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Chicago Manual and Harvard Style
How to cite
26thJuly 2010
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Shaw Library & Resource Centre
What is Plagiarism?
Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work, orborrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and"borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense:
According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize"means:
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) asone's own
to use (another's production) without crediting thesource
to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product
derived from an existing source.
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Why should I cite sources?
not all sources are good or right
citing sources shows the amount of research you've done.
citing sources strengthens your work by lending outsidesupport to your ideas.
Basically, citing stuff and having more footnotes looks good.
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Citation
A "citation" is the way you acknowledge certain material ifyour work came from another source. It also gives your
readers the information necessary to find that sourceagain, including:
information about the author
the title of the work
the name and location of the company that publishedyour copy of the source
the date your copy was published the page numbers of the material you are borrowing
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When do I need to cite?
Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need toacknowledge their source. The following situations almost
always require citation: whenever you use quotes
whenever you paraphrase
whenever you use an idea that someone else has alreadyexpressed
whenever you make specific reference to the work of another
whenever someone else's work has been critical indeveloping your own ideas.
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Different Styles
APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago, Harvard etc etc.
Chicago Manual Humanities and social sciences
History IA, Econs IA, World Lit, TOK
Harvard Style Scientific essays
Bio, Chem, Physics IA or EEs
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Chicago Manual General Format
Footnoting
First Name Last Name, Title. (City/Location: Publisher., Year)page number.
Bibliography Last Name, First Name. Title. City/Location: Publisher., Year.
This is an
element.
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Chicago Manual Book;1 Author Footnoting
John Bradley, The Russian Revolution. (New York: Bison Books Corp.,1988) 154.
Bibliography Bradley, John. The Russian Revolution. New York: Bison Books Corp.,
1988.
Book with editions
Footnoting Michael Lynch, Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924., 3rd ed.
(London: Hodder Murray, 2005) 133. Bibliography
Lynch, Michael. Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924. 3rd ed.London: Hodder Murray, 2005.
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Chicago Manual Book; 2 Authors
Footnoting
Philip Catton and Graham MacDonald, eds., Karl Popper:
Critical Appraisals. (New York: Routledge, 2004) 54.
Bibliography Catton, Philip and Graham MacDonald, eds. Karl Popper:
Critical Appraisals. New York: Routledge, 2004.
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Chicago Manual Book; >3 Authors
Footnoting
V.P. Butt et al., eds., The Russian Civil War Documents from
the Soviet Archives. (London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996) 43.
Bibliography
Butt, V.P., A.B. Murphy, N.A. Myshov and G.R. Swain, eds.The Russian Civil War Documents from the Soviet
Archives. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996.
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Chicago Manual Book; Translated
Footnoting
Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London:
Methuen, 2005), 10.
Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. Hedda Gabler. Translated by Michael Meyer.
London: Methuen, 2005.
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Chicago Manual Website with Author
Footnoting
Gary Sheffield, The Western Front: Lions Led By Donkeys?,
BBC History: World War One. (accessed 10th January 2009).
Bibliography
Sheffield, Gary. The Western Front: Lions Led By Donkeys?,
BBC History: World War One.
(accessed 10thJanuary 2009).
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Chicago Manual Website without Author
Footnoting
AsiaOne Business, Singapore to tap reserves for first time,
AsiaOne, 22ndJanuary 2009.
(accessed 10th May 2009).
Bibliography
AsiaOne Business. Singapore to tap reserves for first
time, AsiaOne, 22ndJanuary 2009.
(accessed 10th May
2009).
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Chicago Manual The use of ibid Ibid the same place or above it
How to use ibid: Page 1
Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London:Methuen, 2005), 10.
Ibid, 21.
Page 2 Ibsen, 24.
Ibid, 15.
Ibid, 64.
August Strindberg, Miss Julie., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London:Methuen, 2006), 6.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid, 14.
Ibid.
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Harvard Style General Format
Footnoting
Last Name, First Name. (Year) Title, Edition, Publisher, City,Country, Page Number.
Bibliography Last Name, First Name. (Year) Title, Edition, Publisher, City,
Country, Page Number.
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Harvard Style Book; 1 Author
Footnoting
Atlas, Ronald M. (2004) Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rdEd., CRC Press, Florida, USA, p45.
Bibliography Atlas, Ronald M. (2004) Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd
Ed., CRC Press, Florida, USA.
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Harvard Style Book; 3-5 Authors
Footnoting
Carlile M.J., Watkinson S.C. & Gooday G.W. (2001) The Fungi,2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, UK, p217.
Bibliography Carlile M.J., Watkinson S.C. & Gooday G.W. (2001) The Fungi,
2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, UK.
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Harvard Style Journal; 5 Authors
Footnoting
Dehghani M.H., Mahvi A.H., Jahed G.R. & Sheikhi R. (2007)Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for
reduction of fungi from sewage,Journal of Zhejiang UniversityScience, 8 (7), Zhejiang University Science, Hangzhou, China,p495.
Bibliography
Dehghani M.H., Mahvi A.H., Jahed G.R. & Sheikhi R. (2007)Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for
reduction of fungi from sewage,Journal of Zhejiang UniversityScience, 8 (7), Zhejiang University Science, Hangzhou, China,pp493-7.
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Harvard Style Journal; >5 Authors
Footnoting
Kollar R., et al. (1997) Architecture of the Yeast Cell Wall,The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (28), ASBMB, Maryland,
USA, p1176.
Bibliography
Kollar R., et al. (1997) Architecture of the Yeast Cell Wall, The
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (28), ASBMB, Maryland, USA,pp1170-8.
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Harvard Style Website
Footnoting
Hansen P.J. (2000) Use of a Hemacytometer,http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.ht
m, accessed 20/10/2008.
Bibliography
Hansen P.J. (2000) Use of a Hemacytometer,
http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htm, accessed 20/10/2008.
http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htmhttp://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.htm8/2/2019 Chicago Manual and Harvard Style
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Shortcuts
Microsoft Word 2007 and later
Citations and Bibliography function
Websites
Easybib.com
Just google it.
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Final Notes
Alphabetical Order
Just keep it consistent