/x]sf] 5 .

$= afnljsf;sf nflu ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx¿

s= afn>lds k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd

o; sfo{qmdcGtu{t Unprecendented Children's Education Program o';]kg]kfn dfkm{t Go"gtd ;'ljwfljxLg lk5l8Psf blnt, hghflt afnaflnsf, >ldstyf ;8s afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf ;fy} Joj;flos lzIff tyf;Lkd"ns tflnd lbO{ cfTdlge{/ agfOG5 . xfn o; k|sf/sf] tflnd jflif{ssl/a @)) hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ lbg] ul/Psf] 5 .

773/]n' afn>d kl/ro

v= cgfy afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;+/If0f sfo{qmd M

o; sfo{qmdcGt/ut dGqfnon] cgfy afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu

lj/f6gu/, /fhlj/fh, la/u+h / a'6jndf u/L $ j6f afnsNof0f u[x ;+rfng

u/]sf] 5 eg] dx]Gb«gu/df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdfkm{t Pp6f afnsNof0f u[x ;+rfng

u/]sf] 5 . oL ;a} u[xx¿df u/L hDdf !%* hgf afnaflnsfx¿ /fVg;Sg] Ifdtf

/x]sf] 5 .

u= afn;'wf/ u[x M

y'g'jf, s}b 7f]lsPsf, nfu" kbf{ysf] s'ntdf nfu]sf tyf h]ndf k/]sf afa'cfdfsf

5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ /fVg eQmk'/sf] ;fgf]l7dLdf afn;'wf/ u[x :yfkgf u/L ;+rfng

ul/Psf] 5 . o;df xfn #@ hgf afnaflnsfx¿ /flvPsf] 5 .

3= cg'bfg sfo{qmd M

afnclwsf/, afnk}/jL, afnsfg'g ;+zf]wg, afn>lds Pj+ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d

pGd"ng;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt,

afnaflnsfsf] lgldQ u}=;=;=x¿sf] dxf;+3 g]kfnnfO{ jflif{s ¿kdf cg'bfg lbg]

ul/Psf] 5 .

ª= afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] k|ltj]bg M

g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwdf ;g\ !(() df x:tfIf/ u/]kl5

/fi6«n] k|To]s % jif{df cfjlws k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ePcg';f/ g]kfnn]

bf]>f] tyf t]>f] ;+o'Qm cfjlws k|ltj]bg ;g\ @))@ sf] l8;]Da/df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf]

afnclwsf/ ;ldltdf k7fO;s]sf] 5 .

r= afnaflnsfsf] nflu /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf M

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] bf]>f] ljz]if ;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/t ePsf]

afnaflnsfsf nflu ;'xfp‘bf] ljZj -A world fit for Children_ df k|ltj4tf hgfP

cg'¿ksf] National Plan of Action !) jif]{ /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/

u/]sf] 5 .


5= afn>d pGd"ng;DaGwL /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf

>L % sf] ;/sf/ >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon afn>d zfvfn] ;doa4sfo{s|dnfO{ k|efjsf/L / of]hgfut 9+un] nfu" ug{sf] nflu afn>d pGd"ng;DaGwL/fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . >d dGqfno afn>d zfvfaf6 pQmof]hgf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

h= åGåkLl8t afnaflnsfsf] k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd M

åGåaf6 k|efljt !* lhNnf a}t8L, c5fd, s}nfnL, afh'/f, h'Dnf, sflnsf]6,b}n]v, hfh/sf]6, ;'v]{t, alb{of, afFs], 8f]Nkf, Ko'7fg, ?s'd, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg, bfª /c3f{vfFrLsf åGåsf] sf/0faf6 afa'cfdfsf] d[To' eO{ cgfy ePsf @)) hgfafnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lhNnf afndlGb/ wgu9L / slknj:t'df /flvPsf] 5 eg]o;}u/L o:t} k|sf/sf !*) hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ g]kfn afn ;+u7g g]kfnu~htyf ;xf/f ;d"xåf/f ;+rflnt ;xf/f afnu[x g]kfnu~hdf k'g:yf{kgf ul/Psf]5 .

em= åGåkLl8t afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;dGjo ;ldlt M

åGåkLl8t afnaflnsfsf nflu pko'Qm gLlt, sfo{qmd;lxt ;'emfj k]z ug{,sfo{qmdsf] bf]xf]/f]kg x6fpg ;fy} ;dGjo ug{ s]G›Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf]sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglw ;lDdlntPs ;ldlt sfo{/t /x]sf] 5 .

`= cGo M

o;sf] ;fy} cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfosf] ;xof]u / ;dGjodf afn>dpGd"ng, 3/]n' lx+;f, afnaflnsf cf];f/k;f/ tyf a]rlavg /f]syfd, ;"rgfclen]v s]Gb«sf] ;+rfng h:tf ljljw If]qx¿df sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .

%= gjf}+ of]hgfcjlw / afnclwsf/

o; cjlwdf afnclwsf/sf] If]qdf ePsf sfo{x¿ lgDgk|sf/ 5g\ M

s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt u7g, afnOhnf;sf] Joj:yf, ;/sf/L

793/]n' afn>d kl/ro

tyf u}/;/sf/L :t/af6 sl7g kl/l:yltsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf]nflu ;+:yfut ljsf;, afnclwsf/;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4, afnclwsf/;DaGwLdxf;lGwsf b'O{j6f OR5fwLg cfn]vx¿df x:tfIf/, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf]dxf;lGw g+= !#* / !*@ nfO{ cg'df]bg, ;fs{ If]qLo afnsNof0f k|j4{g dxf;lGwdfx:tfIf/ ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . o;sf] ;fy} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] un}+rf sfvfgfdfsfd ug]{ >ldsx¿sf afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu # j6f lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb« ;+rfngu/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ^ j6f lhNnfsf b'O{–b'O{ :yfgdf >ldsx¿sf ;–;fgfafnaflnsfx¿sf nflu lbjf lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| vf]nL cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 .

^= bzf}+ of]hgf / afn>d

/fHon] xfn} lgdf{0f u/]sf] bzf}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf -@)%(–@)^$_df afnaflnsfsfnflu to ul/Psf nIo, /0fgLlt, sfo{gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ lgDgk|sf/ 5g\ M

nIo M

bzf}+ of]hgfdf lgs[i6 lsl;dsf afn>d pGd"ng ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 .

/0fgLlt M

afn>d x6fpg] / sl7g tyf lx+;fTds ultljlwaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfnfO{k'g:yf{kgf u/L pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ ;'b[9 ug]{

clwsf/d'vL cjwf/0ffdf afnclwsf/ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] d"nwf/df Nofpg]

afnclwsf/;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{

afn>d;DaGwL sfo{gLlt

lgs[i6 afn>dnfO{ of]hgfcjlwdf pGd"ng ug'{sf ;fy} cGo k|sf/sf>dx¿nfO{ pGd"ng ul/+b} n}hfg] / afnof}g zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/, a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ sfo{nfO{ k|ltsf/fTds, k|j4{gfTds tyf k'g:yf{kgfTds pkfockgfO{ /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f ug]{ .


sl7g kl/l:yltsf afnaflnsfx¿ tyf ;z:q ;+3if{af6 k|efljt eO{ lj:yflkt

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ . o;sf] nflu bft[

;d'bfo, u}/;/sf/L, lghL If]q / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ .

sfo{qmdx¿

cGt/f{li6«o :t/df bzf{Psf k|ltj4tf sfof{Gjog ug{ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf

tof/ ug]{ .

lgs[i6 afn>dnfO{ of]hgfcjlwdf pGd"ng ug]{ ;fy} cGo k|sf/sf >dx¿nfO{

pGd"ng ug{ cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox¿df ;xsfo{ ug]{ .

afnof}g zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/, a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ sfo{la?4 k|ltsf/fTds,

k|j4{gfTds tyf k'g:yf{kgfTds sfo{sf nflu kxn ug]{ Pj+ k|rf/ ug]{ .

sl7g kl/l:yltsf afnaflnsfx¿ tyf ;z:q ;+3if{af6 k|efljt

afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'g:yf{kgf u/L cfwf/e"t lzIff, :jf:Yosf]

;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] . o;sf] nflu bft[ ;d'bfo, u}/;/sf/L, lghL If]q /

gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ .

ck]lIft pknlAw

lgs[i6 afn>d pGd"ng ePsf] x'g]5 .

afnclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfox¿

!= cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox¿

s= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 / afnclwsf/ ;ldlt

ljZjdf :yfoL zflGt sfod ug]{ p2]Zon] ;g\ !($% df :Yffkgf ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;+3 dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug]{ Ps dfq ;jf]{Rr cGt/f{li6«o

lgsfo xf] . ljleGg ju{ ljz]ifsf clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ub}{ cfPsf] /fi6«;+3n]

afnclwsf/sf] nflu afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw tyf o;sf] P]lR5s k|n]v kfl/t u/L

ljZjel/sf afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] kIfdf cToGt dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 .

813/]n' afn>d kl/ro

afnclwsf/ sfof{Gjog ug]{, sfof{Gjog ug]{ s'/fsf] cg'udg, k|ltj]bg tof/ug{sf nflu afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwn] Pp6f æafnclwsf/ ;ldltÆ Joj:yf u/]sf]5 . !) hgf ;b:o /xg] o; ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw $ jif{sf] x'G5 . of];ldltsf] a}7s ;dfGotof jif{sf] Ps k6s a:g] u5{ .

afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ k|To]s /fi6«n] dxf;lGwnfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf]@ jif{kl5 / To;kl5 x/]s % jif{df dxf;lGw cg'¿k ePsf tyf x'g g;s]sfsfd sf/afxL;DaGwL k|ltj]bg oxL ;ldltdf a'emfpg'k5{ .

g]kfnn] afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw cGtu{tsf] k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg ;g\ !((%df / ;g\ @))@ df cg'udg k|ltj]bg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] afnclwsf/ ;ldltdfk]z u/]sf] lyof] .

v= cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g

;g\ !(!( df :yfkgf ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] >ldsx¿sf] xslxtsf];+/If0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljZjel/ g} eO/x]sf] afnaflnsfx¿dfly ul/g] >dzf]if0fsf] lj?4df ;+u7gn] ;g\ !((( df hf]lvdo'Qm afn>d;DaGwL dxf;lGwg+= !*@ kfl/t u¥of] . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu l;kmfl/; g+= !() klg kfl/tu/]sf] 5 . ;+u7gn] ;+;f/af6} afn>d pGd"ng ug]{ p2]Zon] afn>d pGd"ng;DaGwLcGt/f{li6«o sfo{qmd -cfOk]s_ ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 . o;cGtu{t g]kfnnufot ljZjsfcGo # /fi6«df ;doa4 sfo{s|dsf] dfWodaf6 lgs[i6 txsf] afn>d pGd"ng ug]{nIo lnPsf] 5 . o;} sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;+u7gn] g]kfnnufot ljZjsf ljleGgd'n'sdf 3/]n' afn>dsf] af/]df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ tyf lgs[i6 afn>dsf]¿kdf /x]sf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ pGd"ng ug]{ lbzftkm{ cufl8 a9\g]sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 .

o;sf ;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ljlzi6 ;+:yf o'lg;]kmnufot afnclwsf/sf] If]qdfsfo{/t cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] klg afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] Jojxfl/ssfof{Gjog ug{] sfddf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf 5g\ .

@= /fli6«o ;+oGqx¿

s= ;+;b

;+;b b]zsf] ljlw lgdf{0f ug]{ lgsfo xf] . o;n] gofF sfg'gx¿ lgdf0f{ u/]/ ag]sfsfg'g ;do kl/l:ylt cg's"n ;+zf]wg ug]{ ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} o;n] afnclwsf/dxf;lGwnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿nfO{ :yfgLos/0f ug]{ sfd ub{5 .


v= Gofokflnsf

Gofokflnsf cyf{t\ ;jf]{Rr cbfntb]lv lhNnf cbfnt;Ddsf Goflos lgsfox¿n]

dxf;lGwcg';f/sf sfg'gx¿sf] kl/kfngf u/fpgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgefPsf]

x'G5 .

u= dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnoM

/fHon] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfg'gx¿ nfu" ug]{ pRr lgsfosf ¿kdf

dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnosf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;n]

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f;DaGwL sfg'gx¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{, gLltx¿

lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd ub{5 . o;sf dftfxtdf /x]sf sfof{nox¿n] /fHosf] gLlt

lgod nfu" ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .

3= s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt

afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$* cg';f/ afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f ug]{

p2]Zon] s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . o;df ;fdflhs

sfo{stf{, dlxnf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{, lrlsT;s, afndgf]j}1flgs / lzIfsx¿af6

;d]t ;b:o /xg] u/L a9Ldf PSsfO{; hgf ;b:ox¿ x'G5g\ . o;sf ;b:osf]

sfo{sfn $ jif{sf] x'G5 .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] sfd

afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f tyf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf;;DaGwL

bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o gLlt / of]hgf th'{df u/L ;/sf/;dIf k]z ug]{ .

;/sf/af6 :jLs[t gLlt / of]hgf ;DalGwt dGqfno jf lgsfodfk{mt

sfofGjog ug]{ u/fpg] .

lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltx¿ tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿nfO{ dfu{ lgb]{zg

ug]{ .

833/]n' afn>d kl/ro

k|To]s lhNnfdf sf/uf/df /x]sf, j]jfl/;L cj:yfdf /x]sf, >ldssf] ¿kdf

sfo{/t afnaflnsf tyf ;':tdgl:ylt ePsf afnaflnsfx¿sf] 5'§f5'§}

tYofÍ ;+sng u/L clen]v /fVg] .

afndhb'/ / afnljjfx tyf b]jL b]jtfsf] gfpFdf afns r9fpg] k|yfsf]

cGTo ug{sf nflu cfjZos pkfox¿ kQf nufpg] / tL pkfox¿ cjnDag

ug{sf nflu ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .

/fHoåf/f cg'df]lbt afnclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo dxf;lGwx¿ tyf

/fli6«o sfg'gx¿sf] k|rf/—k|;f/ ug]{ .

ª= >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno afn>d zfvf

afn>dnfO{ ljz]if ¿kn] Wofg lbgsf] nflu / o;df ;+rflnt ljleGg sfo{s|dx¿sf]

cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ug{sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/ >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf

dGqfnoleq afn>d zfvfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . >d dGqfnosf ;x;lrjsf]

g]t[Tjdf /xg] pQm afn>d zfvfn] ;do—;dodf afn>ddf sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf]

;dGjo / cg'udg a}7sx?sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ tyf afn>dsf] If]qdf pTs[i6 sfo{

ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ k'/:s[t ug]{ sfo{ klg ug]{ ub{5 .

r= dlxnf tyf afnljsf; kl/ifb\ M

of] kl/ifb\ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udf /xG5 . o;n] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf]

ljsf;sf nflu sfo{qmd agfpF5 . dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf nflu ;]jfd'vL sfo{x¿

ub{5 .

#= lhNnf:t/df /x]sf lgsfox¿

s= lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] dftfxtdf ag]sf] lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt s]Gb|Lo

afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] dfu{lgb]{zgdf sfd ug]{ ;+:Yff xf] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf]

;+of]hsTjdf ;fdflhs ;]jfdf sfo{/t JolQmx¿, afnaflnsfx¿sf] xslxt;DaGwL


sfo{df ;+nUg ;fdflhs sfo{stf{, dlxnf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{, lrlsT;sx¿,

afndgf]j}1flgsx¿, lzIfsx¿ u/L & hgfsf] sfo{;ldlt x'G5 . lhNnf afnsNof0f

;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw $ jif{sf] x'G5 .

lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] sfd

!= afnaflnsfx¿sf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f tyf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf;;DaGwL

lhNnf:t/Lo gLlt / of]hgf th'{df ug]{ .

@= s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/]sf gLlt / of]hgfcg';f/ jflif{s

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

#= jflif{s sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ :yfgLo ;|f]t vf]hL / kl/rfng ug]{ .

$= lhNnfleqsf sf/fuf/df /x]sf, a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf /x]sf jf >ldssf] ¿kdf

sfo{/t afnaflnsf tyf ckfË / ;':tdgl:ylt ePsf afnaflnsfsf] tYofÍ

;+sng u/L clen]v /fVg] .

%= lhNnfdf /x]sf afndhb'/ / afnljjfx tyf b]jL b]jtfsf] gfddf r9fOPsf

afnaflnsf eP ;f];DaGwL tYofÍ ;+sng u/L To;sf] clen]v /fVg] .

^= lhNnfleq ;+rflnt afnsNof0f u[x, afn;'wf/ u[x, cgfyfno tyf ;':tdgl:ylt

s]Gb« cflbsf] clen]v /fVg] tyf ltgLx¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ .

&= afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f tyf afnsNof0fsf/L sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{,

o;sf] ;fy} o:tf] sfo{ ug{ ;fdflhs sfo{stf{, ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L

;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .

v= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lgsfo xf] t/ o;sf ;fy} o;n]

/fHosf dflyNnf] lgsfoaf6 k7fOPsf gLlt lgb]{zgx¿nfO{ nfu" ug{sf nflu

dxTj /fVg] ub{5 . ;/sf/ / hgtfaLr k'nsf] sfd ug]{ lgsfo ePsf]n]

afnclwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sfnflu o;n] pNn]vgLo e"ldsf lgefpg ;S5 .

853/]n' afn>d kl/ro

u= lhNnf afn>d ;dGjo ;ldlt

>L % sf] ;/sf/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] ;Demf}tf u/L nfu" ug{ yfn]sf]afn>dlj?4 ;doa4 sfo{s|dnfO{ lhNnf:t/df klg k|efjsf/L tyf ;dGjfoTds9+un] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug{sf nflu sfo{s|d ;+rflnt @@ j6f lhNnfx¿dflhNnf afn>d ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;DalGwt lhNnfsf lhNnfljsf; ;ldltsf ;efkltsf] g]t[Tjdf /xg] pQm ;ldltdf lhNnfsf cGoafnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf afnsNof0f ;ldlt / cGo u}/;/sf/L;+3 ;+:yfx¿ klg ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf 5 .

3= >L % sf] ;/sf/sf If]q tyf lhNnf:t/Lo lgsfox¿

dGqfnosf] dftfxtdf /x]sf If]q tyf lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿ sfg'g,gLlt lgodx¿ nfu" ug]{ lgsfo ePsfn] afnclwsf/ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu klglogLx¿sf] plQs} bfloTj x'G5 .

$= ufpF / gu/ txsf lgsfox¿

uf=lj=;= tyf gu/kflnsf eg]sf] hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ tyf hgtfsf 3/b}nf]df/x]sf] ;/sf/ xf] . o;}n] /fHon] k|ltj4tf hgfPsf cGo dxf;lGwx¿ em}+afnclwsf/;Fu ;Da4 dxf;lGwx¿nfO{ ufpF txdf nfu" ug{] sfddf logLx¿sf]7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . oL lgsfox¿nfO{ afnclwsf/k|lt hlt–hlt ;hu / ;+j]bgzLnagfpg ;lsG5 plt–plt hf]lvdo'Qm afn>dsf] lgd"{n ub}{ afn>ds} cGTo ug]{af6f]lt/ cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] jftfj/0f tof/ x'G5 .

s= j8f ;ldlt

gu/kflnsf / uf=lj=;sf dftfxtdf /x]sf j8f ;ldltx¿ ;a} lsl;dsf sfg'gx¿nfu" ug]{ ;a}eGbf tNnf lgsfo x'g\ . k|To]s j8fdf Ps–Ps j6f j8f ;ldlt /xg]ePsf]n] j8f ;ldltnfO{ afnclwsf/k|lt ;+j]bzLn, rnfodfg / ;lqmo agfpg;s]df :yfgLo txsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf w]/} ;d:ofx¿ xn ug{ ;lsG5 .3/b}nf]sf] ;/sf/ ePsf]n] 3/]n' afn>dnufot afnaflnsf;DaGwL s'g} klgtYofÍ ;+sng ug{, clen]v /fVg ;xh x'G5 .

%= afnclwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ lgsfox¿

s= /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿

hgtfsf] /fhgLlts k|ltlglwTj ug]{ / pgLx¿;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf ;DaGw /fVg];+:yfx¿ eg]sf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ g} x'g\ . ;+;bLo k|0ffnLcg';f/ /fhgLlts


kf6L{x¿dWo] cfdlgjf{rgdf ax'dtk|fKt kf6L{n] g} ;/sf/ agfpg;Sg] ePsf]n]

sfg'g, gLlt lgod agfpg] ;jfndf pgLx¿sf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 .

csf{lt/ x/]s /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] b]zel/ ;f+u7flgs ;~hfn lgdf{0f u/]sf

x'G5g\ . olb /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ afnclwsf/k|lt ;+j]bgzLn agfpg ;s]sf]

v08df pgLx¿;Fu hf]lvdo'Qm cj:yfdf /x]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf

;'wf/ Nofpgsf nflu sfg'g, gLlt lgdf0f{b]lv lnP/ gu/ / ufpF tx;Ddsf

afnsNof0fsf/L sfo{x¿ ug{sf nflu pNn]vgLo ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 .

v= ;d"x, ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, Sna tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿

hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf b]zsf] ljsf;b]lv lnP/ hgtfnfO{ clwsf/;DkGg agfpg]

sfo{df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] plQs} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . afnclwsf/sf] If]qdf

sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] afnaflnsfsf] arfp, ljsf; ;+/If0f tyf

;xeflutfsf] clwsf/nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ / of];Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo

tyf /fli6«o sfg'gx¿sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{sf nflu pNn]vgLo of]ubfg lbPsf

5g\ .

3/]n' afn>dsf] If]qdf sfd ubf{ cfOkg]{ sl7gfOx¿

3/leq ul/g] sfddf ;+nUg 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg ePsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{

afn>ldssf] ¿kdf dfGotf lbOPsf] 5}g . 3/leq ul/g] sfd ubf{

afnaflnsfx¿ ;'/lIft x'G5g\ eGg] 7flgG5 . /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/df uP/

3/]n' afn>ldssf] kIfdf s'/fsfgL ug'[{nfO{ JolQmut dfldnfdfly x:tIf]k

ePsf] dflgG5 .

3/]n' afn>d 3/sf] rf/ kvf{nleq /xg] x'Fbf k|ToIf ¿kn] ;fj{hlgs x'g

;Sb}g . of] cb[Zo 5 . o;sf] cg';Gwfg, clen]vLs/0f ug{ sl7g 5 .

o;}n] klxrfg ug{, ;+Vof kQf nufpg / ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ klg sl7g

5 .

3/]n' afn>dnfO{ afn>dsf] ¿kdf ;dfhn] :jLsf/ ul//x]sf] 5}g . o;sf]

;fy} ;+3 ;+:yfx¿n] klg o;nfO{ uDeL/ ;jfnsf] ¿kdf lnO/x]sf 5}gg\,

h;n] ubf{ cGo k|sf/sf] afn>dnfO{ h:t} 9+uaf6 3/]n' afn>d sfg'g tyf

gLltx¿df ;d]l6g ;s]sf] 5}g .

873/]n' afn>d kl/ro

3/]n' >d n's]sf] >dsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] tyf o;n] cfly{s lqmofsnfksf]

¿kdf dfGotf gkfPsf]n] ubf{ of] /fHon] lgdf{0f u/]sf] >dnO{ lgoldt ug]{;+oGqleq ;d]l6Psf] 5}g . h:t} /fHon] >dnfO{ lgoldt ug]{ >d lg/LIf0f,btf{ sfo{:ynsf] lg/LIf0f cflb nufotsf pBf]uklt / dhb'/x¿aLr lgoGq0f/ ;Gt'ng ug]{ w]/} ljlw ljwfgx¿ lgdf{0f u/L Jojxf/df NofPsf] 5 . oL;+oGqx¿ 3/]n' >dsf] If]qdf k|of]u x'g] xf] eg] logLx¿n] 3/]n' >dleq x'g]afnaflnsfsf] zf]if0fnfO{ kbf{kmf; ug]{ / kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ dxTjk"0f{;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] lyof] .


gf}3/]n' afn>ddf x:tIf]k ug]{ dfu{lgb]{zgx¿

s= lgs[i6 3/]n' afn>d pGd"ngsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o >d

;+u7gn] u/]sf] dfu{lgb]{zg

!= lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d pGd"ng ub}{ 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ g}

lg/fs/0f ug]{ lbzftkm{ cufl8 a9\gsf nflu ug{ ;lsg] sfdx¿ M

afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>ddf k|j]z ug{af6 /f]Sgsf nflu afnaflnsftyf pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .

3/]n' afn>dsf] nflu afnaflnsfsf] dfu / k"lt{ kIf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg]x¿sf]k|j[lQ / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg] .

afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg x'gsf] nflu Go"gtd pd]/ lgwf{/0f ug]{sfg'gL k|fjwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ .

afn>d;DaGwL sfg'g, afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf]afn>dsf nflu Go"gtd pd]/ lgwf{/0f dxf;lGw g+= !#* / hf]lvdo'Qmafn>d pGd"ng;DaGwL dxf;lGw g+= !*@ sf cfwf/df 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf]cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug]{ .

lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>daf6 afnaflnsfnfO{ tTsfn x6fO{ pgLx¿nfO{k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ . of] sfo{ pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/ tyf ;d'bfosf];xof]u lnP/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

893/]n' afn>d kl/ro

tTsfn d'Qm ug{sf nflu hl6n cj:yf ePsf] v08df 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{;'/lIft tj/n] d'Qm ug]{ l:ylt l;h{gf gx'~h]n ;xof]u / ;+/If0f ug]{ .

3/]n' afn>d / 3/]n' afnsfdaLr k|i6 /]vf sf]/L 3/]n' afn>d;DaGwL;jfnnfO{ k|i6 / ulx¥ofOsf ;fy a'em\g] .

3/]n' afn>dk|lt ;fj{hlgs rf;f] a9fpg tyf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{;+:yfut ;xof]u clej[l4 ug{ sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ .

@= d"n sf/0fx¿dfly s;/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ <

@=!= ul/aL

afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' >ddf nfUg afWo kfg]{ d"n sf/0f ul/aL xf] . o;af6pgLx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu ul/aLsf lj?4 n8\g} kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;a}eGbfklxn] ;DalGwt kl/jf/sf] ul/aL;Fu ;fdgf ug]{ cfo>f]t 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/f;'lglZrt ug]{ . o:tf kl/jf/x¿ ePsf 7fpFdf ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd / cfocfh{g lqmofsnfkx¿ ;+rfng ug]{ . o; qmddf n3' C0f, ;fd'bflos pBdkl/of]hgf, art sfo{qmd, ufpF:t/sf ;xsf/Lx¿, Joj;flos Pj+ ;Lk ljsf;tflnd ;+rfng, ;fgf Joj;fosf] ljsf; / hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk tyf laQLo Joj:yfkgtflnd h:tf s'/fx¿ ;+rfng ug]{, h;af6 ul/aLaf6 ;+s6u|:t ag]sf kl/jf/x¿n]cfkm\gf] cfo j[l4 ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

@=@ ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{

cfly{s l:ylt ;'b[9 eP/ dfq 3/]n' afn>d Go"g jf ;dfKt ug{ ;lsGg . o;sfnflu ;d'bfodf ljifoj:t'sf] af/]df ulx/f] hfgsf/L / o;n] afnaflnsfsf] hLjg/ l;Ëf] b]zs} ljsf;df kfg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf af/]df ;hutf Pj+ ;r]tgtf x'g}kb{5 . o:tf] ;r]tgtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd dflg;x¿sf] k|j[lQ / Jojxf/kl/jt{g ug]{tkm{ pGd'v x'g'kb{5 . o; sfo{qmdn] afnaflnsfsf ;+/Ifsx¿ ;zQmx'G5g\ tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ bafa lbP/ :s'n 5f]8fpFb} sfddf nufpg] k|j[lQdfsdL cfF‘5 . :jo+ afnaflnsfn] klg cfkm\gf] clwsf/ lzIff / o;sf] dxTj, ;fg}pd]/df 3/]n' afn>ddf nfUbf To;af6 x'g ;Sg] hf]lvdx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/Lk|fKt ub{5g\ . ;r]tgtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd ;a} txdf ;+rfng u/]df k|efjsf/Lx'G5 . h:t} M :s'n] ljBfyL{, o'jf ;d"x, dlxnf ;d"x tyf cleefjsx¿b]lv lnP/gLlt lgdf{0f tx cflb . sfo{qmd ;fd'bflos a}7s, :jf:Yo s]Gb«, /]l8of, l6=eL=,


cfd;ef, h'n';, tflnd, cGt/lqmof cflbsf] dfWodaf6 ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .sfg'gL dfGotfsf] nflu klg hgjsfnt sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .

@=#= clgjfo{ lzIff

olb afnaflnsfnfO{ cNksfnLg jf bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf 3/]n' afn>dnufot cGok|sf/sf afn>ddf nfUgaf6 /f]Sg'5 eg] ljBfno hfg] pd]/sf afnaflnsfnfO{ljBfno k7fpg} kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf u/LlzIffdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . kl/jf/÷;d'bfon] afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnodfegf{ u/]/, lg/Gt/ :s'n k7fP/ lzIffsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg ;S5g\ .cfdfafa'n] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ :s'naf6 lgsfN5g\ lsgls pgLx¿ :jo+n] k9\g]cj;/ kfPgg\ / lzIffsf] dxTj a'em\g ;s]gg\ .

ef}uf]lns ¿kn] 6f9f ePsf] tyf cGo sf/0fn] :s'n 5f]8\g] k|j[lQ ePsf 7fpFx¿dfcgf}krfl/s lzIffn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng;S5 . sfd u/]s} 7fpFx¿df laxfg,a]n'sfsf sIffx¿ ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . Joj;flos ;Lko'Qm sIffx¿ ;+rfngug{ ;lsG5 .

@=$= ko{j]If0f 6f]nL

/f]uJofwsf] dxfdf/L, af9L klx/f], e'OFrfnf], zLtnx/, cToflws udL{ cflb b}jLk|sf]k,lx+;fTds åGå, o'4 h:tf ;+s6 ePsf] a]nf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf k5fl8kfl/Psf ;d"xx¿ a9L hf]lvddf kg]{ ub{5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf dfly elgPsf;d"xnfO{ nlIft u/]/ ;+/If0f sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ug]{ . o:tf sfdx¿ ;d'bfosf]/]vb]v ug]{, ljBfno ko{j]If0f ug]{ 6f]nL jf o'jfx¿nfO{ agfOPsf ;fdflhssfo{stf{x¿sf] ko{j]If0f 6f]nL u7g ug{ ;lsG5 . o;} 6f]nLsf] dfWodaf6 ;+s6af6a9L l;sf/ x'g;Sg] afnaflnsf a;f]af; u/]sf] If]q, P8\;af6 k|efjljt;d'bfox¿df ko{j]If0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 ;+s6 cfpgf;fy tL 7fpFsfafnaflnsfnufot cGo hf]lvddf kg]{ ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ ;xh x'G5 .

@=% ;+s6sfnLg sfo{qmd

;+s6u|:t cj:yfdf /x]sf kl/jf/x¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ xn ug{ ;xof]uug{sf nflu ;+s6sfnLg sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ul/g'kb{5 . o;f] ePdf tL kl/jf/sfafnaflnsfdfly cfOkg]{ hf]lvdx¿nfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx¿cNksfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg b'j} lsl;dsf] x'g'kb{5 . cfkt\sfnLg l:yltsf] ;fdgf

913/]n' afn>d kl/ro

ug{ cNksfnLg / ;+s6af6 d'Qm gx'~h]n;Ddsf] nflu bL3{sflng sfo{qmdx¿;+rfng ul/g' kb{5 . cNksflng ;xof]udf c:yfoL ¿kdf ufF;, af; / skf;,:jf:Yo ;]jf, cfly{s ;xof]u cflb cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .o:tf] l:yltdf ;:tf] >dsf] nflu cfFvf nufO/x]sf JolQmx¿af6 afnaflnsfnfO{;+/If0f ug{ ljz]if sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 .

@=^= n}l·s c;dfgtflj?4 ljz]if sfo{qmd

;dfhdf ljBdfg\ n}lËs c;dfgtfsf] sf/0f vf;u/L aflnsfx¿ a9L hf]lvddfkg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . o;s} sf/0f s]6Lx¿n] k9\g] cj;/ gkfpg], kfP klg aLr}dfk9fO 5f]8\g'kg]{, cfkm\g} 3/df a:bf klg s]6fsf] t'ngfdf s]6Ln] 3/]n' sfdwGbfdfa9L hf]ltg'kg]{, afn>dsf] qmddf of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ x'g'kg]{h:tf ;d:ofx¿ em]Ng'kl//x]sf] 5 . o;sf] lj?4df bL3{sfnLg ;f]rsf ;fy nfUg'cfjZos 5 . dlxnf /f]huf/bftfx¿ hf] :j o+ dlxnf x'g\ tyf 3/]n' sfdwGbfdfa9L ;/f]sf/ /fVg] u5{g\, s]6Lx¿dfly x'g;Sg] zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf] af/]df a9LWofg lbg' cfjZos 5 . n}lËs c;dfgtfsf] lj?4df ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] cltl/QmlzIff, ;r]tgtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd ug'{kb{5 . sfg'gdf ;dfg cj;/ lb+b}To;sf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjogsf] nflu hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} n}lËs ;dtfdfcfwfl/t cg';Gwfg, tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{ / To;sf] cfwf/df of]hgfx¿ agfpg]ug'{kb{5 .

@=&= cGo k|sf/sf ;fdflhs lje]blj?4 sfo{qmd

;dfhdf ePsf cGo k|sf/sf lje]bn] ubf{ ;dfhdf s]xL dflg;x¿n] cfkm"nfO{dflyNnf] ju{sf], dflyNnf] hftsf] / s]xL dflg;x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ tNnf] hft jfju{sf] 7fGg] u5{g\ . vf;u/L hft, hflt, hghflt, j0f{, pd]/, wgsf] cfwf/dful/g] lje]bn] ;d'bfodf c;dfg zlQm ;DaGw :yfkgf ul/lbG5 . h:t}, 7"nf] hft7fGg]n] cfkm"nfO{ zlQmzfnL 7fg]sf] x'G5 . p;n] ;fgf] hftnfO{ x]Kg], bafpg] h:tfs'/fx¿nfO{ ;fdfGo s'/f 7fg]sf] x'G5 . o;/L ;fgf] hfltnfO{ hlxNo} lgwf]{ eP/afFRg afWo agfOG5 . hfltsf] cfwf/df dfq xf]Og c? s'g} klg cfwf/df sfodePsf] c;dfg zlQm ;DaGwaf6 k|efljt ePsf] ;d'bfodf afnaflnsfx¿ c?a9L ;+s6df x'G5g\ . of] bL3{sfnLg ;d:of ePsf]n] o;sf] ;dflKt lzIff,hgjsfnt, ;r]tgtf cflb cleofgsf] dfWodaf6 dfq ;Dej 5 . o;sf] ;fy}cNksfnLg ¿kdf ;DalGwt ;d'bfodf s'g lsl;dsf] ;fdflhs lje]b 5To;}cg';f/sf] sfg'g nfu" ug]{ ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 . o;/L 3/]n' afn>dnufot


cGo k|sf/sf] afn>dsf] d'xfg tof/ ug]{ o; k|sf/sf ;fdflhs lje]bsf] lj?4sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ul//xg'kb{5 .

@=* afn>ddf nfUgaf6 ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{qmd

s'g} ;d'bfo n}lËs e]befj / hftLo e]befj h:tf ;fdflhs e]befjaf6 a9Lk|efljt ePsf 5g\ eg] ToxfFsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{qmd nfu"ul/g'kb{5 . gqeg] pgLx¿ 3/]n' >dnufot cGo k|sf/sf] afn>ddf nfUg]k|an ;Defjgf x'G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] afn>daf6 hf]ufpgsfnflu ;j{k|yd pgLx¿nfO{ ;+s6df kfg]{ tTjx¿sf] klxrfg u/L afnaflnsf,ltgLx¿sf] cfdf afa', kl/jf/ cflbnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ x'sf{pg]bfloTj lnPsf cfdfafa'nfO{ afnaflnsfn] ef]Ug'kg]{ hf]lvdx¿sf] af/]df klg;hu u/fpg'kb{5 .

@=(= afn>ddf nufpg lgif]w ug]{ sfo{qmd

;d'bfodf 3/]n' afn>dsf] dfu / k"lt{sf] ;lds/0fdfly x:tIf]k ug{ ;+efljt/f]huf/bftfx¿nfO{ nlIft u/]/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 . o;sf nflu 3/]n'afn>ldsx¿sf] sfd ug]{ ynf]df g} uP/ o:tf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 .h;af6 /f]huf/bftfx¿ afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' >ddf nufpg ;d'bfoaf6} lg?T;fxug]{ / lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>ddf nufpg]lj?4 sbd rfNg] lsl;dsf] kl/j]ztof/ ug]{ sfo{qmd ug'{kb{5 .

#= k|d'v ;+oGqx¿nfO{ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf nfu" ug{

#=!= /fHox¿sf] k|ltj4tf, k|ltj]bg / lg/Gt/ /]vb]v ug]{ ;+oGq

3/]n' afn>dlj?4sf] k|d'v cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGwg+= !#* / !*@ x'g\ . o;n] ljZjel/s} ;/sf/x¿nfO{ afn>d pGd"ng ug{sf]nflu ljZjJofkL ¿kdf k|ltj4 u/fPsf] 5 . oL dxf;lGwx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{k|To]s /fi6«n] dxf;lGwx¿ nfu" u/]kl5 ePsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg cGt/f{li6«o >d;+u7gdf k]z ug'{kb{5 . o;af6 ;+u7gn] ;DalGwt b]zx¿df ePsf] k|ultsf]cg'udg ug]{ u5{ . o;sf] cltl/Qm /f]huf/bftfx¿ / dhb'/x¿sf] tkm{af65'§f5'§} dxf;lGw nfu" ePsf] ;DaGwL ;"rgfx¿ ;+u7gsf] ljz]if1x¿sf] ;ldltdf

933/]n' afn>d kl/ro

k7fpF5g\ . oltdfq xf]Og gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yfx¿sf] tkm{af6

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] klg afn>d;Fu ;DalGwt ;jfnx¿df ;+u7gsf] Wofgfsif{0f

ub{5 . ;+u7gn] cfof]hgf u/]sf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;Dd]ng, ;+u7gsf ;b:o

/fi6«x¿sf] jflif{s a}7sdf s}of}+ JolQmut dfldnfx¿dfly klg 5nkmn x'g] ub{5 .

k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] / To;kl5 afn>dlj?4 /fi6«x¿df ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf]

lg/Gt/ ¿kdf /]vb]v ug]{ ;+oGqx¿n] dxf;lGwx¿nfO{ ;/sf/x¿, gful/s ;dfh

kl/rfng ug]{, cg'ejx¿ cfbfg—k|bfg ug]{ ax'cfoflds ;+oGqsf] ¿kdf :yflkt

ePsf] 5 .

#=@= ;doj4 sfo{qmdx¿ (Time–Bound Programmes)

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] to u/]sf] tTsfnsf] lbzf eg]sf] lgs[i6 k|sf/sf]

afn>dsf] tTsfn pGd"ng xf] eg] cGo k|sf/sf afn>dx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd rfF8f]

pGd"ng ug'{ xf] . o;sf nflu ;+u7gn] ;d:ofu|:t /fi6«x¿df ;doj4 sfo{qmdx¿

;+rfng ug{ yfln;s]sf] 5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx¿ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>daf6

kLl8t afnaflnsf jf o; k|sf/sf] afn>ddf kLl8t afnaflnsf jf o; k|sf/sf]

afn>ddf kg]{ ;Defjgf ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ s]lGb«t u/]/ ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 .

#=#= afn>dlj?4 /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfx¿ (National Plans of Action)

afn>dsf] lj?4 jf afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf cGo

sfo{qmdx¿df /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfx¿ klg x'g\ . t/ olb afn>dnfO{ afn>dsf]

¿kdf dfGotf gePsf] v08df o; k|sf/sf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf 3/]n' afn>d

g;d]l6g] vt/f /xG5 . /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfx¿ /fli6«o jf k|fGtLo txdf ;+rfng

ul/Psf Jojxfl/s ;+oGqx¿ x'g\ . oL ;+oGqx¿n] afn>d pGd"ngsf] nflu s]

s:tf sf/afxLx¿sf] cfjZostf x'G5 eGg] s'/f lglZrt ub{5 . /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf

tof/ ubf{ afn>d ;d:of cToflws ePsf] Onfsf klxrfg u/L To;nfO{ ;d]6\g]

sfd ul/Psf] x'G5 . o;sf] ;fy} afn>dnfO{ Go"g ub}{, cGTo ug]{ lbzftkm{ cl3

a9\gsf nflu cfjZos dfgjLo ;|f]t ;fwgx¿ nufot cGo ;|f]t ;fwgx¿

pknAw ug{ kxn ub{5 . o;sf] ;fy} /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu

cfof]hgf ul/g] k/fdz{ a}7s tyf 5nkmnx¿n] afn>dlj?4 dfgjLo tyf cGo

>f]t ;fwgx¿sf] kl/rfng / ;+hfn lgdf{0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgefpF5g\ .

g]kfndf o:tf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] 5 .


#=$= ;doj4 sfo{qmd / /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{/fli6«o kl/rfng ;ldlt lgdf{0f

dfly elgPsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu Pp6f

;+oGq :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] lgsfo jf ;+oGqn] sfo{qmdx¿ nfu" ePkl5

k|ult a}7ssf] cfof]hgf ug]{, k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{, ;doj4 sfo{qmd / /fli6«o

sfo{of]hgf nfu" ug{]{ ;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu tflnd lbg], tL

;+:yfx¿aLr ;dGjo ug]{, ;+;bnufot ;/sf/sf cGo lgsfox¿df k|ltj]bg

k]z ug]{, sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ k|fKt ePsf /fd|f s'/fx¿ tyf cGo cg'ejx¿

cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ . cGo b]zdf afn>dlj?4 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] o:tf] ;+oGqdf >d

ljefu, dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno, sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno,

lzIff dGqfno, ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, /f]huf/bftf / dhb"/x¿sf]

;+:yf, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3, bft[ ;+:Yffx¿ cflb ;lDdlnt ePsf] ax'kIfLo Pp6f

;ldlt lgdf{0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

#= % sfg'gL ;+/If0f

afnaflnsfnfO{ afn>daf6 ;+/If0f ug]{ Pp6f k|efjsf/L dfWod sfg'g xf] .

afn>dlj?4 sfg'g lgdf{0f ePsf] eP tfklg 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ afn>dsf] ¿kdf

dfGotf glbOPsf] x'gfn] o;af6 kLl8t afnaflnsf sfg'gL ;+/If0faf6 al~rt

x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . 3/]n' afn>d 3/leqsf] dfldnf ePsfn] ljwfosx¿n] klg of]

;d:ofnfO{ sfg'gsf] 3]/fleq Nofpg cfjZos g7flg/x]sf x'g;S5g\ . h] eP

tfklg 3/]n' afn>dleq x'g] zf]if0faf6 afnaflnsfnfO{ d'Qm ug{'kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf

b'O{ dt x'g ;Sb}g . olb of] s'/f xf] eg] o;sf] lj?4df ;zQm sfg'g / To;sf]

Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog x'g} kb{5 .

sfg'gL k|fjwfgn] cfd hgtfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>d s] xf] < o;nfO{ lsg pGd"ng ug]{ <

h:tf ;jfnx¿af/] k|i6 kfg{ d2t ub{5 . o;sf] ;fy} 3/]n' >dleq s] s:tf]

cj:yfdf sxfF sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf] k|of]u ug{ cfjZos x'G5 eGg] s'/f a'em\g d2t

ub{5 . o:tf] sfg'gL ;+/If0fn] Go'gtd pd]/eGbf dflysf afnaflnsfnfO{ lglZrt

sfg'gL k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ dfq sfd nufpg kfOg] s'/fsf] Joj:yf ub{5 . ;fy} >d

clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ lg/LIf0fsf] nflu ;xh agfOlbG5 . o;n] afna]rlavg, C0f

aFw'jf afn>daf6 afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ sfd ub{5 .

953/]n' afn>d kl/ro

#=^ sfg'g sfof{Gjog

agfOPsf sfg'gx¿ dfq k|efjsf/L eP/ x'Fb}g, To;sf] sfof{Gjog klg k|efjsf/L

x'g'kb{5 . sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] sfg'g sfuhL 3f]8f dfq x'G5 . sfg'g nfu" ug]{

d"n bfloTj ;/sf/sf] xf] . t/ sfg'g nfu" ug]{ s'/fnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf

nflu /f]huf/bftf, 6]«8 o'lgog, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lzIfsx¿, afnaflnsfsf] ;Dks{df

cfpg] cGo k]zfdf nfu]sf JolQmx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf] klg bfloTj x'G5 .

logLx¿n] sfg'g pNn+3g ePsf a]nf pNn+3g ug]{ pNn+3gstf{sf] lj?4df ;DalGwt

lgsfodf ph'/L lbP/ sfg'g sfof{Gjodf 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ . ;/sf/L

lgsfox¿åf/f, clwsf/Lx¿åf/f sfg'g sfof{Gjogdf ul/Psf] a]jf:tflj?4 lgu/fgL

ul/g'kb{5 . o;}u/L Gofokflnsf jf sfg'g Joj;foLx¿n] klg hf]lvddf jf

lgs[i6 cj:yfdf k'u]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ Gofo lbnfpgsf nflu sfg'gL

k|s[ofdf ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

#==& hGdbtf{

hGdbtf{ ug]{ s'/f lgs[i6 3/]n' afn>d pGd"ngsf nflu dxTj /fVg] s'/f gb]lvg

;S5 t/ afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu o;n] cxd e"ldsf v]Ng;S5 . pbfx/0fsf

nflu afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] pgLx¿sf] pd]/ yfxf x'g] ePsf]n]

/f]huf/bftfn] sfd ug{sf nflu sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd pd]/eGbf sdsf afnaflnsfnfO{

sfddf nufPsf] /x]5 eg] cbfntdf d'2f rnfpg ;lsG5 . /f]huf/bftf :jo+n] klg ;f]

pd]/sf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>ddf gnufpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . jf:tjdf

hGdbtf{n] afnclwsf/sf] d"n 9f]sf vf]Ng] sfd ub{5

$= uxg cWoog cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t sfo{qmd

s'g} klg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{sf nflu ;+rfng ul/g] sfo{qmdsf] af/]df ulx/f]

hfgsf/L x'g' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 o;sf nflu lgDg sfo{x¿ ug'{ h?/L x'G5 M

$=! cWoog tyf tYof° ;+sng

3/]n' afn>dsf] lj?4df s'g} sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ ;a}eGbf klxn] 3/]n' afn>d

s]nfO{ eGg] < s;/L of] hf]lvdo'Qm afn>d xf] < s:tf] cj:yfsf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{

lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 < o;n] afnaflnsfdfly s:tf] c;/ kfb{5 <


o;df s;/L ;'wf/ ub}{ pGd"ng ug]{ af6f]df cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 < 3/]n' afn>d;Fu;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o Pj+ /fli6«o sfg'gx¿ s]–s] 5g\ < 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ slt5g\ < pgLx¿sf] jf:tljs cj:yf s:tf] 5 < cflb s'/fx¿sf] uxg cWoog Pj+cg';Gwfg ul/g'kb{5 . cflwsfl/s / e/kbf]{ / 7f]; cg';Gwfgaf6 lg:s]sf] tYo/ ts{x¿n] dfq ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ nufot gLlt lgdf{tfx¿sf nflu k|efjsf/Lhgjsfnt ug{ ;lsG5, cfd ;d'bfodf ;r]tgf Nofpg ;lsG5 .

o;}u/L o:tf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ cfkm";Fu ePsf] >f]t ;fwgsf] n]vfhf]vf tyfltgLx¿sf] plrt kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 . o;eGbf cufl8 l;lsPsf kf7x¿af6cg'ej lng], vf;–vf; ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;an kIf / b'j{n kIfsf] ljZn]if0f,ul/Psf sfdx¿sf] clen]vLs/0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ul//xg'kb{5 .;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr ;"rgfx¿sf] cfbfg k|bfg ul//xg'kb{5 .

3/]n' afn>dk|lt ;d'bfodf /x]sf] cgle1tfsf] lj?4 sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 .tL sfo{qmdx¿ ;d'bfosf] k|j[lQ / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg] s'/fdf s]lGb«t x'g'kb{5 .

%= 3/]n' afn>dsf] dfu kIfnfO{ s;/L ;+af]wg ug]{ <

3/]n' afn>dsf] dfu kIfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ rnfOg] sfo{qmd a9L r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 .w]/}h;f] 3/]n' afn>lds /fVg] /f]huf/bftfn] o; k|sf/sf] afn>ddf zf]if0f x'G5,of] hf]lvdo'Qm >d xf] / pgLx¿dfly ljleGg lsl;dsf] b'Jo{jxf/ x'G5 eGg] s'/fc:jLsf/ ug{ ;S5g\ . o:tf dflg;x¿ k9]n]v]sf, dWodjuL{o rl/qsf dlxnf /3/df /]vb]v ug{sf nflu Pshgf afnaflnsf /fvL cfkm} c?sf] 3/df sfd ug{hfg] ul/a kl/jf/sf dflg; klg x'g;S5g\ . ltgLx¿ dlxnf, k'?if, o'jf jf k|f}9,ljjflxt, cljjflxt / kl/jf/ a;f]af; u/]sf wgL jf ul/a x'g;Sb5g\ . cg';Gwfg/ tYofÍ ;+sng ubf{ 3/]n' afn>ldssf] dfu kIfdf ;+nUg x'g] o:tf JolQm tyf;d'bfosf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 . o;kl5 tof/ ul/Psf] ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df pgLx¿sf]k|j[lQ / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 . pgLx¿n] sfg'gpNn+3g u/]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ < kQf nufpg] / pNn+3g u/]sf] eP sfg'g kfngf ug{sfnflu cg'/f]w ug]{, ;r]t u/fpg] . olb s'g} 3/df afn>ldsx¿nfO{ o'lQm;+ut 9+uaf63/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg u/fOPsf] /x]5 eg] /f]huf/bftf afnclwsf/k|lt ;r]t / ;hu/x]5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ub}{ afn>ldsx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf clwsf/ pkef]u ug{sf nflucem cg's"n jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ /f]huf/bftfnfO{ ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfj lbg] /cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ . 6«]8 o'lgog, /f]huf/bftfx¿n] olb pgLx¿sf] If]qdf sfdvf]lh/x]sf jo:sx¿sf] ;+Vof 7"nf] 5 eg] afn>ldsx¿sf] ;f6f] jo:s>ldsx¿nfO{ 3/]n' >ddf nufpg ;S5g\ .

973/]n' afn>d kl/ro

^= Ifdtf clej[l4

3/]n' afn>dsf] lj?4df sfd ug]{ s'/f ;lhnf] sfd xf]Og . o;df w]/} r'gf}tLx¿

ePsf]n] of] cleofgdf nfUgsf nflu ;dk{0f, ;xgzLntf / Tofu dfq eP/

k'Ub}g, o;sf nflu ljlzi6 ;Lkx¿ h:t} tYofÍx¿ ;+sng ug]{, To;sf] cfwf/df

sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{ , cg'udg ug]{, laQLo Joj:yfkg ug]{, ;/sf/b]lv ljleGg ju{

/ txsf ;d'bfoaLr hgjsfnt ug]{ nufot w]/} ;Lkx¿sf] vfFrf] kb{5 . o;}n]

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] xslxtsf] nflu sfd ug]{ JolQm tyf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{x¿n]

Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{ sfo{qmdsf] dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] xf] . o;sf] ;fy} o; If]qdf

nfUg]x¿nfO{ a]nf—a]nfdf k'gtf{huL tflndx¿ lbO/xg' kb{5 . Ifdtf clej[l4

ug]{ sfddf afnaflnsf / o'jfx¿nfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg' kb{5 . o;af6

sfo{qmddf afnaflnsfx¿ tyf o'jf o'jtLx¿sf] of]ubfg x'g] dfq xf]Og pgLx¿sf]

;xeflutfn] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg tyf bL3{sfnLg 9+un] ;+rfng ug{

;lsG5 .

lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d eP s] ug]{ <

!= afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ ug]{ tyf /f]huf/bftfdfly sf/afxL rnfpg]

olb 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>ddf nufOPsf] kfOPdf pgLx¿nfO{

tTsfn} ToxfFaf6 p4f/ ug'{kb{5 . t/ olb afn>ldssf] tTsfn} hLjg vt/fdf

ePsf] gkfOPdf jf tTsfn s'g} j}slNks pkfo km]nf gk/]df pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u

/ ;+/If0f ub}{ ToxfFaf6 d'Qm ug{] /0fgLlt agfpg'kb{5 . olb sfg'gn] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{

u}/sfg'gL 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 eg] afnaflnsfnfO{ To:tf] cj:yfaf6 d'Qm ug{ t'/Gt

sf/afxL rnfpg'kb{5 . sfg'gL sf/afxL ;+rfng ug]{ sfd ;DalGwt ;/sf/L

clwsf/Lx¿n] ug'{kb{5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / cGo ;dfh;]jfdf nfu]sf ;+:yfx¿n]

tL afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ c:yfoL ufF;, af;, skf; / tTsfn cfjZos ePsf]

:jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;S5g\ . h:t} olb afnaflnsfx¿dfly uDeL/

lsl;dsf] rf]6k6s nfu]sf], s'6lk6, oftgf, hnfpg], 8fDg], of}g zf]if0f tyf

b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf] a]nf dflysf ;xof]usf] vfFrf] kb{5 .


@= ;'/lIft hLjgsf] :yfkgf

o;/L p4f/ ul/Psf sltko afnaflnsfnfO{ tTsfn} pgLx¿sf cfdfafa' tyfkl/jf/df k7fpg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g . lsgls kl/jf/n] km]l/ ltgLx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>dd}k7fpg;Sg] ;Defjgf x'g;S5 . To;}n] kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd;xof]u ul//xg'kg]{ l:ylt x'G5 . csf{lt/ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgfaf6kLl8t eP pgLx¿nfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd :jf:Yof]krf/ tyf dgf]j}1flgs pkrf/sf]vfFrf] x'G5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ :s'ndf egf{ ul/lbg], of];Dej geP cgf}krfl/s lzIff lbg], Joj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns tflndx¿ lbP/pgLx¿sf] eljiosf] hLjg ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . oL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x¿nfO{ ;du|dfeGg' kbf{ k'g:yf{kgf sfo{ elgG5 . o;/L lgs[i6 afn>ddf nufOPsf afnaflnsfsf]k'g:yf{kgf u/]/ pgLx¿sf] hLjg ;'/lIft ug{ ;lsG5 .

#= s]6Lx¿sf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo

3/]n' afn>ddf nfUg] qmddf of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf s]6Lx¿sf]k|hgg\ :jf:Yodf ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 . o:tf s]6Lx¿dWo] sltko ue{jtL klgx'g;S5g\ . o:tf] l:ylt ePdf pgLx¿nfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd ljz]if x]/rfxsf]vf‘rf] kb{5 . pgLx¿nfO{ P8\;nufotsf of}g/f]ux¿ klg nfu]sf] x'g;S5 . sltkolzz'x¿ klg P8\;sf] l;sf/ x'g;S5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] cfdf / lzz'b'j}nfO{ of]hgfj4 ¿kn] bL3{sfnLg ;]jfsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm o:tfcfdfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;fyL;+uL, cfdfafa' / kl/jf/n] klg c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg]x'‘bf pgLx¿nfO{ j}slNks k'g:yf{kgf u[xdf /fVg'kg]{ l:ylt x'G5 . o;sf] nfluP8\; kLl8tx¿sf] kIfdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, u}/;/sf/L;+:yfx¿af6 w]/} cg'ej lng ;lsG5 . pgLx¿sf] ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 . o;}n] tL;+:yfx¿;Fu klg ;Dks{, ;DaGw / ;dGjosf] ;+hfn lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 .

$= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf kl/jf/sf nflu cfo cfh{g sfo{qmd

3/]n' afn>ddf afnaflnsfnfO{ k|j]z ug{ /f]Sgsf nflu pgLx¿sf kl/jf/sf]cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg'kb{5 . pgLx¿n] w]/} hgfn] cfly{s cefjs} sf/0faf6cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ 3/]n' >ddf nufpF5g\ . To;}n] o:tf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsfnflu Psflt/ pgLx¿nfO{ afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnosf] k9fO k"/f gx'~h]n >d ug{lsg k7fpg' x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f k|i6 kfl/g'kb{5 eg] csf{lt/ pgLx¿dflysf] cfly{s

bjfanfO{ xNsf agfpg cfo cfh{g jf /f]huf/ l;h{gf ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng

993/]n' afn>d kl/ro

ug'{kb{5 . tL kl/jf/x¿df afnaflnsfx¿ k'gM 3/]n' afn>ddf hfg] ;Defjgf 5

5}g eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] cg'udg ul//xg' kb{5 . k|To]s

kl/jf/sf cfjZostfx¿ km/s x'g;Sb5g\ . of] s'/fdf Wofg lb+b} sfo{qmd ;+rfng

ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

%= dgf]ljdz{ tyf k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd

uDeL/ cj:yfdf /x]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ dgf]ljdz{ tyf k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd

;+rfng ul/g'kb{5 . uDeL/ cj:yfdf /x]sf] afn>ldsx¿nfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd

:jf:Yof]krf/ tyf dgf]ljdz{sf] vfFrf] kg{;S5 . o:tf afnaflnsfnfO{ k'g:yf{kgf

u[xx¿df /fv]/ lg/Gt/ ;xo f]u tyf cg'udg ul//xg'kb{5 . afnaflnsf

pgLx¿s} kl/jf/df a:g gyfn'~h]n of] sfd ul//xg'kb{5 . o:tf afnaflnsfsf]

eljio ;'lglZrt ug{ :s'ndf egf{ ul/lbg] jf Joj;flos tflnd lbg] ug'{kb{5 .

olb afnaflnsfsf] sfd ug{sf nflu Go"gtd pd]/ k'lu;s]sf] 5 eg] ;'/lIft

lsl;dsf sfdx¿ pknAw u/fOlbg'kb{5 .

v= Pl;of tyf k|zfGt If]qsf nflu 3/]n' afn>dlj?4 lrofËdfO{ sfo{9fFrf (Framework) -lrofË dfO{, yfONof08, $ cS6'a/ @))@_

@))@ sf] cS6'a/ $ df yfONof08sf] lrofË dfO{df Pl;of tyf k|zfGt If]qdf

/x]sf] 3/]n' afn>dlj?4 ;+3if{ ug{sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g, hfkfg /

sf]l/ofsf lqkIfLo k|ltlglwx¿sf] Ps a}7s a;]sf] lyof] . a}7sn] Pl;of tyf

k|zfGt If]qdf ljBdfg 3/]n' afn>dsf] af/]df uDeL/ rf;f] b]vfPsf] 5 . a}7sn]

o; If]qdf ePsf] 3/]n' afn>dlj?4 cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf]

;"rLdf /fv]sf] 5 . 5nkmnsf] qmddf cToflws ul/aLn] afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n'

afn>ddf nfUg k|>o lbG5 eGg] s'/fdf a}7ssf ;xefuLx¿ Psdt ePsf lyP .

3/]n' afn>d /ftf/ft xn ug{ ;lsg] ;d:of xf]Og, g t of] ;d:of;Fu ufFl;Psf cGo

;jfnx¿;Fu ;/f]sf/ g/fvL 5'§} 9+un] g} xn ug{ ;lsG5 . æljZj a+}ssf cg';f/

cToflws ul/aLn] afn>dsf] ;Gbe{df lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]N5 . afn>ldsx¿n] ug]{

sfd / To;sf] cfDbfgL] ;Dk"0f{ ul/a kl/jf/sf] afFRg] cfwf/ eO/x]sf] x'G5 .Æ To;}n]

3/]n' afn>dsf] ;jfn p7fpFbf o; ;jfn;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} s'/fx¿ h:t} sfg'gL,

gLltut tyf sfo{qmlds x:tIf]k, dfgj ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;+/If0fnufot

;Dk"0f{ s'/fnfO{ PsLs[t ¿kdf p7fpg'kb{5 . ;xefuLx¿n] ljleGg b]zx¿df ePsf


;f+:s[lts, cfly{s tyf sfg'gL ljljwtfn] ubf{ o; If]qdf 3/]n' afn>d / ;fdfGo

afn>dnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf km/s—km/s cg'ejx¿ ePsf] s'/f atfPsf lyP .

o;}n] o; If]qsf b]zx¿n] 3/]n' afn>dlj?4 ;+3if{ ug{ of] lqkIfLo a}7sn] cl3

;f/]sf cfwf/e"t sfo{9fFrfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cf–cfkm\gf] b]zsf] j:t'ut l:yltcg'¿k

nlrnf] b[li6sf]0f lnP/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf a}7ssf ;xefuLx¿ ;xdt

ePsf lyP . of] ;jfnnfO{ ljsf;zLn b]zx¿df p7fpFbf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g

/ ax'kIfLo bft[;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]u lng' cfjZos 5 .

lqkIfLo k/fdz{ a}7sn] kfl/t u/]sf ljz]if l;kmfl/;x¿ lgDgk|sf/

5g\ M

s= 3/]n' afn>dleq /x]sf] lgs[i6tf, hf]lvd / zf]if0fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy

;+af]wg ul/g'kb{5 . lsgeg] –

!= 3/]n' afn>d afnclwsf/sf] pNn+3g xf] .

@= afnaflnsfn] afNofj:yfsf] pkef]u ug{ kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ .

#= afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ pk]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

$= afnaflnsf e]befjsf] l;sf/ ePsf 5g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ 3/, kl/jf/, cfkmGt

/ ;fyLefOaf6 cnUofpg] sfd ePsf] 5 .

%= cleefjsx¿af6 afnaflnsfsf] s'/f a'em\g / pgLx¿sf ljrf/ cfbfg—k|bfg

ug{ c:jLsf/ ul/G5 .

^= afnaflnsfn] hf]lvdo''Qm cj:yfdf sfd ug]{ s'/f pgLx¿sf] ljsf; /

kl/kSjtfsf] tx;Fu d]n vfFb}g .

&= afnaflnsfnfO{ slxn]sfFxL zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s b'Jo{jxf/ tyf of}g zf]if0fsf]

l;sf/ agfOG5 .

*= s]6Lx¿sf] cj:yfk|lt ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

1013/]n' afn>d kl/ro

v= afnaflnsf / ltgLx¿sf cleefjs tyf 3/]n' afn>d;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg];fdflhs ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿ tyf cfd ;d'bfo k|foM h;f] 3/]n' afnsfdbf/sfclwsf/sf af/]df cgle1 5g, h;n] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfnfO{ cToGthf]lvdo'Qm agfOlbPsf] 5 . 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ zf]if0f / hf]lvdsf] ;Gbe{dfx]bf{ pd]/ / sfd ug]{ jftfj/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ x]g{ ;lsG5 M

!= pd]/

l;4fGttM afnaflnsfn] sfd ug{ ;Sg] Go"gtd pd]/ !% jif{ tf]lsg'kb{5 /!% jif{eGbf d'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' >ddf nufOg' x'Fb}g . o;f] ePtfklg sltko b]zx¿sf] /fli6«o sfg'gn] !@, !#, !$ jif{nfO{ afnaflnsfn]sfd ug{;Sg] Go"gtd pd]/ tf]s]sf 5g\ .

!% b]lv !& jif{sf] pd]/;Ddsf afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdo'Qm jftfj/0fdfsfd nufOG5 eg] To;nfO{ afn>dsf] ¿kdf lnOg'kb{5 .

!& jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfn] hf]lvdo'Qm cj:yfdf u/]sf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw g+= !*@ n] lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>dsf]¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .

@= sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f

nuftf/ sfd, nfdf] sfdsf] cjlw, Hofnf kfP/ jf gkfOsg ul/Psf] sfd,;fKtflxs ljbf jf cGo ljbf glbOsg nufOg] sfd, cToflws sfdsf]af]em, sfd ug]{ c;'/lIft jftfj/0f, clt hf8f] jf clt udL{df ug'{kg]{ sfd,ckof{Kt vfgf, kfl/jfl/s e]63f6 ug{ glbOsg nufOg] sfd

;Lldt dfqfdf k9\g kfpg] jf k9\g} gkfpg] cj:yf, cf}ifwf]krf/, dgf]/~hg/ kof{Kt cf/fd ug{ gkfpg'

/f]huf/bftfsf] 3/leq cdfgjLo jf c:j:ys/ jftfj/0f, -/f]huf/bftfsf]ljj]s gePsf] cj:yf_ aGb sf]7fleq a:g'kg]{ l:ylt

/f]huf/Lsf ;t{x¿ kl/eflift gePsf] cj:yf

C0f aGwg /

zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, efjgfTds b'Jo{jxf/ tyf of}g zf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/


u= k|:tfljt Jojxfl/s /0fgLlt / x:tIf]k

lgMz'Ns / clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff

afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdflysf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfd /f]huf/bftfsf]

;fdflhs bfloTj

cgf}krfl/s lzIff, Joj;flos tflnd, /fqL tyf ;Ktfxsf] cGTodf rnfOg]

lgMz'Ns sIff

cleefjssf] nflu /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/sf] l;h{gf

kl/jf/ lgof]hg / sNof0fsf/L sfdsf] k|j4{g

:yfgLo lgsfodf k|To]s 3/leq x'g] 36gfx¿sf] lagf;t{ btf{

3/]n' afn>d;Fu ;+nUg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 ;j]{If0f / cg';Gwfg

ul/g'kg]{

hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ p4f/ ug]{ tyf x]/rfx ug]{ s]Gb«sf]

:yfkgf

/f]huf/bftf, 3/]n' afn>ldssf cfdfafa' tyf cfd ;d'bfonfO{ 3/]n'

afn>daf/] ;+j]bgzLn agfpg]

3/]n' afnsfdbf/x¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ¿kdf :yfgLo ;fd'bflos

/]vb]v ;ldlt agfpg]

afnaflnsfn] sfd ug{ kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/sf] sfg'gL k|fjwfgnfO{ nfu"

ug{sf] nflu ;doj4 /0fgLltsf] tof/L

3/]n' afnsfdbf/x¿sf] /f]huf/Lsf] nflu lglZrt lgodx¿ agfpg'kg]{

3/]n' afn>ldssf] nflu plrt Hofnf lgwf{/0f u/L To;nfO{ dfGotf

lbOg'kg]{


3= /fHo, /f]huf/bftf / >ldsx¿sf] e"ldsf

/fhgLlts k|ltj4tfsf] ;'lglZrttf

clgjfo{ lzIff nfu" ug]{

3/]n' afn>dlj?4df sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ah]6 lgwf{/0f

3/]n' afn>dsf nflu Jojxfl/s sfg'g agfO{ nfu" ug]{

ljBdfg P]g sfg'gsf] k|rf/–k|;f/

:yfgLo clwsf/Låf/f afnclwsf/ pNn+3gsf] cg'udg

ª= /f]huf/bftf÷/f]huf/bftfx¿sf] ;+u7g

kf/:kl/s ;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/df 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ lgoldt ug{ cgf}krfl/s

lgod agfpg]

;Lk ljsf;sf nflu Joj;flos lzIff jf tflndsf] Joj:yf

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;|f]t ;fdu|LA handbook for research and action,

Anti Slavery International

Helping Hands or Shackled lives, ILO,

2004

Helping Hands or Shackled lives, ILO,2004

Helping Hands or Shackled lives, ILO,2004

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&= Situation of Child Domestic Labourers in Kathmandu, A RapidAssesment, 2001 ILO-IPEC/National Labour Academy

*= afnclwsf/ ;r]tgf k'l:tsf, l;ljg

(= Annual Status of Child Domestic Labourers in Kathmandu, 2003,CWISH

Child domestic labor hand book

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