Chief Information Officer Attn: Mr. Timothy Wheeler New ...

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Mystic Air Qality Conu1tanL, Inc.1204 North Road (Rt. 117) Groton, Connecticut 063401..

August22,2014New London Public Schools134 Williams StreetNew London, Connecticut 06320Attn: Mr. Timothy Wheeler

Chief Information Officer

Re: Limited and Directed Indoor Air Quality Results, New London, Connecticut.

Location: Harbor School432 Montauk AvenueNew London, Connecticut 06320

End: (1) Recommendations (3) Airborne Fungi Screening Results(2) Ambient Air Results (4) Limitations

Dear Mr. Wheeler:

As requested, on August 21,2014 Mystic Air Quality Consultants, Inc. conducted alimited and directed indoor air quality investigation at the site referenced above. Thesampling was conducted in six random classrooms and common areas throughout therenovated areas of the building. Sampling was conducted in reference to the nearcompletion of the renovation project and the establishment of current conditions.

Enclosure (2) contains the ambient gas, and vapor air sample results. Samplingwas conducted using direct reading instruments for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,temperature, relative humidity, total hydrocarbons, combustible gases, hydrogen sulfide,respirable particulates, and percent oxygen. At the time of the survey all levels were allwithin applicable standards and comfort based recommendations.

Enclosure (3) contains the total fungal spore count results. Results reflectconditions only at the time the samples were taken. Sampling was conducted utilizing anAir-O-Cell cassette and analyzed microscopically by a laboratory that is accredited by theAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association (ANA). The interior sample resuLts depictedboth lower and higher total spore counts in comparison to the exterior referencesample.

If you have any questions or concerns please do not hesitate to contact me directly.

Sincerely, —

Christopher J. Eident, CIH, CSP, RS, CEOCommunications (24 hours):

Office: (860) 449-8903 FAX: (860) 449-8860 Toll Free: 1 (800) 247-7746website: www.mysticair.com e-mail: maqc2 @ aol. corn

AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING

Enclosure (2) contains the ambient gas, and vapor air sample results. Samplingwas conducted using direct reading instruments for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,temperature, relative humidity, total hydrocarbons, combustible gases, hydrogen suffide,respirable particulates, and percent oxygen. At the time of the survey all levels were allwithin applicable standards and comfort based recommendations. No objectionableodors were noted during the time of the survey

FUNGAL SPORE COUNT & IDENTIFICATION

Sampling was conducted utilizing Air-O-Cell cassettes, a device designed for therapid collection and analysis of a wide range of airborne particles, including fungal spores.The cassette is attached to a high flow calibrated pump that operates at fifteen (15) litersper minute for five minutes. Three samples were collected from six classroom and hallwaylocations throughout the renovated areas of the school. Additionally, an exterior samplewas taken for reference purposes. Results reflect conditions only at the time samples weretaken. AirO-Cell samples are analyzed via light microscopy at 600X magnification, withthe entire slide (100% of the sample) being analyzed. The results are reported as total,meaning they include both viable and non-viable spores. SanAir Laboratories, Inc analyzedthe samples. SanAir is staffed by certified microbiologists and is accredited by theAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association’s Environmental Microbiology LaboratoryAccreditation Program (EMLAP).

Enclosure (3) contains the total fungal spore count results. Results reflectconditions only at the time the samples were taken. Sampling was conducted utilizing anAir-O-Cell cassette and analyzed microscopically by a laboratory that is accredited by theAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). The interior sample results depictedboth lower and higher total spore counts in comparison to the exterior referencesample. Based on the limited qualification of the genus identification, the interior samplesexhibited similar biodiversity in relation to the exterior reference sample.

The samples collected in classroom 3, the gymnasium, classroom A-2, and thehallway adjacent to classroom A-3 exhibit counts of Cladosporium that were not replicatedin first two samples or the exterior reference sample. Please note, Cladosporium is notconsidered a marker for damaged building materials and is the most commonly identifiedexterior fungi in temperate climates.

During the time of the survey, none of the sample locations depicted signs ofvisible microbial growth in accessible areas. All of the sampled locations were either in thefinal stages of renovation or awaiting new furniture and materials to enter the space.During the time of the survey, the building had multiple exterior doors and windows opento provide access for contractors and ventilation. Shortly after the start of sampling, alandscaping crew began mowing, trimming, and blowing the large front lawn of theschool. I believe that these activities along with multiple exterior doors and windows beingopen, generated the Cladosporium levels depicted in the results. The outside sample was

Enclosure (1) Page 1 of 2

collected at the end of the survey, after the mowing activities had been completed. Thetiming of the exterior sampling in relation to the mowing activities, along with winddirection would all have a direct impact on the exterior sample counts. Based upon thesample results and the unfinished state of the school, retesting is recommended oncethe contractor activities have been completed and the classrooms are closer to theirintended state.

Building personnel should periodically conduct building walkthroughs to helpidentify sources of poor indoor air quality. It is recommended that any future identifiedwater damaged porous building materials (sheetrock, plaster, ceiling tiles, carpeting) beremoved and disposed of. All semi-porous materials (wood, concrete) can be cleanedthrough sanding, wet wiping, andJor FIEPA vacuuming. All non-porous materials (steel,glass, plastics) can be effectively cleaned utilizing wet wiping techniques. All damagedmaterials should be removed and replaced only after all condensation! moisture intrusionissues have been addressed. This removal should be conducted by competent individuals ina manner which best isolates the work area from the remaining sections of the building.All remediation of visible microbial growth if found should be conducted using therecommendations of the guidelines issued by the American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienist’s (ACGIH), “Bioaerosols, Assessment and Control”.

Enclosure (1) Page 2 of2

Mystic Air Quality Consultants, Inc.1204 North Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340 (860) 449-8903

AMBIENT AIR SAMPLE RESULTS

LOCATION: Harbor School432 Montauk AvenueNew London, Connecticut 06320

DATE: August 21, 2014

SAMPLE Win- Hydrogen CO C02 02 Total Temp- Relative Comb- RespirableLOCATION dows/ Sulfide Carbon Carbon Oxygen Hydro- erature Humidity ustible Particulate

Doors Monoxide Dioxide carbons GasesOpen ppm ppm ppm % ppm F % % mg/rn3Yes/No

Classroom 8 No <1 <1 571 20.9 <1 72.0 49.0 <1 0.029

Hallway(Adjacent to No <1 <1 600 20.9 <1 72.0 49.0 <1 0.028Classroom 7)

Classroom 3 No <1 <1 594 20.9 <1 71.0 50.0 <1 0.031

Gymnasium No <1 <1 602 20.9 <1 72.0 51.0 <1 0.029

Hallway(Adjacent to Yes <1 <1 588 20.9 <1 71.0 51.0 <1 0.030Classroom A-3)

Classroom A-2 No <1 <1 599 20.9 <1 72.0 50.0 <1 0.028

Outside ---- <1 <1 324 20.9 <1 73.0 55.0 <1 0.030

Standards 10 ppm 50 ppm 700 ppm 19.5- Various 72.5- 30-60% 10% 5.0OSHA OSHA Above 23.5% 80.0 ASHRAE OSHA mg/rn3

Outside OSHA ASHR OSHAASHRAE AE5000 ppmOSHA

Sampling instrumentation: CO, C02, Temperature, Humidity- TSI, Q-Trak, HydrogenSulfide, Oxygen, Combustible Gases- MicroMax, Total Hydrocarbons- ppb Rae.Respirable Particulates- TSI, Dust Trak.

Key: OSHA — Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationASIIRAE — American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

EngineersEnclosure (1) Page 1 of1

SanAir Technologies Laboratory

Analysis Report

prepared for

Mystic Air Quality Consultants

Report Date: 812212014Project Name: Harbor School NLSanMr ID#: 14022915

J[J 4•••’ nI ci SanAirNVLAPLAB CODE2OD87OO Ce.lification 6593I License LA30166 koije LI:’ E::

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sair SanAir TechnoI:iies Laboratory, Inc.1551 Oakbñdge Dñve, Suite B, Powhatan, VA 23139804.8971177 Toll Free: 888.895.1177 Fax: 804.897.0070Web: http:Hwww.sanair.com E-mail: iaqsanair.com

Mystic Air Quality Consultants

Linda Lastella

1204 North Road

Groton, CT 06340

August 22, 2014

SanAir ID # 14022915Project Name: Harbor School NLProject Number:

Dear Scott Adams,

We at SanAir would like to thank you for the work you recently submitted. The 7 sample(s) werereceived on Friday, August 22, 2014 via FedEx. The final report(s) is enclosed for the followingsample(s): 1,2, 3,4,5,6,7.

These results only pertain to this job and should not be used in the interpretation of any other job.This report is only complete in its entirety. Refer to the listing below of the pages included in acomplete final report.

Sincerely,

L. Claire MacdonaldMicrobiology Laboratory ManagerSanAir Technologies Laboratory

Final Report Includes:- Cover Letter

- Analysis Pages- Disclaimers and Additional Information

sample conditions:7 sample(s) in Good condition

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saAr SanAir Technologies Laboratory, Inc. 8aEAir ID Number

1551 Oakbndge Drive, Suite B, Powhatan, VA 23139 14 0 2 2 9 15804897.1177 Toll Free: 888.895.1177 Fax: 804.897.0070Web: http://www.sanair.com E-mail: [email protected] FINAL RNPORT

Name: Mystic Air Quality Consultants Project Number:Address: Linda Lastella P.O. Number: 08202014

1204 North Road Project Name: Harbor School NLGroton, CT 06340

Collected Date: 812012014Received Date: 8/2212014 11:00:00 AM

Report Date: 8/22/2014 1:10:00 PM

ORGANISM DESCRIPTIONS

The descriptions of the organisms presented are derived from various reference materials. The laboratoiy report is based on the data derived from thesamples submitted and no interpretation of the data, as to potential. or actual, health effects resulting from exposure to the numbers of organisms found.can be made by laboratory personnel. Any interpretation of the potential health effects of the presence of this organism must be made by qualifiedprofessional personnel with first hand knowledge of the sample site, and the problems associated with that site.

MYCELIAL FRAGMENTS - A mycelium (plural = mycelia) is the “body” of a fungus. It is a collective term for hyphae (singular = hypha), which are the tubular units of the mycelium usually composed of chitin. The terms hyphae and mycelialfragments are used interchangeably. [This information was referenced from the mycology text “The Fifth Kingdom”] In somecases a fungal identification cannot be obtained due to lack of sporulation. Only the mycelial fragments are present, andcannot be identified without the distinguishing characteristics of the spores or the structures they grow from.ALTERNARIA SPECIES - This genus compromises a large number of saprobes and plant pathogens. It is one of thepredominate airborne fungal spores indoor and outdoor. Outdoors it may be isolated from samples of soil, seeds, and plants.It is one of the more common fungi found in nature, extremely widespread and ubiquitous. Conidia are easily carried by thewind, with peak concentrations in the summer and early fall. It is commonly found in outdoor samples. It is often found inindoor environments, on drywall, ceiling tiles, in house dust, carpets, textiles, and on horizontal surfaces in building interiors.Often found on window frames. Health Effects: In humans, it is recognized to cause type I and Ill allergic responses.Because of the large size of the spores, it can be deposited in the nose, mouth and upper respiratory tract, causing nasalseptum infections. It has been known to cause Bakers asthma, farmer’s lung, and hay fever. It has been associated withhypersensitivity pneumoniti, sinusitis, deratomycosis, onychomycosis, subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, and invasiveinfection. Common cause of extrinsic asthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity: type I). Acute symptoms include edema andbronchiospasms, chronic cases may develop pulmonary emphysema.References: Flannigan, Brian, Robert A. Samson, and J. David Miller, eds. Microorganisms in Home and Indoor WorkEnvironments: Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation, and Control. London and New York: Taylor & Francis, 2001.ASCOSPORES - From the fungal Subphylum Ascomycotina. Ascospores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly foundin the outdoor environment. This class contains the “sac fungi” and yeasts. Some ascospores can be identified by sporemorphology, however; some care should be excercised with regard to specific identification. They are identified on tape liftsand non-viable analysis by the fact that they have no attachment scars and are sometimes enclosed in sheaths with orwithout sacs. Ascomycetes may develop both sexual and asexual stages. Rain and high humidity may help asci to release,and dispurse ascospores, which is why during these weather conditions there is a great increase in counts. Health Effects:This group contains possible allergens.

ASPERGILLUSIPENICILLIUM - These spores are easily aerosolized. Only through the visualization of reproductivestructures can the genera be distinguished. Also included in this group are the spores of the genera Acremonium,Phialophora, Verticillium, Paecilomyces, etc. Small, round spores of this group lack the necessary distinguishingcharacteristics when seen on non-viable examination. Health Effects: Can cause a variety of symptoms including allergicreactions. Most symptoms occur if the individual is immunocompromised in some way (HIV, cancer, etc). Both Penicilliumand Aspergillus spores share similar morphology on non-viable analysis and therefore are lumped together into the samegroup.

BASIDIOSPORES - From the Subphylum Basidiomycotina which contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and a variety of othermacrofungi. They are saprophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi or agents of wood rot, which may destroy the structure wood ofbuildings. It is extremely difficult to identify a specific genera of mushrooms by using standard culture plate techniques.Some basidiomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology; however, some care should be exercised with regard tospecific identification. The release of basidlospores is dependant upon moisture, and they are dispersed by wind. HealthEffects: Many have the potential to produce a variety of toxins. Members of this group may trigger Type I and Ill fungalhypersensitivity reactions. Rarely reported as opportunistic pathogens.

BISPORA SPECIES - Bispora is a ubiquitous anamorphic fungus and may be isolated from decaying wood. Health Effects:There has been no known research on the health effects, toxicity, or allergens to this fungi.References: C.J. K. Wang, R.A. Zabel, Identification Manual for Fungi from Utility Poles in the Eastern United States,American Type Culture Collection 1990

BOTRYTIS SPECIES - Very common. It is parasitic on over 200 plants, vegetables, and soft fruits causing gray mold, but

rr Pagelof3t.NCLDS’JRE(J PAGE .s ur c

sAir SanAir Technologies Laboratory, Inc. SanAir II) Number

1551 Oakbiidge Drive, Suite B, Powtiatan, VA 23139 14 0 2 2 9 1 5804.897.1177 Toll Free: 888.895.1177 Fax: 804.897.0070Web: http:llwww.sanair.com E-mail: [email protected] ?5NL REPORT



Collected Date: 8/20/2014Received Date: 8/22/2014 11:00:00 AM

Report Date: 8/22/2014 1:10:00 PM


The descriptions of the organisms presented are derived from various reference materials. The laboratory report is based on the data derived from thesamples submitted and no interpretation of the data, as to potential, or actual, health effects resulting from exposure to the numbers of organisms found,can be made by laboratory personnel. Any interpretation of the potential health effects of the presence of this organism must be made by qualifiedprofessional personnel with first hand knowledge of the sample site, and the problems associated with that site.

may also be found in soiL Is commonly found in tropical and temperate climates growing on vegetative matter or as a plantparasite. Health Effects: Reported to be allergenic, and can induce asthma attacks. Botrytis does have the potential toproduce type I and Ill fungal hypersensitivity reactions.

CHAETOMIUM SPECIES - It is an ascomycete. It is found on a variety of substrates containing cellulose including paperand plant compost. It can be found on the damp or water damaged paper in sheetrock after a long term water damage.Several species have been reported to play a major role in decomposition of cellulose made materials. These fungi are ableto dissolve the cellulose fibers in cotton and paper, and thus cause these materials to disintegrate. The process is especiallyrapid under moist conditions. Health Effects: Chaetomium can produce type I fungal hypersensitivity and has causedonychomycosis (nail infections).References: Flannigan, Brian, Robert A. Samson, and J. David Miller, eds. Microorganisms in Home and Indoor WorkEnvironments: Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation, and Control. London and New York: Taylor & Francis, 2001.CLADOSPORIUM SPECIES - The most commonly identified outdoor fungus. The outdoor numbers are reduced in thewinter and are often high in the summer. Often found Indoors in numbers less than outdoor numbers. It is commonly foundon the surface of fiberglass duct liner in the interior of supply ducts. A wide variety of plants are food sources for this fungus.It is found on dead plants, woody plants, food, straw, soil, paint and textiles. Often found in dirty refrigerators and especiallyin reservoirs where condensation is collected, on moist window frames it can easily be seen covering the whole painted areawith a velvety olive green layer. Health Effects: It is a common allergen. It can cause mycosis. Common cause of extrinsicasthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity: type I). Acute symptoms include edema and bronchiospasms, chronic cases maydevelop pulmonary emphysema. Illnesses caused by this genus can include phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis,hay fever and common allergies.References: Flannigan, Brian, Robert A. Samson, and J. David Miller, eds. Microorganisms in Home and Indoor WorkEnvironments: Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation, and Control. London and New York: Taylor & Francis, 2001.

CURVULARIA SPECIES - Curvularia is found on plant material and is considered a saprobe. It has also been isolated fromdust samples and from wallpaper. Health Effects: It has been reported to cause type I hypersensitivity and to be a cause ofallergic fungal sinusitis. It may cause corneal infections, mycetoma and infections in immune compromised hosts.References: De Hoog, G.S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M.J. Figueras. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd Edition. The Netherlands:CBS, 2000.

EPICOCCUM SPECIES - It is found in plants, soil, grains, textiles, and paper products. Frequently isolated from air andoccasionally occurs in house dust. Is a saprophyte and considered a weakly parasitic secondary invader of plants, moldypaper and textiles. Epicoccum is usually isolated with either Cladosporium species or Aureobasidium species. HealthEffects: A common allergen. It also has the potential to produce type I fungal hypersensitivity reactions.References: Flannigan, Brian, Robert A. Samson, and J. David Miller, eds. Microorganisms in Home and Indoor WorkEnvironments: Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation, and Control. London and New York: Taylor & Francis, 2001.FUSARIUM SPECIES - A common soil fungus and plant pathogen. Fusarium is frequently isolated from plants and grains. Itis often found in humidifiers and requires wet conditions to grow. Health Effects: A type I allergen. Frequently involved in eye,skin and nail infections. Fusarium is the most common cause of mycotic keratitis and has been isolated from patients with avariety of infections. Some species produce mycotoxin. Food safety issues are related to some species of this genus.References: Flannigan, Brian, Robert A. Samson, and J. David Miller, eds. Microorganisms in Home and Indoor WorkEnvironments: Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation, and Control. London and New York: Taylor & Francis, 2001,PESTALOTIA- I PESTALOTIOPSIS-LIKE - This group consists of several genera. Mostly plant pathogens.PITHOMYCES SPECIES - Grows on dead grass in pastures and decaying plant material. Health Effects: Causes facialeczema in ruminants.References: St-Germain, Guy, and Richard Summerbell. Identifying Filamentous Fungi: A Clinical Laboratory Handbook.

CLOSURE PAGE OF Page2of3

sAir SanAir TechnoIoo:es Laboratory, Inc. SanAir ID

1551 Oakbridge Drive, Suite B, Powhatan,VA 23139 14 02 2 9 15804.897.1177 ToIl Free: 888.895.1177 Fax: 804.897.0070Web: http:llwww.sanair.com E-mail: [email protected] FINAL R.5POT



Collected Date: 8/20/2014Received Date: 8/2212014 11:00:00 AM

Report Date: 8/2212014 1:10:00 PM


The descriptions of the organisms presented are derived from various reference materials. The laboratory report is based on the data derived from thesamples submitted and no interpretation of the data, as to potential, or actual. health effects resulting from exposure to the numbers of organisms found.can be made by laboratory personnel. Any interpretation of the potential health effects of the presence of this organism must be made by qualifiedprofessional personnel with first hand knowledge of the sample site, and the problems associated with that site.

California: Star Publishing Co., 1996.

RUSTS - From the group Uredinales, called Rusts due to the color of the spores, which are known for causing disease inplants.

SIWIUTSIMYXOMYCETES - Smuts and Myxomycetes are parasitic plant pathogens. They are typically grouped together dueto their association with plants, the outdoors and because they share similar microscopic morphology. Health Effects: Canproduce type I fungal hypersensitivity reactions.References: Martin, G.W., C.J. Alexopoulos, and M.L, Farr. The Genera of Myxomycetes. Iowa City, Iowa: University of IowaPress, 1983.

ZYGOPHIALA SPECIES - This fungi is known as a plant pathogen.References: Ellis, Martin B., Ellis, Pamela, Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook. England, The RichmondPublishing Co. Ltd., 1997.

OLDSURE PAGE 7 OF ‘c Page3of3

SanAk ID Numb.,Sanhir Technologies IaIioraiofl Inc.1551 Oakbrldge Drive, Suite B - Powhatan, VA 23139

804-897-11771888-895-1177! Fax 804-897-0070ww.sanair.com

Unless scheduled, the him around time for all samples received after 3pm Friday will begin at Sam Monday mcrnlngWeekend or Holiday work must be scheduled ahead of time and Is charged 150% of analytical rate.*JthtJgh we allow Dired Identification from a swab sample, best results are received from tape samples.

Page.otL

ENCLOSU RE(i

MicrobiologyChain of Custody

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Sample Types Analysis Types Turn Around ThatAC 4

Al - Identification and Enimieratlon of Fungal spores, plus hital dander, fiber, and pclen count Hours 318124148-SWrA2 - Identification and Enumeration of Fungal spores only Hour(6I24S48-Std7 Tape Dl - Dlred Identification of Fim Hews 3I8124148-SWB Bulk

5B Swabs 02 - Direct Identification of Mites, lnsec* Pollen. etc. Hours 316124148-StdAp Air Cl - Culture Identification and Enumeration of Fungi only 5-10 Days

Bulk C2-Culture Identification and Enumeration of Badetia only 24 DaysC3 - Culture Identification and Enumeration of Fungi and Badeda 5-10 Days8 SWab C4 - Culture Identification and Enumeration of Therniophilic Bacteria with C2 or C3 analysis 2-4 or 5-10 DaysW Water LI - Culture Identification and Enumeration of Leqionella ap.- 7-10 DaysD Dust Ml - Oust Mite Ailergen Test Hours 318124148-SWSanAIr Technologies Labomtoiy offers pedatIon by PCR. Please call for details and pricing.

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Additional InformationAir Cassette Analyses

Air cassette reports indicate the genus and concentration of viable (lMng) and non-viable mold spores detected on theslide (A2 Analysis). Whether or not these spores are viable cannot be determined using this type of analysis. However,keep in mind that spores can remain allergenic even after cellular death. Other possible allergens include dander, pollenand fibers which are included in air cassette reports for the Al Analysis. Al and P2 analyses are performed on severaltypes of air cassettes. Light microscopy at a 400 to I 000x magnification is used for air cassette sample analysis. SanAiralways analyzes 100% of the impacted slide.

Explanation of Background Densities

The background density of an air cassette aids in the overall interpretation of results as it indicates the level ofbackground debris present (e.g. dander, pollen, fibers, insect parts, soot, fly ash, etc.). Excessive background debris maymask the presence of fungal spores thereby reducing the accuracy of the count. It may also serve as an alert that thevolume of air pulled was too high or too low. The following table explains background densities.

Air Cassette Amount of Particulate ExplanationDensity on Slide

1 Insignificant Should not skew any counts1+ Low Should not skew any counts2 Low to Moderate Should not skew any counts

2+ Moderate to High May cause occlusion of small spores3 High May cause occlusion of small to medium spores

3+ Very High Will cause occlusion of spores4 Overloaded Level of particulate too high to perform analysis

A Note About the Funnal Snores

In some instances certain groups of fungi cannot be identified due to a lack of distinguishing characteristics. These fungiWill be categorized as “unknown spores” on the final report.

The genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are typically composed of small, round spores that are difficult to distinguish fromeach other; therefore, they are grouped into the category Aspergillusl Penicillium. Other fungi that produce spores ofsimilar characteristics may also be placed into this category, induding Paecilomyces, Gliocladium, and Trichoderma,among others.

Stachybotrys and Memnoniella spores are coated with a sticky “slime” layer that may inhibit aerosolization.

Any genus of fungi detected on an air cassette with a high raw count (i.e. exceeding 500 spores) may be estimated. Anyestimate higher than 12,000 spores will be reported as >12,000.

Understanding the Air Cassette Report

Each sample has 3 columns of information provided. The left is the raw count which is the number of spores for thatfungal type detected on the trace. The middle column is the count per cubic meter (Count/rn3)which is the raw countconverted based on the total volume pulled for that sample. It represents the number of spores that should be expectedin a cubic meter of air from the location in question if the spores were distributed evenly throughout the air. This column ishelpful for interpreting results when the samples were pulled at different total volumes. In other words, the raw count of acassette pulled at 75 liters should not be compared to the raw count of a cassette pulled at 150 liters because there maybe higher counts associated with the higher volume. By comparing the “Count/rn3”columns the difference in volumes areaccounted for.

The limit of detection is the lowest spore count detectable with reasonable certainty, and it is calculated this way using araw count of one. Keep in mind there are 1,000 liters in a cubic meter.

I x (1,000 I Total Volume in Liters)

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How to calculate the count per cubic meter:

Raw Count x (1,000 I Total Volume in Liters)

The last column on the nght shows the percentage for which each spore type comprised the total spore count.

Understanding the Air Cassette Graph

The graph is a visual representation of the baseline sample (usually the outdoor air sample) compared individually againsteach indoor sample. Each spore type found on the indoor sample is compared to what was found outdoors per cubicmeter.

The graph shows the percentile representation of each indoor spore count derived by dividing the indoor Countlm3by theoutdoor Count/rn3.If the percentage is below 50% of the outside count, then the bar is below 50 on the chart, whichcorresponds to “No evidence of mold amplification.” If the percentage is between 50 and 100%, then the bar on the chartwill stop between 50 and 100, which corresponds to “Possible mold amplification.” If the percentage is greater than100%, then the bar will be above 100 on the chart, which corresponds to “Probable mold amplification.”

Each organism is given a threshold level for the Count/rn3. If this threshold level is not met in an inside sample, then theorganism will not be graphed on the chart. This is used to prevent the graph from showing every spore type that iscommonly found outside and doesn’t typically indicate a possible moisture problem inside. For example, most commonoutdoor spores (e.g. ascospores, basidiospores, and Cladosporium) have a threshold level of 100. Therefore, in order toshow up on the chart, the inside Countlm3must be above 100. On the other hand, fungi that may indicate water damage(e.g. Stachybotiys, Ulocladium, Chaetomium, Memnoniella, etc.) are given lower threshold levels. These fungi have ahigher water activity value and therefore require more moisture to grow. Stachybotrys and Chaetomium have thresholdvalues of 14 and 30, respectively, as even a low count of those types of spores may indicate an issue with excessmoisture.

Keep in mind that this graph is to be used only as a tool in the inspection of a building. Visual examination and knowledgeof water damage, past remediation, and weather conditions, among other elements, is essential in the decision regardingthe indoor air quality of a building.

Assistance with Remediation Prolectsmore information pertaining to interpretation of results is available on our website www.sanair.com**

For assistance in a remediation project you may consult the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and RestorationCertification’s (IICRC) 5500 and 5520 protocols. The S500 is a reference guide for water-damage restoration and the5520 pertains specifically to mold remediation. Other standards and guidelines regarding Indoar Air Quality that mayassist in remediation projects:

AIHA (Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of Indoor Mold)AIHA (The Facts About Mold)NADCA (ACR 2006)IESO (Standards of Practice for the Assessment of Indoor Air Quality)EPA (Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings)New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungiin Indoor Environments)

Disclaimer

This report is the sole property of the client named on the SanAir Technologies Laboratory chain-of-custody. Neitherresults nor reports will be discussed with or released to any third party without our client’s written permission. Theinformation provided in this report applies only to the samples submitted and is relevant only for the date, time andlocation of sampling. SanAir will not provide any opinion on the safety of a building as visual inspection andknowledge of water damage, past remediation and weather conditions during sampling, among other elements.is essential in this decision. SanAir is accredited by AIHA in the EMLAP program for Direct Examination of air samples.

This report does not constitute endorsement by AIHA/NVLAP and/or any other U.S. governmental agencies; and may notbe certified by every local, state and federal regulatory agencies.

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LIMITATIONS

The Air-O-Cell Cassette does not allow for the cultivation or speciation of spores.Slides containing greater that 500 fungal spores are difficult to count accurately due toovercrowding and are therefore estimations. Similarly, excessive non-microbialparticulates can mask the presence of fungal spores, thereby reducing counting accuracies.

No results shall be used as a health risk exposure assessment. Sample results are forenvironmental purposes only and are used to assist in the determination of potentialmicrobial reservoirs or amplifiers. Comparatively low results shall not be used to confirmthe absence of microbial contamination. Additional air sampling as well as sourcesampling may need to be conducted to assist in the evaluation of this limited data.Suspected contamination could be collected by source sampling to confirm the presence offungal andlor bacteria. This approach identifies not only the source of contamination butalso facilitates eventual removal and control of fungal and bacteria growth.

Because fungal spores may include a mixture of various fungal taxa, theircomposition varies widely depending on spatial and temporal changes. There is also a lackof a dose response relationship, which makes defining standards and guidelines nearlyimpossible. A few proposed guidelines for fungi have been published, however, theyshould be used with care and only for screening purposes and not as a health standard.Since there are no consensus health-based standards for fungal levels, as recommended bythe American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, (Bioaerosols,Assessment and Control, 1999) samples are interpreted in conjunction with a visualwalkthrough of the facility that attempts to identify potential microbial sources andsymptoms of building occupants that could potentially be linked to microbial growth. Notethat the walkthrough is only attempting to identify accessible potential microbial sources.Inaccessible areas such as between walls, behind structural components, behindarchitectural components (wallpaper, cove molding), above suspended ceilings and theinterior of ventilation units are not included unless specifically referenced in this report.

As a general note, medical personnel should play a key role in identifying anypotential building related illness. It is always recommended that medical expertise besought in any situation were the probability exists for a potential building related illness.Additionally, please note that individuals may exhibit hypersensitive or allergic reactionsin environments where there are contaminants below set standards or detectable limits.

As a final note with regard to the disturbance of building materials, all buildingmaterials that potentially could be disturbed need to be tested for hazardous and orregulated materials, such as but not limited to, lead and asbestos so that they are handledaccordingly.

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Chief Information Officer Attn: Mr. Timothy Wheeler New ...

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