Chevron Pulse Report: July 2008 to December 2009

July 2008 – December 2009 Edition

© 2010 Chevron Corporation

Table of Contents

© 2010 Chevron Corporation | 2 Chevron Pulse Report - July 2008 - December 2009 Edition | Prepared by Edelman

1. Overview 3The Energy Conversation 3Methodology 4Executive Summary 8The Online Energy Conversation Volume 10Timeline of the Energy Conversation 11Volume and Net Sentiment 12Sentiment Trends 13Online Conversation Platforms Volume 14Growth of the Twitter Conversation 15

2. Energy Resources 16Summary 17Topics 18Volume and Net Sentiment 20Volume of Online Conversations 21Net Sentiment and Sentiment Volume 22Sentiment Trends 23Access 24Energy Reserves 26Energy Security 28Influencers 30

3. Energy and Technology 31Summary 32Topics 33Volume and Net Sentiment 36Volume of Online Conversations 37Net Sentiment and Sentiment Volume 38Sentiment Trends 39Energy Efficiency 40Technology and Innovation 42Alternatives and Renewables 44Influencers 46

4. Energy and Environment 47Summary 48Topics 49Volume and Net Sentiment 51Volume of Online Conversations 52Net Sentiment and Sentiment Volume 53Sentiment Trends 54Environment, Resources and Policy 55Climate Change 57Influencers 59

5. Join the Online Conversation 60

The Chevron Pulse Report(TM) is © 2010 Chevron Corporation. All rights reserved. Chevron hereby grants to any person a royalty-free license to copy the Report in whole or in part.Your license is conditioned upon providing attribution to Chevron (e.g. “Source: Chevron Pulse Report, Q1 2010 Edition”).

Energy is one of the most important issues of our time. It is the engine for our economy and the inspiration for innovative new technologies. It shapes the world we live in today and the future that we will share. It is debated in the halls of government, in the comments of blogs and in videos on YouTube.

The online conversation about energy is robust, diverse,

passionate and dynamic, evolving alongside the medium

itself. In the fall of 2008, there were 100 million people on Facebook and only 3 million on Twitter, but there were 5 million posts* about energy. Over the last 18 months, Facebook has eclipsed 450 million users and Twitter has grown to 75 million; there were also 25.7 million posts about energy-related issues.

In the summer of 2008, Chevron partnered with Edelman to gain a better understanding of the online conversation about energy topics. Together, Chevron and Edelman identified

more than 50 key energy issues and conversation topics.

Working with Alterian’s SM2 social media monitoring tool, we began analyzing the focus, volume and sentiment of the online conversation about these issues across blogs, discussion forums and social networks, including sites such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Vimeo and Flickr.

Chevron has been using the information to stay informed about energy topics that are important to people in the online community.

After looking at this data for the past 18 months, Chevron started to realize there was a lot of information that would probably interest other people as well. As a result, together, Edelman and Chevron compiled this information into The

Chevron Pulse Report: The State of Online Conversation

about Energy Issues.

This first report is a way to understand and articulate how the online conversation about energy has evolved from July 2008 to December 2009. Edelman placed a lot of emphasis on charts that translate the conversation into simple visuals, understanding that it is nearly impossible to represent 25.7 million conversations in a handful of words.

Chevron and Edelman are excited to share this report and hope you find the information interesting and helpful.

Chevron Pulse Report - July 2008 - December 2009 Edition | Prepared by Edelman © 2010 Chevron Corporation | 3

* The term “posts” is used generically to represent a piece of online content, such as a blog post, tweet, photo, video or discussion comment.

OverviewThe Energy Conversation

OverviewMethodology: Scope

Scope

Edelman conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the volume and sentiment of the global, English-speaking online conversation about energy issues from July 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009, focusing on eight major issues within three broad categories:

Energy Resources – Access; Energy Reserves; Energy Security

Energy and Technology – Energy Efficiency; Technology and Innovation; Alternatives and Renewables

Energy and Environment – Environment, Resources and Policy; Climate Change

These three categories were chosen because they were the broadest terms that applied to the most relevant conversations about energy.

© 2010 Chevron Corporation | 4Chevron Pulse Report - July 2008 - December 2009 Edition | Prepared by Edelman

Within these eight issues, we examined 74 subtopics,

ranging in size from a few hundred posts to more than

a million.

The analysis was conducted on a quarterly basis. There were six quarters during the18-month period, beginning with 3Q08 (July through September 2008) and ending with 4Q09 (October through December 2009). Edelman examined changes in volume and sentiment for each subtopic for each quarter.

OverviewMethodology: Quantitative Analysis

Edelman utilized Google’s Advanced Search

features to catalogue blogs, social networks (e.g.,

Facebook, MySpace) and social media sites (e.g.,

YouTube, Flickr, Revver, Vimeo), as well as

Boardreader for discussion forums. Note: Only public

Facebook pages were indexed, in accordance with the

site’s Terms of Service.

Searches were run in triplicate to ensure data integrity. The volume was also manually cross-referenced with results pulled by Alterian’s SM2* social media monitoring tool to determine whether there were inconsistencies in the relative volume of subtopics in relation to each other. For example, if there were one million posts in Google about a topic, but only 500 posts in SM2, this would signal a likely data query error. In such instances, queries would be reconstructed and redeployed.

Using this methodology, 25.7 million posts about

Energy Resources, Energy and Technology and

Energy and Environment were identified from July

2008 through December 2009.


Quantitative Analysis of the Conversation Volume

The amount of online conversation about energy is vast, and there is no objective way of measuring precisely how many posts there are, over time or for a given period. Google has indexed billions of Web pages, but even they could not tell you how many pages, posts or comments have been missed. Each search engine and social media monitoring tool collects posts a little bit differently.

Edelman captured and analyzed enough of the online conversation in order to make confident and reasonable assertions about the volume and sentiment of the discussion. Edelman worked with developers to construct a series of Julian date searches that pulled information on the number of posts about specific topics over a given period of time. The searches were built on Boolean taxonomies, which were developed and tested for each of the 74 subtopics, in order to reduce or eliminate false positives in the search results.

*SM2 is a social media monitoring and analysis tool that tracks and measures online conversations across blogs, forums and social media platforms based on volume, sentiment and influence.

OverviewMethodology: Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis of the Conversation Sentiment

While the Julian date searches on Google and Boardreader provide reasonable assurance of the volume of conversations about the issues we examined, neither platform offers the ability to evaluate the sentiment of said conversations. Because we were examining such a sizable conversation, it would be untenable to manually rate the tone and sentiment of each of these posts. The

semantic engine of Alterian’s SM2 social media

monitoring tool was used to evaluate the sentiment

of the online conversation about each issue.

Edelman is confident in the tool’s native capabilities, but wanted to provide additional assurance that the tool was properly rating issue-oriented conversations. These types of conversations can differ in sentiment and tone from consumer- or product-oriented discussions.

In August 2008, Edelman conducted a quantitative survey of the online conversation about energy issues. This established the relative volume of conversation about energy issues over a seven-month period, from January 1 through July 31, 2008. We drew a randomized qualitative sample of posts from the larger quantitative pool in order to gain insight into the tone and trends in the conversation about these topics.


The items were selected based on topical relevance. They were weighted according to the predominance of subtopics in relation to one another so that the sample reflected the volumes identified in the quantitative analysis. For example, if the subtopic Biofuels made up 20 percent of the quantitative sample for the discussion for the topic Alternatives and Renewables, then 20 percent of the qualitative sample for this topic focused on Biofuels. Additionally, the samples were weighted by date to reflect individual conversation trends where possible.

More than 5,000 posts were pulled to make up the sample used in the 2008 survey. A team of 10 conversation analysts manually reviewed the posts and scored them on a 5-point Likert Scale for overall sentiment as well as sentiment on specific issues, where:

1 = Very unfavorable 2 = Unfavorable 3 = Neutral 4 = Favorable 5 = Very favorable

OverviewMethodology: Qualitative Analysis, continued

For example, a post that was very favorable about Alternatives and Renewables but very unfavorable about Wave Power would be scored “5” for Alternatives, “1” for Wave Power and “4” overall. The overall score was based on the general tone of the article; it was not merely an average of the individual scores. Further, net sentiment was calculated based on a weighted average of positive and negative sentiment.

The analysts also developed a detailed taxonomy of trigger words that signaled why the post was positive or negative in sentiment. This dictionary of more than 1,000 words was combined with SM2’s existing semantic dictionary in order to provide heightened assurance that the semantic engine was properly scoring conversations. Edelman reviewed a sample of the conversations scored by SM2 and is confident in its semantic scoring. This methodology was applied to the evaluation of six previous quarterly reviews of the online conversation about energy issues.


For the purposes of the Pulse Report, SM2 scored

7.2 million posts across 74 subtopics over six

quarters in an 18-month period. Comparing this analysis with other evaluations of the online conversation about specific issues, Edelman is confident that this examination represents one of the most comprehensive analyses of online conversation available.

OverviewExecutive Summary

There were 25.7 million posts about Energy

Resources, Energy and Technology and Energy

and Environment from July 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009.

Using Alterian’s SM2 social media monitoring tool, Edelman analyzed the sentiment of 7.2 million posts. The average sentiment of this sample was

neutral: 3.04 on a 5-point Likert scale.

The majority of the online conversation evaluated over the 18-month period was generated on blogs, followed by discussion forums, videos sites, social networks and Twitter.

The volume of online conversation grew steadily from 3 million posts in the last quarter of 2008 to more

than 5.3 million posts in the last quarter of 2009. The rapid growth of social media platforms contributed to this increase in discussion.

There were significant changes in the volume and

sentiment of the overall conversation during the

18-month period.

While Energy Resources experienced a major

swell in conversation in the summer of 2008,

Energy and Environment became the most

prominent of the major issues in online

discussion during the last quarter of 2009.

Similarly, there was significant variation in the tone of online conversation about specific issues (e.g., the Copenhagen climate summit).

From July 2008 through December 2009, political

discourse and the economy remained at the heart

of the online discussion pertaining to Energy

Resources, Energy and Technology and Energy

and Environment. This conversation was driven by major news events, landmark legislation (e.g., the Waxman-Markey climate bill) and the insights and priorities of a diverse community of online influencers.


OverviewExecutive Summary, continued

Energy and Technology made up the largest

segment of the online conversation from July 2008 through September 2009; however, the volume of conversation about Energy and Environment was slightly larger in the last quarter of 2009 as climate and environmental policy dominated the online energy conversation.

Energy and Technology was the most positive of the three major issue areas for the entirety of the 18-month period. Technology was looked upon by many online influencers as the key to obtaining energy independence, harnessing the development of energy resources (e.g., nuclear power or algae-based fuels) and boosting the economy with innovative employment opportunities.

One of the most notable swells in online

conversation volume about Energy Resources

occurred in the third quarter of 2008, when access to domestic energy resources gained significant attention among the online community. This discussion was propelled by pro-drilling campaigns and the impending 2008 presidential election.

Energy and Environment was the most negative of the three major issue areas for 15 of the 18 months. The sole exception was the first quarter of 2009, when online conversations about Energy Resources were slightly more negative than Energy and Environment.

Following the election of President Barack Obama in late 2008, a shift in the online energy conversation

emerged, as discussions about Alternatives and Renewables, Sustainability and Energy Efficiency began to generate additional interest among people talking about energy online.


OverviewThe Online Energy Conversation Volume


There were 25.7 million online posts about Energy Resources, Energy and Technology, and Energy and Environment from July 2008 through December 2009.

Chart 1.1

OverviewTimeline of the Energy Conversation


Chart 1.2

OverviewVolume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations About Energy

Chevron Pulse Report - July 2008 - December 2009 Edition | Prepared by Edelman

Low Volume/Negative Sentiment

Low Volume/Positive Sentiment

High Volume/Negative Sentiment

High Volume/Positive Sentiment

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Environment, Energy and Policy

Climate Change

Alternatives and Renewables

Technology and Innovation

Energy Reserves

Energy Efficiency

Access Energy Security

Chart 1.3

© 2010 Chevron Corporation | 12

Volume of Online

Conversations

Sentiment of Online Conversations

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Online conversation about Climate Change was the greatest in volume and most negative in sentiment. Energy Efficiency was the most positive of all the key topics.

OverviewSentiment Trends of Online Conversations About Energy


8 Issue Areas 3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

Environment , Energy and Policy

3.08 3.09 3.32 3.19 3.30 3.10

Climate Change 2.48 2.39 2.68 2.54 2.46 2.33


3.28 2.95 3.31 3.39 3.42 3.32

Energy Efficiency 3.61 3.30 3.53 3.58 3.70 3.60


3.34 3.30 3.59 3.60 3.33 3.46

Access 2.46 2.41 2.66 2.64 2.72 2.66

Energy Reserves 2.52 2.58 2.72 2.80 2.75 2.54

Energy Security 3.08 3.35 2.79 2.88 2.79 2.61

Chart 1.4


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

PositiveNegative

Positive (3.10–5.00)Neutral (2.90–3.09)Negative (1.00–2.89)

Sentiment Trends of Online Conversations Legend: >.10 Change:

Sentiment about the eight issue areas was generally mixed over the 18-month period. There was a notable improvement in sentiment during the first quarter of 2009; however, the sentiment fell for most issues in the last quarter of 2009.

OverviewOnline Conversation Platforms Volume About Energy

Chart 1.5


Blogs generated the largest share of online energy conversation over the 18-month period, followed by discussion forums.

*Boardreader; **Facebook, MySpace, Friendster, Digg; ***YouTube, Revver, Vimeo, Qik, Flickr

OverviewGrowth of the Twitter Conversation About Energy

Chart 1.6**


The conversation about energy on Twitter spiked in 2009, mirroring the growth of the platform.

*Source: http://themetricsystem.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/cumulativeusers.jpg

**Update 05/06/2010: Data mislabeled, chart has been corrected



The Online Conversation About:

ENERGY RESOURCES

Energy ResourcesSummary of the Online Conversation

There were 2.6 million online

conversations about Energy

Resources from July 2008 through December 2009.

Discussions of Energy Reserves,

including Energy Supply, made up

about 60 percent of the Energy

Resources conversation.

Of the three key topics about Energy Resources that we examined–Access, Energy Reserves and Energy Security–the discussion of Energy Security

was neutral (2.97), whereas Access

and Energy Reserves were both

negative in sentiment.

The online conversation about Energy Resources was slightly negative

overall, with a Likert rating of 2.73 out of 5.00 during the 18-month period.

There were also approximately 582,000 conversations about Access and 468,000 regarding Energy Security.


KEY ENERGY RESOURCES TOPICS EXAMINED:

• Access

• Energy Reserves

• Energy Security

Access

Outer Continental Shelf (OCS): Oil or drilling in the OCS, offshore areas that lie between the jurisdiction of individual U.S. states and the federal government, generally three miles to 200 miles off the coast.

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Oil or drilling in the ANWR, a 19-million-acre area that lies in the northeast corner of Alaska, a portion of which could be designated for oil and natural gas exploration.

U.S. Domestic Access: Access to or exploration of U.S. energy resources.

Oil Shale: An organic-rich sedimentary rock that can be used to produce liquid hydrocarbons or converted into various forms of oil.

Oil Sands: Unconventional oil that comprises a natural mixture of sand, water and a form of petroleum called bitumen.

Natural Gas: Natural gas supply in the United States.


Energy ResourcesTopics Explored in the Online Conversation

Energy Reserves

Energy Reserves: Reserves of energy resources, including natural gas and oil. A reserve is the amount of commercially recoverable energy still remaining at a location.

Peak Oil: Defined as the point in time when the maximum rate of extraction of the world’s petroleum supply is met and subsequently followed by the terminal decline of production.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): America’s storage of oil maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy for future emergency situations involving U.S. energy supply.

Capacity: The level of production for individual refineries as well as total production for all refineries.

Refineries: Oil refineries or the oil refining process.

Energy Supply: The supply of energy resources, such as oil or natural gas.

Energy Security

Energy Security: The issue of U.S. national security involving energy, such as rising costs or limited supplies.

Energy Independence: Energy independence or energy dependence refers to whether a country can rely on its own resources for energy production, or turns to other countries for energy supplies.

“Foreign” Oil: Supplies of oil from non-U.S. sources.


Energy ResourcesTopics Explored in the Online Conversation, continued

Energy ResourcesVolume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Energy Reserves

AccessEnergy Security

Chart 2.1


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

The online conversation about Energy Resources was negative in sentiment overall. Energy Reserves was the largest driver of online discussion.

Capacity was the largest share of conversation, followed by Energy Reserves and the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).

11.71%

1.38%

0.78%

3.25%

12.86%

9.67%

25.98%

7.57%

5.56%

4.59%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

OCS*

U.S. Domestic Access

Oil Shale

Oil Sands

Energy Reserves

Peak Oil

Capacity

Energy Security

Energy Independence

"Foreign" Oil


4Q09 Volume of Conversation(Percentage of 5,869,000Total)

*

Energy ResourcesVolume of Online Conversations

Chart 2.2


10 of 15 Energy Resources Subtopics

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Percentage of Online Conversations About Energy Resources – 2.6 Million Total

*Outer Continental Shelf

OCS**


Energy Security was the most favorable conversation, with a net sentiment of 3.19.

Posi

tive

Neg

ativ

e

Category

Net

Sentiment

NeutralVolume

U.S. Domestic Access

Oil Shale Oil Sands Energy Reserves

Peak Oil Capacity Energy Security

Energy Independence

“Foreign” Oil

3,855 686 290 1,875 3,961 1,924

11,3047,277

3,702 1,872

– 5,216– 948 – 486

– 3,413

– 8,461

– 4,557

– 9,830– 5,246

– 2,869 – 4,839

-15,000

-10,000

-5,000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

Energy ResourcesNet Sentiment and Sentiment Volume of Online Conversations

Chart 2.3


10 of 15 Energy Resources Subtopics

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Sen

tim

en

t V

olu

me*

*Number of positive, negative and neutral posts rated by the SM2 social media monitoring tool**Outer Continental Shelf

2.75 2.78 2.47 2.51 2.49 2.38 3.04 3.19 3.15 2.28

75,758 12,328 7,756 21,820 112,039 32,652 207,300 94,565 35,444 28,867

Energy ResourcesSentiment Trends of Online Conversations


10 of 15 Energy

Resources Subtopics

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

Outer Continental Shelf 2.48 2.69 2.70 2.76 3.05 2.96

U.S. Domestic Access 2.54 2.61 2.82 3.00 2.93 2.78

Oil Shale 2.24 1.64 2.26 2.35 2.46 3.34

Oil Sands 2.75 2.21 2.66 2.53 2.36 2.52

Energy Reserves 2.55 2.43 2.69 2.68 2.49 2.44

Peak Oil 2.44 2.72 2.48 2.33 2.39 2.27

Capacity 2.63 2.88 3.32 3.20 3.21 3.01

Energy Security 3.15 3.63 3.16 3.16 3.15 3.07

Energy Independence 2.97 3.08 3.23 3.31 3.18 2.91

“Foreign “Oil 2.36 2.36 2.23 2.40 2.20 2.19

Chart 2.4

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

PositiveNegative


Energy Security and Energy Independence were the only two subtopics where the online conversation was neutral to positive throughout the 18-month period.


Energy ResourcesAccess: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

ANWR*

OCS**

Oil ShaleU.S. Domestic Access

Oil SandsNatural Gas

Chart 2.5


Volume of Online

Conversations


All subtopics about Access were negative in sentiment. Conversation about Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) generated a markedly higher level of online conversation volume than the other subtopics.

*Arctic National Wildlife Refuge**Outer Continental Shelf

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

OCS***ANWR**U.S. Domestic AccessOil SandsNatural Gas


Energy ResourcesAccess: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

Access*

Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) saw the greatest change in online conversation volume over the 18-month period.

Chart 2.6 *Five of six subtopics about Access**Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

***Outer Continental Shelf

Energy ResourcesEnergy Reserves: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

SPR*

Capacity

Energy Reserves

Energy Supply

Peak Oil

Refineries

Chart 2.7


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Capacity was the only positive, high-volume subtopic of conversation about Energy Reserves.

*Strategic Petroleum Reserve

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

100,000110,000120,000130,000140,000150,000160,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

Energy ReservesPeak OilCapacityRefineriesEnergy Supply


Energy Reserves*

Energy ResourcesEnergy Reserves: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

The volume of conversation about Capacity decreased significantly from the start of 2009; however, the volume of conversation about other Energy Reserves subtopics decreased and then rose again.

Chart 2.8

*Five of six subtopics about Energy Reserves

Energy ResourcesEnergy Security: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Energy Independence

“Foreign” Oil

Energy Security

Chart 2.9


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Conversation about “Foreign” Oil was low in volume and negative in sentiment. Energy Security and Energy Independence were both at high levels of volume, with positive sentiment.

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

110,000

120,000

130,000

140,000

150,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

Energy SecurityEnergy Independence"Foreign" Oil


Energy Security

Energy ResourcesEnergy Security: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

Energy Security conversations experienced a considerable drop in volume during the last two quarters of 2008.

Chart 2.10

Energy ResourcesSample of Influencers Active in the Online Conversation

Blog Link Description

BNET/Energy http://industry.bnet.com/energy

BNet.com's Energy blog provides analysis on a wide range of issues involving the energy sector including energy policy, green business, energy research and technologies.

Energy Bulletin http://www.energybulletin.net/The Energy Bulletin provides information about peak oil, energy production and implications of peak oil.

Energy & Capital http://www.energyandcapital.com/

Energy and Capital features insights on energy investment strategies and insights, as well as perspectives on the latest energy issues and energy economy.

Energy Outlook http://energyoutlook.blogspot.com The Energy Outlook shares insights, information and discussion surrounding a spectrum of issues related to the energy industry.

NewsWatch: Energy http://blogs.chron.com/newswatchenergy/

The Houston Chronicle's NewsWatch: Energy Blog is a source for news, analysis and conversation about developments and issues pertaining to the energy industry.

Peak Oil News http://peakoil.comPeak Oil News distributes analysis and information exploring the prospective depletion of the world's oil supply

R-Squared Energy Blog http://i-r-squared.blogspot.comThe R-Squared Energy blog aims to foster objective discussions about energy and sustainability and alternative solutions.

The Energy Blog http://thefraserdomain.typepad.com/energy/

The Energy Blog covers a range of energy issues from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The site is focused on an "Energy Revolution," characterized as the growing need to supplement fossil fuels with alternative energy resources.

The Energy Collective http://www.theenergycollective.com/

The Energy Collective is a collaborative blog where a number of contributing energy experts weigh-in on relevant energy news, resources, technologies, policy and more.

The Oil Drum http://www.theoildrum.com/The Oil Drum is an online destination for conversation about peak oil and relevant topics pertaining to the current and future energy supply.




ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY

Energy and TechnologySummary of the Online Conversation

There were 12.8 million posts about

Energy and Technology that surfaced online from July 2008 through December 2009. Edelman examined 4 million of these posts to gain insights about the conversation’s sentiment and volume, as well as the key topics driving this discussion online.

Overall, the tone of the online

conversation about Energy and

Technology was quite positive, with a sentiment of 3.45 on a 5-point Likertscale.


KEY ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY TOPICS EXAMINED:

• Energy Efficiency

• Technology and Innovation

• Alternatives and Renewables

However, changes in the sentiment occurred over the course of the 18-month period, with the most positive sentiment occurring during spring

2009.

The conversation volume also changed over time, with the highest level of

conversation happening in late

summer 2008 and again at the end of 2009.

Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency: Reducing the amount of energy needed to perform a process, from heating a home to powering a factory.

Fuel Efficiency: Efficiency of a particular vehicle measured by its total output (e.g., mileage) in comparison to amount of input (e.g., fuel). Also related to fuel economy indicated by miles per gallon (mpg) or kilometers per liter (km/L).

Energy Conservation: Reduction of energy consumption.

Energy Efficiency Policy: Local, state and national policies designed to reduce the amount of energy used through incentives, tax credits and other policy mechanisms.

Fuel Efficiency Policy: Regulations and legislation at the local, state and national levels, such as emissions performance standards, that are used to set new thresholds in emission control technology.


Energy and TechnologyTopics Explored in the Online Conversation


Deepwater: Exploring and producing oil and gas off the coastline in water depths of1,000 ft or more.

Energy Technologies: Technological processes or innovations associated with producing energy.

Fuel Cell: An electrochemical cell that combines a fuel source (e.g., hydrogen) with an oxidant (e.g., water) to produce an electrical current, commonly used to power vehicles.

Directional Drilling: Drilling nonvertical wells that can extract oil and natural gas from a single point across a vast territory.

Gas-to-Liquids (GTL): Converting gaseous compounds into hydrocarbon-based liquids such as gasoline.

Intercropping: Energy industry’s adoption of the agricultural practice of growing one crop between the rows of another crop of a separate source; commonly used to harvest biomass.

Steamflooding: Enhanced oil recovery process of injecting steam into heavy-oil reservoirs to heat the crude oil underground, reducing its viscosity and allowing its extraction through wells.

Technology and Innovation, continued

Energy Innovation: Advancements made in the development of energy sources.

Gasification: Producing gas from coal in order to convert it into transportation fuels like gasoline or diesel.

Solar-to-Steam: Generation of steam from captured sunlight to carry out heavy oil extraction.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Liquid form of natural gas for easier storage and/or transportation of natural gas to markets.

Exploration and Development: Exploratory ventures and developments of energy resources.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Family of technologies that provide capture and storage of carbon dioxide emissions in deep geological formations.

Carbon Capture: Capturing and compressing of carbon dioxide in the CCS process.

Carbon Sequestration: Geo-engineering technique used for the long-term storage of carbon dioxide.


Energy and TechnologyTopics Explored in the Online Conversation, continued

Cleantech: Energy products and services that increase efficiency while reducing costs, energy consumption and environmental impact.

Hydraulic fracturing: Recovery of natural gas and oil from rock formations deep below the earth’s surface through the injection of fluid pressure into targeted fractures in the rock. This creates a path between the reservoir to the well, increasing the amount of oil and natural gas that can be recovered.

Seismic Imaging/Visualization: 3-D imaging of subsurface geology that helps petroleum engineers identify possible oil– and gas–bearing formations. The images show a reservoir at different stages of depletion, allowing engineers to improve recovery and produce resources more efficiently.

Enhanced Oil Recovery: Technologies such as thermal recovery or gas injection that can be used to increase the amount of oil that can be extracted from an oil field.

Energy and TechnologyTopics Explored in the Online Conversation, continued


Biofuels: Fuels produced from renewable biological resources, including vegetable oil– and animal fat–based diesel fuels.

Ethanol: Flammable, colorless liquid that can be used as a fuel or fuel additive.

Alternatives and Renewables: Nontraditional sources of energy and those that can be produced from naturally replenishing resources, such as solar, wind or wave power.

Geothermal: A source of energy that is generated by extracting heat from the earth.

Solar: Generation of electricity from sunlight.

Wind: Power of wind converted into a usable form of energy that can be harnessed to produce electricity.

Hydrogen: Generating power from hydrogen and fuel cells, which are electrochemical cells that generate electricity through the reactions between hydrogen and water.

Nuclear: Energy produced from controlled nuclear reactions.

Ocean: Energy generation through the movement of ocean surface waves.

Algae: Use of the photosynthetic organism algae to create a biofuel by converting carbon dioxide and sunlight into oxygen and biomass.

Cellulosic Ethanol: Biofuel produced from wood, grasses or nonedible plant parts.

Corn-Based Ethanol: Form of ethanol produced from corn through industrial fermentation and distillation.

Nonfood Biofuels: Ethanol produced from nonfood crops for waste biomass, such as the stalks of wheat and wood.

Biohydrocarbons: Fuel source produced by mixing biomass feedstock of plants with hydrogen and another chemical catalyst.

Clean Energy: Energy sources that do not pollute when used.


Energy and TechnologyVolume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Energy Efficiency



Chart 3.1


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

The Alternatives and Renewables conversation had the highest volume of conversation among the key Energy and Technology topics. Energy Efficiency was the most positive in sentiment.

Energy Technologies was the largest conversation, followed by Solar and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).

2.74%

7.81%

6.28%

5.80%

4.42%

5.91%

0.27%

13.11%

7.30%

0.45%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%

Biofuels

Solar

Wind

Nuclear

Energy Efficiency

Energy Conservation

Deepwater

Energy Technologies

Liquefied Natural Gas

Carbon Capture


Energy and TechnologyVolume of Online Conversations

Chart 3.2


Percentage of Online Conversations About Energy and Technology – 12.8 Million Total

10 of 39 Energy and Technology Subtopics

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Biofuels


Energy Efficiency was the most favorable conversation, followed by Solar and Wind. Nuclear was the most negative.

Posi

tive

Neg

ativ

e

Category

Net

Sentiment

NeutralVolume

Solar Wind Nuclear Energy Efficiency

Conservation Deepwater Energy Technologies


Carbon Capture

10,971

35,016 32,832

20,903

40,681

4,904355

21,75410,053 847

– 6,097– 13,607

– 17,529

– 37,806

– 7,831 – 7,408– 104

– 15,505– 7,795

– 511

-50,000-40,000-30,000-20,000-10,000

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,000

Energy and TechnologyNet Sentiment and Sentiment Volume of Online Conversations

Chart 3.3


10 of 39 Energy and Technology Subtopics

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Sen

tim

en

t V

olu

me*

3.39 3.68 3.45 2.59 3.96 2.68 3.79 3.18 3.20 3.38

159,819 314,486 334,650 269,874 269,166 81,722 6,512 336,253 89,458 10,113

*Number of positive, negative and neutral posts rated by the SM2 social media monitoring tool

Energy and TechnologySentiment Trends of Online Conversations


10 of 39 Energy and

Technology Subtopics

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

Biofuels 3.19 3.33 3.54 3.43 3.48 3.35

Solar 3.72 3.76 3.66 3.83 3.87 3.53

Wind 3.34 3.66 3.42 3.78 3.47 3.04

Nuclear 2.42 2.47 2.30 2.82 2.85 2.45

Energy Efficiency 4.08 3.52 4.03 4.01 4.05 4.05

Energy Conservation 2.60 2.49 2.83 2.62 2.72 2.72

Deepwater 3.88 3.60 4.05 3.79 3.92 3.58

Energy Technologies 3.29 2.96 3.33 3.38 3.28 3.08

Liquefied Natural Gas 2.69 3.13 3.08 3.12 2.91 3.38

Carbon Capture 2.91 3.23 2.92 3.34 3.16 3.54

Chart 3.4


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

PositiveNegative


The online conversation about Energy Technologies was mostly positive, with the exception of Nuclear and Energy Conservation being negative.







0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Fuel Efficiency Policy

Fuel EfficiencyEnergy Conservation

Energy Efficiency Policy

Energy Efficiency

Chart 3.5

Energy and TechnologyEnergy Efficiency: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Online conversations around Fuel Efficiency and Energy Efficiency were high in volume and positive in sentiment.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

Energy EfficiencyFuel EfficiencyEnergy ConservationEnergy Efficiency PolicyFuel Efficiency Policy


Energy and TechnologyEnergy Efficiency: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

Energy Efficiency

Chart 3.6

Conversations about Energy Efficiency peaked in the fourth quarter of 2009, tripling in volume compared with the third quarter of 2009.






0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Exploration and Development


Innovation

Chart 3.7

Energy Technologies

AHydraulic Fracturing

Energy and TechnologyTechnology and Innovation: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations

B

CD

E

H

F GI J KL

M

N

A. Directional DrillingB. Carbon and SequestrationC. Solar-to-SteamD. Carbon CaptureE. IntercroppingF. Hydraulic FracturingG. GasificationH. Fuel CellI. Gas-to-LiquidsJ. DeepwaterK. Seismic Visual/ImagingL. SteamfloodingM. CleantechN. Oil Recovery


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

The majority of Technology and Innovation subtopics had a low volume of conversation with a positive sentiment.

020,00040,00060,00080,000

100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,000220,000240,000260,000280,000300,000320,000340,000360,000380,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

Energy TechnologiesInnovationFuel CellLiquefied Natural GasExploration and Development


Energy and TechnologyTechnology and Innovation: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

Technology and Innovation*

Chart 3.8

Technology and Innovation subtopics had a similar online conversation volume trend throughout the 18-month period, decreasing in volume at the end of 2008 and then increasing in 2009.

*Five of 19 subtopics about Technology and Innovation

Energy and TechnologyAlternatives and Renewables: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Ethanol

Nuclear

Solar

Wind


Geothermal

Chart 3.9

Biofuels Clean Energy

Hydrogen

Nonfood BiofuelsCellulosic EthanolAlgae

Corn-Based Ethanol

Biohydrocarbons

Ocean


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

The majority of subtopics had a low volume of conversation with a positive sentiment.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

220,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

EthanolAlternatives and RenewablesSolarWindNuclear


Energy and TechnologyAlternatives and Renewables: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

Alternatives and Renewables*

Chart 3.10

Ethanol dropped in online conversation volume from the third quarter of 2008 to the first quarter of 2009 and remained fairlyflat for the remainder of the year.

*Five of 15 subtopics about Alternatives and Renewables

Energy and TechnologySample of Influencers Active in the Online Conversation



AutoblogGreen http://www.autobloggreen.comAutoblogGreen is a blog devoted to the discussion of green automotive technology.

Cleantech Blog http://www.cleantechblog.com/Cleantech Blog writes about news and technology relating to energy, the environment and climate change.

CleanTechnica http://cleantechnica.com/CleanTechnica is an online destination for conversation about clean energy technology.

Earth2Tech http://www.earth2tech.comEarth2Tech is a blog focused on clean technology, automotive, and environmental-friendly technology policy.

EcoGeek http://www.ecogeek.comEcoGeek covers issues lying at the cross-section between energy and technology.

Gas 2.0 http://gas2.org/Gas 2.0 is dedicated to the sharing of ideas, solutions and information for moving beyond petroleum-based fuels.

GreenTech Media http://www.greentechmedia.com/

GreenTech Media is a site targeting green businesses and entrepreneurs with "daily news and market analysis about the end-to-end cleantechmarket" including solar, smart grid and other emerging energy sectors.

Renewable Energy World http://www.renewableenergyworld.com

RenewableEnergyWorld supplies insights and information about the renewable energy industry, with specific interest in products, businesses and services.

Sustainablog www.sustainablog.orgSustainablog aims at connecting people, companies, technology, and ideas around the movement toward a more sustainable future.

The Daily Green http://www.thedailygreen.com/

The Daily Green offers online visitors daily access to eco-friendly news and trends, advocating the importance of living green and finding energy-efficient solutions.

http://www.autobloggreen.com/

http://www.cleantechblog.com/

http://cleantechnica.com/

http://www.earth2tech.com/

http://www.earth2tech.com/

http://www.ecogeek.com/

http://gas2.org/

http://www.greentechmedia.com/

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/

http://www.sustainablog.org/

http://www.thedailygreen.com/



ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Energy and EnvironmentSummary of the Online Conversation

There were more than 10 million posts

about Energy and Environment from July 2008 through December 2009. Climate Change made up two-thirds of the conversation about Energy and Environment during the 18-month period, with 6.4 million posts.

The volume of online discussion was

highest during the final quarter of 2009, when the discussion of Environmental Policy, Global Warming and Copenhagen peaked.

While the online conversation about Environment, Resources and Policy

was positive (3.15), the discussion of Climate Change was quite negative (2.39).


KEY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT TOPICS EXAMINED:

• Environment, Resources and Policy

• Climate Change

Among the Environment, Resources and Policy subtopics, Sustainability was the

most positive in sentiment (3.84).

Ten of the 13 subtopics related to

Climate Change were negative in sentiment, with online conversation about the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Carbon being the most negative, followed closely by discussions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Environment, Resources and Policy

Sustainability: Sustaining the supply of various energy resources with minimal effects on the environment.

Environment and Oil: The environment and oil in either a refined or unrefined state.

Environment and Gas: The environment and natural gas.

Environment and Alternatives: The environment and alternative energy sources, including solar, wind and geothermal.

Environment and Clean Energy: The environment and nonpolluting resources such as nuclear power.

Environmental Policy: Environmental policy, legislation and regulations at the local, state, national and international levels.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and

Energy: Energy issues related to the EPA, the federal agency that sets and enforces rules and standards to protect the environment.


Energy and Environment Topics Explored in the Online Conversation

Climate Change

Greenhouse Gas (GHG): Encompasses any of the gases whose absorption of solar radiation is responsible for the atmospheric heating phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.

Carbon Tax: An environmental tax on carbon dioxide emissions that could be implemented by taxing the burning of fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil) to raise revenues and increase the competitiveness of noncarbon technologies.

Cap-and-Trade: An administrative approach to controlling emissions by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC): An intergovernmental body tasked with evaluating the risk of climate change. The panel was established in 1988 by two organizations under the United Nations.

Kyoto: The Kyoto Protocol, aimed at combating climate change; initially adopted on December 11, 2007, in Kyoto, Japan.

Energy and EnvironmentTopics Explored in the Online Conversation, continued

Climate Change, continued

Emission Control: Standards and regulations controlling the amount of pollutants released into the environment by motor vehicles, industry facilities and smaller power equipment such as tractors.

Low Carbon Fuel: Lower carbon-emitting fuels, including some alternative fuels or natural gas.

Climate and Energy: Energy sources, in relation to climate change.

Global Warming and Global Cooling: Changes in the earth's average atmospheric temperature and corresponding changes in climate.

Climate Policy: Legislation designed to regulate the emissions of greenhouse gas emissions.

Copenhagen: Commonly referred to as the Copenhagen summit, the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark December 7–18. Global leaders met to negotiate a framework for climate change mitigation around the world.

AB32: California’s climate law, formally known as the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, that established a timetable to bring California into near compliance with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol. Enforced by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), the law requires a plan to reduce the state's greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.

EPA and Carbon: In 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the EPA has the right to regulate the emission of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act “unless it is able to provide a scientific reason for not doing so.” The EPA exercised its authority on December 7, 2009, when it publicly finalized an “Endangerment Finding” on greenhouse gases.


Energy and EnvironmentVolume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Environment, Resources and Policy

Climate Change

Chart 4.1


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Climate Change had a higher level of online conversation volume than Environment, Resources and Policy, but the sentiment of the conversation was negative.

5.11%

7.04%

7.94%

12.23%

1.16%

4.32%

1.70%

3.37%

25.81%

10.30%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Sustainability

Environment and Oil

Environment and Alternatives

Environmental Policy

Carbon Tax

Cap-and-Trade

IPCC*

Copenhagen

Global Warming and Cooling

Climate Policy


Energy and EnvironmentVolume of Online Conversations

Chart 4.2


10 of 20 Energy and Environment Subtopics

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Percentage of Online Conversations About Energy and Environment – 10.3 Million Total

Global Warming and Cooling had the highest percentage of the conversation volume among Energy and Environment subtopics, followed by Environmental Policy.

*Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Sustainability


Among Energy and Environment subtopics, Sustainability was the most favorable conversation, with a net sentiment of 3.84. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was the most negative, with a net sentiment of 2.17.

Posi

tive

Neg

ativ

e

Category

Net

Sentiment

NeutralVolume

Environment and Oil

Environment and

Alternatives


Carbon Tax

Cap-and-Trade IPCC** Copenhagen Global Warming and Cooling

Climate Policy

10,778 9,044 7,791 4,258 1,244 8,5471,172

18,00843,264

5,815

– 2,343 – 13,182 – 1,974 – 4,803 – 2,766– 16,667

– 5,184

– 47,924

– 108,295

– 12,714

-120,000-100,000-80,000-60,000-40,000-20,000

020,00040,00060,000

Energy and EnvironmentNet Sentiment and Sentiment Volume of Online Conversations

Chart 4.3


Sen

tim

en

t V

olu

me*

3.84 2.72 3.77 2.91 2.51 2.48 2.17 2.34 2.32 2.49

99,785 159,728 73,169 82,321 17,611 95,715 75,824 387,747 513,398 116,083

10 of 20 Energy and Environment Subtopics

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

*Number of positive, negative and neutral posts rated by the SM2 social media monitoring tool**Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Energy and EnvironmentSentiment Trends of Online Conversations


10 of 20 Energy and

Environment Subtopics

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

Sustainability 3.80 3.68 3.87 3.87 3.81 3.85

Environment and Oil 2.86 2.74 2.93 2.63 2.80 2.67

Environment and Alternatives

3.52 3.69 3.58 3.76 3.89 3.80

Environmental Policy 2.97 3.22 3.13 2.95 2.97 2.85

Carbon Tax 2.30 2.68 2.46 2.79 2.83 1.76

Cap-and-Trade 3.23 2.94 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.22

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

2.00 1.96 2.13 1.86 1.82 2.26

Copenhagen 2.98 3.19 3.81 3.28 2.85 2.29


2.36 2.28 2.52 2.39 2.33 2.27

Climate Policy 2.48 2.79 2.72 2.61 2.61 2.41

Chart 4.4

July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

PositiveNegative


Conversation about Sustainability and Environment and Alternatives was positive throughout the 18-month period.


Energy and EnvironmentEnvironment, Resources and Policy: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations






0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Environment and AlternativesEnvironment and Oil

EPA* and Energy

Environment and Gas

Sustainability

Chart 4.5

Environment and Clean Energy



Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Environment and Alternatives was the only positive, high-volume subtopic of conversation in the Environment, Resources and Energy category.

*Environmental Protection Agency

020,00040,00060,00080,000

100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,000220,000240,000260,000280,000300,000320,000340,000360,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

SustainabilityEnvironment and OilEnvironment and AlternativesEnvironmental PolicyEPA** and Energy


Energy and EnvironmentEnvironment, Resources and Policy: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

Environment, Resources and Policy*

Environmental Policy had a sharp increase in conversation volume from the third to fourth quarter of 2009.

Chart 4.6*Five of seven subtopics about Environment, Resources and Policy

**Environmental Protection Agency






0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Climate Policy Climate and Energy


Cap-and-Trade

Carbon Tax

Energy and EnvironmentClimate Change: Volume and Net Sentiment of Online Conversations

Greenhouse GasesKyoto

IPCC*Copenhagen

EPA** and Carbon A B C

A. Low-Carbon FuelB. AB32C. Emission Control


Volume of Online

Conversations


July 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

Global Warming and Cooling had a higher level of online conversation volume than all other Climate Change subtopics.

Chart 4.7 *Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change**Environmental Protection Agency

030,00060,00090,000

120,000150,000180,000210,000240,000270,000300,000330,000360,000390,000420,000450,000480,000510,000540,000570,000600,000

3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09

On

lin

e C

on

ve

rsa

tio

n V

olu

me

Greenhouse GasesCap-and-TradeClimate and EnergyGlobal Warming and CoolingClimate Policy


Energy and EnvironmentClimate Change: Volume Trend of Online Conversations

Climate Change*

There was a fluctuation in conversation volume for Global Warming and Cooling over the 18-month period. The volume of conversation about Climate Policy and Climate and Energy increased from 4Q08 through 4Q09.

Chart 4.8

*Five of 13 subtopics about Climate Change

Energy and EnvironmentSample of Influencers Active in the Online Conversation



Climate Progress http://climateprogress.org/Climate Progress is an online destination for the progressive discussion of climate science, solutions and politics.

Environmental Leader http://www.environmentalleader.comEnvironmental Leader is a top online destination for conversation about consumerism and the environment.

Green Car Congress http://www.greencarcongress.comGreen Car Congress is a leading online resource for the discussion of sustainable mobility.

Green Inc. (NYTimes) http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/

Green Inc. is NYTimes.com's sustainability blog dedicated to conversation about the environment and the impact of environmental policy on business.

Grist www.grist.org/Grist is a leading online resource for conversation about environmental policy.

Mother Nature Network http://mnn.com

Mother Nature Network (MNN) is an environmental Web site devoted to providing news and information covering a broad scope of environmental and social responsibility issues.

Sustainablog http://sustainablog.org/Sustainablog is an online resource with conversations that help guide consumers to make environment-friendly choices.

TreeHugger http://www.treehugger.comTreehugger is a sustainability blog that is a central online resource for a gamut of green news, solutions and information.

Triple Pundit http://www.triplepundit.comTriple Pundit centers on issues at the intersection of business and sustainability.

Worldchanging http://www.worldchanging.comWorldchanging provides its visitors with ideas, models and new tools for building a green future.

http://climateprogress.org/

http://www.environmentalleader.com/

http://www.greencarcongress.com/

http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/

http://www.grist.org/

http://mnn.com/

http://sustainablog.org/

http://www.treehugger.com/

http://www.triplepundit.com/

http://www.worldchanging.com/


Join the Online Conversation About Energy

The Chevron Pulse Report(TM) is © 2010 Chevron Corporation. All rights reserved. Chevron hereby grants to any person a royalty-free license to copy the Report in whole or in part.Your license is conditioned upon providing attribution to Chevron (e.g. “Source: Chevron Pulse Report, Q1 2010 Edition”).

Quarterly updates of the Chevron Pulse Report will be published at: http://www.chevronpulsereport.com

To join the online conversation about energy, visit: http://www.willyoujoinus.com

To find out more about Chevron online or to engage with us, visit: Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/chevron or @chevron Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/chevron YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/chevron LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/companies/chevron Website: http://www.chevron.com

For questions about the report, or to get an alert when the report is updated, please email us at: [email protected]

http://www.chevronpulsereport.com/

http://www.chevron.com/pulsereport

http://www.willyoujoinus.com/

http://www.twitter.com/chevron

http://twitter.com/chevron

http://www.facebook.com/chevron

http://www.youtube.com/user/chevron

http://www.linkedin.com/companies/chevron

http://www.chevron.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Chevron Pulse Report: July 2008 to December 2009

Technology

outer continental

chevron pulse

leading online

overview executive

julian date

online conversations

point likert

technology