Chih-Lin I –1 Wireless Internet Networking (Carriers’ Perspective) Chih-Lin I Wireless & Access Technologies AT&T IP Architecture IAB Wireless Workshop.

Chih-Lin I –1

Wireless Internet Networking(Carriers’ Perspective)

Chih-Lin I

Wireless & Access Technologies

AT&T IP Architecture

IAB Wireless Workshop

Feb. 29 - Mar. 2, 2000

Chih-Lin I –2

The Big Bad Wolf?or

The Dumb Dumb?

Drive down costs Increase revenue/profitMaintain reliability

Chih-Lin I –3

Key Take Aways

IP Mobility ArchitectureDecisions and statusOpen Issues

Chih-Lin I –4

Outline Introduction Mobility Management: PCS v.s. Internet Existing and Emerging Wide Area Wireless

Internet Technologies 1G: CDPD 2G: GPRS 3G.IP, etc

Future Direction Seamless Wireless and Wired Mobility ITU v.s. IETF Parlay, Jain, OMG

Chih-Lin I –5

Multi National Corp. (MNC) Needs Whenever, Wherever, However

Intranet access, private number dialing, web browsing, email, voice mail, caller id, call forwarding

Terminal Mobility

Number Convergence LNP, Tariffs v.s. Tech Service mobility

Terminal Convergence User mobility

Fixed & Mobile Convergence

Chih-Lin I –6

Future Mobility Services Wireless personal base station integrated

with HFC/DSL/FWS infrastructure

Virtual Home Environment

Advanced Addressing

Simultaneous or Sequential Alerting

Closed User Group

Location Based Services

Chih-Lin I –7

User View:

• Use of Mobile Telephone / Wireless Handset

• Ability to originate and receive calls from different locations

Network View:

• Mobility Management

• Ability to maintain location and status information for mobile subscribers

• Connection-oriented services

“Location

Register”

Mobile Telecommunications

Chih-Lin I –8

User View:

• Use of wireless laptop/handset

• Ability to originate and receive seamless IP services from different locations

Network View:

• Mobility Management

• Ability to maintain location information for mobile subscribers

• Connectionless services

Mobile Computing

Mobility Agent

Chih-Lin I –9

Outline Introduction Mobility Management: PCS v.s. Internet Existing and Emerging Wide Area Wireless

Internet Technologies 1G: CDPD 2G: GPRS 3G.IP, etc

Future Direction Seamless Wireless and Wired Mobility ITU v.s. IETF Parlay, Jain, OMG

Chih-Lin I –10

Mobility Definitions

Macro Mobility (i.e. Portability): Users have a home system but can register at visited system to make and receive calls and use their vertical features - Single Number Service

Micro Mobility (i.e. Handover/Handoff): Users can roam among systems during a call and the call is handed-off without being dropped

Chih-Lin I –11

Home System Visited System

Home Location Register- Maintains current customer

location and service profile Authentication

Center - Authenticates userVisitor Location Register-

Maintains temporary information on visiting

users.

HLR AC

VLR

PCS MobilityFunctional Elements

Chih-Lin I –12

IS-41 NRM(Network Reference Model)

ACBS EIRHLR ISDN MC

Authentication CenterBase StationEquipment Identity RegisterHome Location RegisterIntegrated Services Digital NetworkMessage Center

Legend

MSMSC PSTNSME VLR

Mobile StationMobile Switching CenterPublic Switched Telephone NetworkShort Message EntityVisitor Location Register

H

MSC

HLR

A

PSTN

D

EIR

AC

N

E

C

A i

D iUm

MS

VLRVLR G

B

SMEM MC

BS

F

MSC

SMEMC M M

Q

ISDN

Chih-Lin I –13

H

MSC

HLR

A

PSTN

D

EIR

AuC

E

C

A i

D i

VLRVLR G

B

F

MSC

ISDNUm

MS

BTS BSC

GSM 900/DCS 1800 NRM

Chih-Lin I –14

Visited System

1) Handset detects Visited System, handset transmits MIN (Mobile Identification Number, the terminal dialable number)

3) HLR records SS7 address of visited system associated with roaming end user

2) Visited system sends a registration message to the HLR

4) HLR cancels previous registration

IS-41 Registration

OldVLR

HLR/AC

VLR

Chih-Lin I –15

1) Visited system detects handset, handset transmits temporary ID, TMSI, assigned by previous system

3) The VLR sends a registration message to the HLR, the IMSI is used for routing the TCAP message.

2 ) VLR queries previous VLR for user’s (actually the user’s smart card) permanent ID

GSM Registration

Visited System

OldVLR

HLR/AC

VLR

TMSI

IMSIAuth. set

IMSI

Chih-Lin I –16

VLR

Home System Visited System

1) Call placed to wireless user

2) Home switch queries (SS7 TCAP) HLR for routing number

3) HLR queries VLR for routing number and VLR returns temporary routing number

4) HLR returns number to home switch

5) Home switch routes call

HLR: Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location RegisterAC: Authentication Center

2)

3)

5)calling called

HLR/AC

IS-41 & GSM Call Delivery

Chih-Lin I –17

Mobile IPMIP allows users of portable computers to move from one place to another and yet maintain transparent network access through the wireless link.

Existing set of network protocols do not meet these requirements. Designed for a stationary network topology.

( 24, 16 or 8 bits )hostidnetworkid

32 bitsInternet address

Chih-Lin I –18

R3Home

Foreign Foreign

CH

MH

R1

R2

Net 1

Net 2

Net 3

Mobile IP: overview

Mobile - IP addresses the problem of providing mobility support to IP hosts Mobile Host, MH Correspondent Host, CH Home network Home Agent, HA Home address Foreign network Foreign Agent, FA Foreign address

MH

Chih-Lin I –19

Basic Mobile IP Agent discovery: advertisement/solicitation MH registration Use of Care-Of-Address (COA) Proxy ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Packet tunneling Triangle routing

Chih-Lin I –20

MN FA HA CN

<MN.IP, HA.IP>

<FA.IP, HA.IP, COA>

<HA.IP, FA.IP, COA>

<FA.IP, MN.IP>

** <

Agent Advertisement

Registration Request

Registration Request

Registration Reply

Registration Reply

MH_IP---> COAReg. lifetime

Mobility binding

Source IP, destination IP>

Mobile IP - Registration

Chih-Lin I –21

Mobile IP - Datagram Delivery

HA CN FA MN

<CN_IP, MN_IP>

Packet to MN_IP

If HA has an entry, itdoes proxy ARP and intercepts the datagrm

HA encapsulate the packet

FA decapsulate the packet

Chih-Lin I –22

PCS Mobility Management

Connection oriented HLR, VLR are not involved in datagram

delivery Authentication is based on the Network

Access Identifier such as IMSI Handoff is at the radio system level Does not provide session connectivity above

radio system level Not efficient for packet data transmission

Chih-Lin I –23

Internet Mobility Management Connectionless HA, FA are involved in datagram deliver

bottleneck at HA and FA

Authentication is based on the static IP address Mobile node’s IP address needs to have the same

subnet prefix as HA Handoff at IP layer The amount of Mobile IP signaling traffics over the

radio link is excessive Delay due to mobile IP signaling may not be

appropriate for real-time applications

Chih-Lin I –24

Outline Introduction Mobility Management: PCS v.s. Internet Existing and Emerging Wide Area Wireless

Internet Technologies 1G: CDPD 2G: GPRS 3G.IP, etc

Future Direction Seamless Wireless and Wired Mobility ITU v.s. IETF Parlay, Jain, OMG

Chih-Lin I –25

Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)

Goals Use available cellular capacity

Sniffing to find idle channels Hops among available channels Voice always higher priority

Share cellular infrastructure Frequencies Towers and antennas

Chih-Lin I –26

CDPD (con’t)

Different radio technologies and protocolsDifferent network switching equipment

Raw bit rates - 19.2 kb/s (GMSK)Forward error correctionEncryption over radio link

Chih-Lin I –27

CDPD Network Architecture

Service providernetwork A

Service providernetwork B

External network(e.g. Internet)

ES End SystemMES Mobile End SystemIS Intermediate System

R Router MDIS Mobile Data Intermediate SystemMDBS Mobile Data Base Station

MDIS

MDBS

MES

MDBS ISIS

IS

IS

ISIS

MDISMDBSES

R

R

R

Chih-Lin I –28

CDPD

Pros Potential widespread coverage Suitable for bursty data Broad industry support - standard May be able to use same handset Support of Internet and OSI protocols

Cons Delay-not suitable for interactive applications Effective throughput is lower Slower than expected growth

Chih-Lin I –29

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

New packet data service in GSM Packet wireless access network and IP-

based backbone Access to packet data networks (PDN)

Internet X.25 (NO MORE!)

Chih-Lin I –30

GPRS Key Features

Packet-mode Flexible time slot allocation (1-8) Radio resources shared dynamically

between speech and data services Independent uplink and downlink resource

allocation Interworking with IP and X.25 networks

Chih-Lin I –31

GPRS High-Level Functions Network access control

registration, admission control, authentication, etc.

Packet routing and transfer address translation, encapsulation, tunneling, etc.

Mobility management Logical link management

establishment, maintenance and release

Radio resource management Network management: OA&M

Chih-Lin I –32

GPRS Logical Architecture

Gf

D

Gi

Gn

Gb

Gc

CE

Gp

Gs

Signaling and Data Transfer Interface

Signaling Interface

MSC/VLR

TE MT BSS TEPDN

R Um

GrA

HLR

Other PLMN

SGSN

GGSN

Gd

SM-SCSMS-GMSC

SMS-IWMSC

GGSN

EIR

SGSN

Gn

Chih-Lin I –33

Key Processes Dynamic radio resource management

capacity on demand (PS vs. CS) flexible time slot assignment for both up-link and

down-link

GPRS attachment/detachment: MS & SGSN GPRS mobility management

MM Context: ID, state, RA, AAA, etc Location Update: Cell, RA, LA

PDP activation/de-activation: MS & GGSN PDP Context: QoS, Compression, Address, type,

etc

Chih-Lin I –34

GPRS Tunneling Protocol(GTP)

Forward packets between an external PDN and MU

Carry GPRS signaling messages between GSNs

Allows multi-protocol packets to be tunneled through the GPRS backbone

Chih-Lin I –35

GTP

Path Protocol

GTP

Path Protocol

GSN GSN

Signaling Plane

GTP

Path Protocol

GTP

Path Protocol

GSN GSN

Transmission Plane

IP/X.25 PDUIP/X.25 PDU

Path Protocol- UDP/IP

Path Protocol- TCP, UDP/IP

GTP Protocol Stack

Chih-Lin I –36

Outline Introduction Mobility Management: PCS v.s. Internet Existing and Emerging Wide Area Wireless

Internet Technologies 1G: CDPD 2G: GPRS

Future Direction 3G.IP, etc Seamless Wireless and Wired Mobility ITU v.s. IETF Parlay, Jain, OMG

Chih-Lin I –37

Wireless Internet Services

High bit rate transmission over wireless channel IMT-2000 related air interfaces

Maximum spectrum utilization efficiency Packet transmission control protocol

MAC, admission control

Voice and data integration Wireless VoIP

Wireless QoS for IP services

Chih-Lin I –38

Seamless Mobility World Wireless and Wired/Fixed Fixed BB access

Cable DSL FWS etc

A/B/C Internet, Intranet, HomeLAN, PersonalNet

Core Capability, not “product”!

Chih-Lin I –39

3G.IP Supporter of IP centric networking

Reference Network Architecture Evolved from GPRS

Formed May 99 10 Operators

AT&T Wireless, BT, TIM/CSELT, Rogers Cantel, Telnor, T-Mobil, Telia, SBC, Bell South, Japan Telecom

7 Suppliers Ericsson, Nokia, Lucent, Nortel, Motorola,

Siemens, Alcatel

Pre-standards work to drive next round of standardization

Chih-Lin I –40

Gf

Gn

Gc

Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

Signalling Interface

MultimediaIP Network

PSTN/Legacy/External

Mm

MgMc

Cx

Mw

MGW

MGCF

MRF

CSCF

CSCF

R

E-HLR

3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN

EIR

Terminal

D-QoS

Terminal

eg H.323 GK

eg H.323 GK

MSC/VLR

PCUR Um

MTTE BTS

MT

Gb

Gs

R UmMTTE

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

RNC

RNC

RNC

GSM/EDGE RAN

UuRUTRANTE MT

Iu-ps’

Gr

3GPP Release 2000

Gi

Mr

HLR

136 BS

Multimedia call/session control over IP

Enhancement to radio network

Iu-ps

Chih-Lin I –41

Edge Router

MGW

Applications& Services

SCE/SEE

Directory/TSM

MS

SGWCCCC

SGW

MultimediaIP Network

SGSN GGSN

EIR

BCSBTS

BSS

IP Backbone

Other PLMN

PSTN/Legacy/External

Legacy MobilSignlaing Network

GGSN

HSS

R-SGW

CSCF

MRFMGW

MGCF T-SGW

SCP

CM MTA

CMTSER

CableNetwork

3G.IP Instantiation

IP Arch Components

3G.IP Components

Chih-Lin I –42

MTA Cable CMTS

SG

SCP

DPG/W

PBX

DirectoryServer

TSM

ASB

UsageLogger GK

Other IP Domain

PSTN

MGCMG

AT&T IP Backbone

PSTN

Other IP Domain

SGSN

BCS BTS

GGSN

HSS

CSCFCSCF

T-SGW

MGCF

MGW

EIR

Cable Access Instantiation

3G.IP Components

Chih-Lin I –43

Virtual Home Environment (VHS)

EG

EG GGSN

RNC

SGSN/VLR

Dir/MW

TE

EG

HLR

GPRSIP

BB Access

Chih-Lin I –44

VHE Issues Product/Service/Operation/Technology Arch

3G.IP & Integrated BB Access (Cable, DSL, FWS) Single look ‘n feel multimedia session

Call Control Protocol selection: SIP v.s. H.323 C.C. location: Home v.s. Foreign Service logic, Feature trigger location: Basic,

Supplementary (Inter-carrier) Home Control of Roamer: Adaptation

Connectivity Management QoS: Diffserv, RSVP, MPLS Routing: Tunnel concatnation; GTP, MIPv4, MIPv6

Chih-Lin I –45

VHE Issues (Conti.) Directory (HSS/HLR, HA/LD)

User profile (location, service, AAA parameters) Dispatcher v.s. Meta directory

Trust in foreign network (Proxy?) Common Security Infrastructure Single sign-on for access, Layered security

measure for applications User experience, Inter-access coherence? Firewall, VPN, VNC?

Local Resources Discovery, Assignment SLP?

Chih-Lin I –46

One Network

EG

RNC

EG

TE

EG

Applications/Dir/MW

IP with Mobility

BB Access

Chih-Lin I –47

One Network Issues Micro and Macro Mobility

Mobile IP has no “fast” handoff

Network topology without GGSN and SGSN IP straight to RNC

IETF mobility proposals Hierarchical Mobile IP, Cellular IP, Hawaii, Taro,

HMMP Interactions of “mobility tunnel” and “security

tunnel”, etc

Chih-Lin I –48

IP Mobility Architecture !

End-to-end IP-based architecture? Every nodes in the network is IP capable

Evolving from GPRS?

Mobile IP++ for seamless wireless and wireline mobility management?