Chickens and Eggs ISSN: 1948-9064 Released April 21, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). March Egg Production Down 1 Percent United States egg production totaled 9.53 billion during March 2020, down 1 percent from last year. Production included 8.29 billion table eggs, and 1.24 billion hatching eggs, of which 1.15 billion were broiler-type and 90.3 million were egg- type. The average number of layers during March 2020 totaled 395 million, down 3 percent from last year. March egg production per 100 layers was 2,411 eggs, up 1 percent from March 2019. Total layers in the United States on April 1, 2020 totaled 396 million, down 3 percent from last year. The 396 million layers consisted of 331 million layers producing table or market type eggs, 61.8 million layers producing broiler-type hatching eggs, and 3.40 million layers producing egg-type hatching eggs. Rate of lay per day on April 1, 2020, averaged 78.0 eggs per 100 layers, up 1 percent from April 1, 2019. Egg-Type Chicks Hatched Up Slightly Egg-type chicks hatched during March 2020 totaled 55.9 million, up slightly from March 2019. Eggs in incubators totaled 57.6 million on April 1, 2020, down 1 percent from a year ago. Domestic placements of egg-type pullet chicks for future hatchery supply flocks by leading breeders totaled 322 thousand during March 2020, up 70 percent from March 2019. Broiler-Type Chicks Hatched Up 2 Percent Broiler-type chicks hatched during March 2020 totaled 855 million, up 2 percent from March 2019. Eggs in incubators totaled 710 million on April 1, 2020, up 2 percent from a year ago. Leading breeders placed 8.82 million broiler-type pullet chicks for future domestic hatchery supply flocks during March 2020, up 7 percent from March 2019.
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Chickens and Eggs
ISSN: 1948-9064
Released April 21, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
March Egg Production Down 1 Percent United States egg production totaled 9.53 billion during March 2020, down 1 percent from last year. Production included
8.29 billion table eggs, and 1.24 billion hatching eggs, of which 1.15 billion were broiler-type and 90.3 million were egg-
type. The average number of layers during March 2020 totaled 395 million, down 3 percent from last year. March egg
production per 100 layers was 2,411 eggs, up 1 percent from March 2019.
Total layers in the United States on April 1, 2020 totaled 396 million, down 3 percent from last year. The 396 million
layers consisted of 331 million layers producing table or market type eggs, 61.8 million layers producing broiler-type
hatching eggs, and 3.40 million layers producing egg-type hatching eggs. Rate of lay per day on April 1, 2020, averaged
78.0 eggs per 100 layers, up 1 percent from April 1, 2019.
Egg-Type Chicks Hatched Up Slightly Egg-type chicks hatched during March 2020 totaled 55.9 million, up slightly from March 2019. Eggs in incubators totaled
57.6 million on April 1, 2020, down 1 percent from a year ago.
Domestic placements of egg-type pullet chicks for future hatchery supply flocks by leading breeders totaled 322 thousand
during March 2020, up 70 percent from March 2019.
Broiler-Type Chicks Hatched Up 2 Percent Broiler-type chicks hatched during March 2020 totaled 855 million, up 2 percent from March 2019. Eggs in incubators
totaled 710 million on April 1, 2020, up 2 percent from a year ago.
Leading breeders placed 8.82 million broiler-type pullet chicks for future domestic hatchery supply flocks during
March 2020, up 7 percent from March 2019.
2 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
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Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 3 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents
Average Layers During the Month – United States: 2019-2020 ............................................................................................. 4
Egg Production During the Month by Type – United States: 2019-2020 ............................................................................... 4
Egg Production During the Month in Dozens by Type – United States: 2019-2020 .............................................................. 4
Average Layers During the Month – United States ................................................................................................................ 5
Total Egg Production During the Month – United States ....................................................................................................... 5
Layers on Hand and Eggs Produced by Type and Molt – United States: February-March 2019 and 2020 ........................... 6
Layers on Hand and Eggs Produced by Type and Molt – United States: March-April 2019 and 2020 ................................. 7
Layers on Hand and Eggs Produced – States and United States: During February 2019 and 2020 ....................................... 8
Layers on Hand and Eggs Produced – States and United States: During March 2019 and 2020 ........................................... 9
Egg Production by Type – States and United States: February 2019 and 2020 .................................................................... 10
Egg Production by Type – States and United States: March 2019 and 2020 ........................................................................ 11
Egg Production in Dozens by Type – States and United States: February 2019 and 2020 ................................................... 12
Egg Production in Dozens by Type – States and United States: March 2019 and 2020....................................................... 13
Total Layers Molted by Month – United States: 2019-2020 ................................................................................................ 14
Total Layers Molted First Day of the Month – States and United States: March 1 and April 1, 2019-2020 ....................... 14
Hatchery Production – United States: 2019 and 2020 .......................................................................................................... 15
Egg-Type Eggs in Incubators on the First of the Month – United States: 2019 and 2020 .................................................... 16
Egg-Type Chicks Hatched by Month – United States: 2019-2020 ....................................................................................... 16
Intended Placements of Egg-Type Pullet Chicks for Hatchery Supply Flocks by Month and Total –
United States: 2019-2020 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17
Broiler-Type Eggs in Incubators on the First of the Month – United States: 2019 and 2020 ............................................... 17
Broiler-Type Chicks Hatched – States and United States: March 2019 and 2020................................................................ 18
Broiler-Type Chicks Hatched by Month – United States: 2019-2020 .................................................................................. 18
Intended Placements of Broiler-Type Pullet Chicks for Hatchery Supply Flocks by Month and Total: 2019-2020 ............ 19
Terms and Definitions of Chickens and Eggs Estimates ...................................................................................................... 21
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 22
4 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Average Layers During the Month – United States: 2019-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month 2019 2020
(1,000 layers) (1,000 layers)
December 1 ......................................................... January ............................................................... February ............................................................. March .................................................................. April .................................................................... May ..................................................................... June .................................................................... July ..................................................................... August ................................................................ September .......................................................... October ............................................................... November ...........................................................
December 1 ...................... January ............................ February .......................... March ............................... April ................................. May .................................. June ................................. July .................................. August ............................. September ....................... October ............................ November ........................
December 1 ................ January ...................... February .................... March ......................... April ........................... May ............................ June ........................... July ............................ August ....................... September ................. October ...................... November ..................
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 5 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
390
395
400
405
410
Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Million layers
Average Layers During the Month – United States
2019 2020
8,500
8,700
8,900
9,100
9,300
9,500
9,700
9,900
Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Million eggs
Total Egg Production During the Month – United States
2019 2020
December previous year
December previous year
6 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Layers on Hand and Eggs Produced by Type and Molt – United States: February-March 2019 and 2020
Item 2019 2020 2020 as percent of 2019
Layers during February Total layers ...................................................................................... 1,000 Table egg type ............................................................................. 1,000 Hatching egg type ........................................................................ 1,000 Broiler-type hatching ................................................................ 1,000 Egg-type hatching .................................................................... 1,000 Eggs per 100 layers during February Total layers ................................................................................... number Table egg type .......................................................................... number Hatching egg type ..................................................................... number Broiler-type hatching ............................................................. number Egg-type hatching ................................................................. number Eggs produced during February Total layers ..................................................................................... million Table egg type ............................................................................ million Hatching egg type ....................................................................... million Broiler-type hatching ............................................................... million Egg-type hatching ................................................................... million Eggs produced during February Total layers ............................................................................ 1,000 dozen Table egg type ................................................................... 1,000 dozen Hatching egg type .............................................................. 1,000 dozen Broiler-type hatching ...................................................... 1,000 dozen Egg-type hatching .......................................................... 1,000 dozen Layers on March 1 Total layers ...................................................................................... 1,000 Table egg type ............................................................................. 1,000 Hatching egg type ........................................................................ 1,000 Broiler-type hatching ................................................................ 1,000 Egg-type hatching .................................................................... 1,000 Eggs per 100 layers on March 1 Total layers ................................................................................... number Table egg type .......................................................................... number Hatching egg type ..................................................................... number Broiler-type hatching ............................................................. number Egg-type hatching ................................................................. number Molted layers on March 1 Being molted ................................................................................. percent Molt completed .............................................................................. percent Layers sold for slaughter during February ............................................ 1,000 Layers rendered, died, destroyed, composted or disappeared for any reason during February .................................. 1,000 Pullets on March 1 ............................................................................... 1,000 Pullets added during February 1 ........................................................... 1,000
403,552 340,687 62,865 59,392 3,473
2,153 2,232 1,726 1,691 2,318
8,688.7 7,603.8 1,084.9 1,004.4
80.5
724,058.2 633,650.0 90,408.2 83,699.9
6,708.3
404,853 341,836 63,017 59,536 3,481
76.5 79.3 61.7 60.5 83.3
1.5 13.8
14,884.6
10,003.6
123,388
26,165.5
396,817 332,433
64,384 61,028 3,356
2,254 2,344 1,793 1,759 2,408
8,945.0 7,790.9 1,154.1 1,073.3
80.8
745,416.1 649,241.5 96,174.6 89,441.5
6,733.1
394,548 330,293
64,255 60,902 3,353
77.5 80.6 62.0 60.7 85.2
1.7 12.3
16,291.2
12,686.4
124,969
27,434.9
98 98
102 103 97
105 105 104 104 104
103 102 106 107 100
103 102 106 107 100
97 97
102 102 96
101 102 100 100 102
113 89
109
127
101
105
1 Pullet chicks less than 3 days old added to pullet flocks.
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 7 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Layers on Hand and Eggs Produced by Type and Molt – United States: March-April 2019 and 2020
Item 2019 2020 2020 as percent of 2019
Layers during March Total layers .............................................................................................................. 1,000 Table egg type ..................................................................................................... 1,000 Hatching egg type ................................................................................................ 1,000 Broiler-type hatching ........................................................................................ 1,000 Egg-type hatching ............................................................................................ 1,000 Eggs per 100 layers during March Total layers ........................................................................................................... number Table egg type .................................................................................................. number Hatching egg type ............................................................................................. number Broiler-type hatching ..................................................................................... number Egg-type hatching ......................................................................................... number Eggs produced during March Total layers ............................................................................................................. million Table egg type .................................................................................................... million Hatching egg type ............................................................................................... million Broiler-type hatching ....................................................................................... million Egg-type hatching ........................................................................................... million Eggs produced during March Total layers ................................................................................................... 1,000 dozen Table egg type .......................................................................................... 1,000 dozen Hatching egg type ..................................................................................... 1,000 dozen Broiler-type hatching ............................................................................. 1,000 dozen Egg-type hatching ................................................................................. 1,000 dozen Layers on April 1 Total layers .............................................................................................................. 1,000 Table egg type ..................................................................................................... 1,000 Hatching egg type ................................................................................................ 1,000 Broiler-type hatching ........................................................................................ 1,000 Egg-type hatching ............................................................................................ 1,000 Eggs per 100 layers on April 1 Total layers ........................................................................................................... number Table egg type .................................................................................................. number Hatching egg type ............................................................................................. number Broiler-type hatching ..................................................................................... number Egg-type hatching ......................................................................................... number Molted layers on April 1 Being molted ......................................................................................................... percent Molt completed ..................................................................................................... percent Layers sold for slaughter during March ........................................................................ 1,000 Layers rendered, died, destroyed, composted or disappeared for any reason during March .............................................................. 1,000 Pullets on April 1 .......................................................................................................... 1,000 Pullets added during March 1 ....................................................................................... 1,000
405,672 342,715 62,957 59,521 3,436
2,385 2,471 1,914 1,874 2,608
9,674.8 8,469.9 1,204.9 1,115.3
89.6
806,233.1 705,824.9 100,408.2 92,941.5
7,466.7
406,457 343,579 62,878 59,495 3,383
77.3 80.1 61.7 60.4 84.2
1.3 13.7
14,392.3
10,178.8
123,959
28,223.8
395,312 330,573 64,739 61,357 3,382
2,411 2,508 1,915 1,874 2,670
9,530.5 8,290.5 1,240.0 1,149.7
90.3
794,208.4 690,875.0 103,333.4 95,808.5
7,524.9
396,032 330,835 65,197 61,796 3,401
78.0 81.2 61.5 60.2 86.7
1.3 12.2
14,281.7
10,476.5
124,850
27,982.9
97 96
103 103 98
101 101 100 100 102
99 98
103 103 101
99 98
103 103 101
97 96
104 104 101
101 101 100 100 103
100 89
99
103
101
99
1 Pullet chicks less than 3 days old added to pullet flocks.
8 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Layers on Hand and Eggs Produced – States and United States: During February 2019 and 2020
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1 Includes data for States not published in this table.
10 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Egg Production by Type – States and United States: February 2019 and 2020 [Data by type of flock not shown for some States to avoid disclosing individual operations, data included in United States totals]
- Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1 Not published separately to avoid disclosing individual operations.
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 11 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Egg Production by Type – States and United States: March 2019 and 2020 [Data by type of flock not shown for some States to avoid disclosing individual operations, data included in United States totals]
- Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1 Not published separately to avoid disclosing individual operations.
12 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Egg Production in Dozens by Type – States and United States: February 2019 and 2020 [Data by type of flock not shown for some States to avoid disclosing individual operations, data included in United States totals]
- Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1 Not published separately to avoid disclosing individual operations.
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 13 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Egg Production in Dozens by Type – States and United States: March 2019 and 2020 [Data by type of flock not shown for some States to avoid disclosing individual operations, data included in United States totals]
- Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1 Not published separately to avoid disclosing individual operations.
14 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Total Layers Molted by Month – United States: 2019-2020 [As of the first of the month. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month Being molted Molt completed
2019 2020 2019 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
January ................................................. February ............................................... March .................................................... April ...................................................... May ....................................................... June ...................................................... July ....................................................... August .................................................. September ............................................ October ................................................. November ............................................. December .............................................
Alabama ............................................... Arkansas ............................................... California .............................................. Colorado ............................................... Georgia ................................................. Illinois .................................................... Indiana .................................................. Iowa ...................................................... Kentucky ............................................... Maryland ............................................... Michigan ............................................... Minnesota ............................................. Mississippi ............................................ Missouri ................................................ Nebraska .............................................. New York .............................................. North Carolina ....................................... Ohio ...................................................... Oklahoma ............................................. Oregon .................................................. Pennsylvania ........................................ South Carolina ...................................... South Dakota ........................................ Texas .................................................... Utah ...................................................... Virginia .................................................. Washington ........................................... Wisconsin ............................................. Other States 1 ....................................... United States ........................................
0.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 3.0
-
1.5 -
2.0 0.5 1.0
- 0.5 1.5 0.5
-
- - -
3.5 5.5
- -
1.5
3.0
1.5
- 2.5 1.5
- 1.0
- 1.0 2.5 1.5
-
- -
3.0 -
4.0 1.0 0.5 3.0
- -
- 2.5
- 5.0 1.0
- 6.0
-
2.2
1.7
0.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
- 0.5 2.5
- -
1.0 1.0
- 2.0 6.5
- 0.5 1.5 0.5
-
- - -
1.0 - -
1.0 2.0
2.3
1.3
- 1.0 2.0
- - -
1.0 2.5 1.5
-
- -
2.0 -
2.0 - -
3.0 - -
0.5 - -
2.5 1.0
- 2.5
-
1.7
1.3
5.0 8.5 8.5 5.0
11.0 13.5 15.5 18.0 5.0
-
4.0 7.5
18.5 8.0
10.5 3.5 5.0
17.0 22.0 2.5
2.5
20.0 3.0
37.0 24.0 4.0
16.0 25.0
19.5
13.8
6.0 9.5 7.0 7.0
11.0 -
15.0 16.0 1.5
-
2.5 7.0
21.5 3.5 7.5 7.5 4.0
14.0 -
1.5
4.5 20.5
- 41.0 17.5
- 11.5 8.5
18.5
12.3
3.5 10.0 9.0 5.5
11.5 13.0 16.5 17.5 4.5
-
5.0 7.0
18.5 7.5 8.5 1.5 5.5
16.5 22.0
-
2.5 20.0 3.0
36.5 26.5
- 15.5 20.5
20.1
13.7
5.5 11.0 7.5 7.0
10.0 -
14.5 14.0 3.0
-
2.0 6.0
23.5 1.5
10.5 6.0 4.5
14.5 -
1.5
3.5 23.0
- 42.5 18.0
- 14.0 7.5
18.9
12.2
- Represents zero. 1 Includes data for States not published in this table.
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 15 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Hatchery Production – United States: 2019 and 2020
Item 2019 2020 2020 as percent of 2019
(1,000) (1,000) (percent)
Egg-type Eggs in incubators on April 1 ................................................................................... Chicks hatched during March ................................................................................... Chicks hatched January through March ................................................................... Pullets hatched during March for intended placements: Hatchery supply flocks ........................................................................................... Cumulative potential placements 7-18 months earlier 1 .......................................... Broiler-type Eggs in incubators on April 1 ................................................................................... Chicks hatched during March ................................................................................... Chicks hatched January through March ................................................................... Pullets hatched during March for intended placements: Hatchery supply flocks ........................................................................................... Cumulative potential placements 7-15 months earlier 2 ..........................................
58,422 55,658
163,690
189 2,468
696,510 837,361
2,416,830
8,222 70,500
57,553 55,927
156,921
322 2,818
709,537 854,652
2,522,714
8,820 73,604
99
100 96
170 114
102 102 104
107 104
1 2020 includes pullet chicks hatched September 2018 through August 2019. 2 2020 includes pullet chicks hatched December 2018 through August 2019.
16 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Egg-Type Eggs in Incubators on the First of the Month – United States: 2019 and 2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Item 2019 2020 2020 as percent of 2019
(1,000) (1,000) (percent)
January ........................................................................................................................ February ...................................................................................................................... March ........................................................................................................................... April ............................................................................................................................. May .............................................................................................................................. June ............................................................................................................................. July .............................................................................................................................. August ......................................................................................................................... September ................................................................................................................... October ........................................................................................................................ November .................................................................................................................... December ....................................................................................................................
January ..................... February ................... March ........................ April .......................... May ........................... June .......................... July ........................... August ...................... September ................ October ..................... November ................. December .................
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 17 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Intended Placements of Egg-Type Pullet Chicks for Hatchery Supply Flocks by Month and Total – United States: 2019-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month Pullet chicks hatched 2020 as
percent of 2019
Cumulative potential placements relative to current supply
January ...................................... February ..................................... March ......................................... April ............................................ May ............................................ June ........................................... July ............................................. August ........................................ September .................................. October ...................................... November ................................... December ................................... Annual total ................................
1 For March 2020, includes breeder pullet chicks hatched September 2018 through August 2019. The 7-18 months represent the first laying cycle. Molting and additional laying cycles will increase the cumulative potential placements.
Broiler-Type Eggs in Incubators on the First of the Month – United States: 2019 and 2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Item 2019 2020 2020 as percent of 2019
(1,000) (1,000) (percent)
January ....................................................................................................................... February ...................................................................................................................... March .......................................................................................................................... April ............................................................................................................................. May ............................................................................................................................. June ............................................................................................................................ July .............................................................................................................................. August ......................................................................................................................... September ................................................................................................................... October ....................................................................................................................... November .................................................................................................................... December ....................................................................................................................
Alabama ................................................. Arkansas ................................................. Delaware ................................................ Florida ..................................................... Georgia ................................................... Kentucky ................................................. Louisiana ................................................ Maryland ................................................. Mississippi .............................................. Missouri .................................................. North Carolina ......................................... Oklahoma ............................................... Pennsylvania .......................................... South Carolina ........................................ Texas ...................................................... Virginia .................................................... California, Tennessee, and West Virginia .................................. Other States 1 ......................................... United States ..........................................
108,986 89,682 19,187 4,378
125,312 27,430 13,537 30,205 67,078 30,837
87,082 27,431 19,719 20,636 63,435 23,604
43,884
34,938
837,361
122,300 85,948 19,212 4,342
125,281 27,105 13,599 30,457 66,964 32,271
91,194 26,987 21,935 20,178 56,059 23,651
46,232
40,937
854,652
112 96
100 99
100 99
100 101 100 105
105 98
111 98 88
100
105
117
102
325,101 259,944 54,606 12,747
362,703 79,922 38,858 85,693
197,219 87,270
247,680 79,896 56,276 59,560
176,075 67,427
124,589
101,264
2,416,830
359,548 253,827 56,503 12,724
366,795 80,823 39,640 88,948
197,514 94,956
265,104 80,347 64,877 59,269
180,295 68,998
134,648
117,898
2,522,714
111 98
103 100 101 101 102 104 100 109
107 101 115 100 102 102
108
116
104
1 Not published separately to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Broiler-Type Chicks Hatched by Month – United States: 2019-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
January ..................... February ................... March ........................ April .......................... May ........................... June .......................... July ........................... August ...................... September ................ October ..................... November ................. December .................
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 19 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Intended Placements of Broiler-Type Pullet Chicks for Hatchery Supply Flocks by Month and Total: 2019-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month Pullet chicks hatched 2020 as
percent of 2019
Cumulative potential placements relative to current supply
United States placements ................ January ........................................ February ...................................... March .......................................... April ............................................. May ............................................. June ............................................ July .............................................. August ......................................... September ................................... October ........................................ November .................................... December .................................... Annual total ..................................... Total placements 2 January ........................................ February ...................................... March .......................................... April ............................................. May ............................................. June ............................................ July .............................................. August ......................................... September ................................... October ........................................ November .................................... December .................................... Annual total .....................................
1 For March 2020, includes breeder pullet chicks hatched December 2018 through August 2019. 2 United States production of intended placements worldwide.
20 Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: Primary data for the Chickens and Eggs report are from weekly and/or monthly questionnaires sent
to producers. An attempt is made to collect information for layer and egg estimates from each known contractor and
independent producer who has at least 30,000 table egg layers, flocks of hatchery supply layers, or pullet only operations
with at least 500 pullets. Coverage for operations with less than 30,000 table egg layers are estimated each month based
on data reported in December. Approximately 500 contractors, independent egg producers, and pullet only operations are
contacted each month. Data for broiler hatchery estimates are collected weekly from all broiler-type hatcheries that hatch
at least one million chicks a year. Data for egg-type hatchery estimates are collected monthly from all egg-type hatcheries
that hatch at least 50,000 chicks a year.
Estimating Procedures: Sound statistical methodology is employed to derive estimates from the reported data. All data
are analyzed for unusual values. Data from each operation are compared to their own past operating profile and to trends
from similar operations. Data for missing operations are estimated based on similar operations or historical data. NASS
regional field offices prepare these estimates by using a combination of survey indications and historic trends. Individual
State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness.
For chicken hatcheries, chicks hatched consist of all chicks of domesticated breeds including males and chicks destined
for hatchery supply flocks and research purposes. Eggs set are eggs in incubators for the purpose of hatching. The
relationship of egg-type chicks hatched to chicken inventory and poultry marketings are carefully monitored. The
disposition of egg-type chicks hatched prior to placement into the laying flock can vary significantly, which can make
comparisons to changes in layer inventory inconsistent over time. Broiler chicks placed are specifically for meat
production. Intended placement data reported by leading breeders include pullet chicks expected from eggs sold the
preceding month. The breeders in this report account for a large percentage of replacement pullets for hatchery supply
flocks. Production of replacement pullets by these breeders indicates the number of pullets available to hatchery supply
layer flocks several months before the pullets will actually move into the laying flocks. “Hatchery Supply Flocks” include
all generations of layers which could lay eggs to supply a hatchery. This includes the generations of parents, grandparents,
great-grandparents, pedigree, etc. Also included are research flocks, vaccine flocks, and specific pathogen-free flocks. The
broiler cumulative potential placements are a moving total of the intended placements 7-15 months earlier. The egg-type
cumulative potential placements of 7-18 months earlier represent the first laying cycle. Molting and additional laying
cycles will increase the cumulative potential placements of egg-type hatching flocks.
Revision Policy: The previous month's estimates are subject to revision if late reports or corrected data indicates a
different level. Additionally, revisions after the monthly report will be made at the end of the marketing year and
published in the annual reports of Chickens and Eggs Summary and Hatchery Production Summary. Estimates will also be
reviewed for chickens and eggs after data from the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made
after that date.
Reliability: Estimates are based on a census of all known contractors and independent producers who have at least 30,000
table egg layers, flocks of hatchery supply layers, pullet only operations with at least 500 pullets, or operating hatcheries
and therefore, have no sampling error. However, estimates are subject to errors such as omission, duplication, and
mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. While these errors cannot be measured directly, they are
minimized through strict quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.
To assist in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the “Root Mean Square Error” is shown for selected
items in the following table. The “Root Mean Square Error” is a statistical measure based on past performance and is
computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The “Root Mean Square Error” for total layers over the
past 24 months is 1.6 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the
current estimate of 395 million layers by more than 1.6 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not
exceed 2.8 percent.
Chickens and Eggs (April 2020) 21 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Reliability of Layer and Egg Estimates [Based on data for the past 24 months]