Chest x ray

THE CHEST X-RAY

CONTENTS:•DENSITIES

•TECHNIQUES

•TECHNICAL FACTORS

•ANATOMY

•INTERPRETATION

•COMMON PATHOLOGIES

DENSITIES THE BIG TWO DENSITIES ARE:

(1) WHITE - BONE

(2) BLACK - AIR

THE OTHERS ARE:

(3) DARK GREY- FAT

(4) GREY- SOFT TISSUE

AND IF ANYTHING MAN-MADE IS ON THE FILM, IT IS:

(5) BRIGHT WHITE - MAN-MADE

DIFFERENT VIEWS

Standard views

1. Postero-anterior (P/A)

2. Lateral (right/left)

Additional views

1. Oblique view (ribs)

2. Apical lordotic view

3. Expiration view

4. Decubitus view

TECHNIQUES - PROJECTION•P-A (RELATION OF X-RAY BEAM TO PATIENT)

TECHNIQUES PROJECTION •LATERAL DECUBITUS

TECHNICAL DETAILS

•PROJECTION

•ORIENTATION

•ROTATION

•INSPIRATION/EXPIRATION

•PENETRATION

AP VS PAProjection

ORIENTATION

ROTATION

ROTATION

Penetration

?

ANATOMY

LOBES• RIGHT UPPER LOBE:

• RIGHT MIDDLE LOBE:

• RIGHT LOWER LOBE:

• LEFT LOWER LOBE:

• LEFT UPPER LOBE WITH LINGULA:

HILUM THIS RESULTS FROM THE SUPERIOR PULMONARY VEIN CROSSING THE LOWER LOBE PULMONARY ARTERY.

THE POINT OF INTERSECTION IS KNOWN AS THE HILAR POINT.

BOTH HILAR SHOULD BE CONCAVE.

BOTH HILAR SHOULD BE OF SIMILAR DENSITY.

HILUM

LATERAL CXR

REPORTING:• WRITTEN INFORMATION ON IMAGE

(NAME, GENDER, DATE, MARKER)

• LUNGS

• HEART

• MEDIASTINUM AND HILA

• CP ANGLES

• BONES

• SOFT TISSUES

• BELOW THE DIAPHRAGM

?

IDENTIFY THE LESION → LOCALISE THE LESION → DESCRIBE THE LESION → GIVE DD

NEVER STOP LOOKING, CARRY ON WITH YOUR SYSTEMATIC APPROACH!!

PATHOLOGY

THANK YOU