ChemLive Lesson 3.06 Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures
Dec 18, 2015
ChemLive
Lesson 3.06 Covalent Bonding and Lewis
Structures
Lesson 3.06 Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures
• What do you already know?
• What are you here to learn?
Have your paper, pencil, calculator, and Periodic Table ready. . .
Objectives
• After completing this lesson, you will be able to:• Determine how atoms will covalently bond
together based on location on the periodic table.
• Draw Lewis structures to model covalently bonded molecules.
Valence Electrons
• How many valence electrons?
Covalent Bonding
• Nonmetals share electrons to complete an octet (or duet):– Oxygen needs 2 for an octet– Hydrogen need 1 for a duet
Covalent Bonding
• How many bonds are formed?
Multiple Bonds
• If more electrons are needed, multiple pairs can be shared.– Oxygen shares twopairs for a double bond
Multiple Bonds
• Multiple bonds are stronger and shorter:
Review
• Ionic bonds exist as formula units – electrons are transferred (Na+ or O2-) between a metal and a nonmetal
• Covalent bonds form molecules – electrons are shared (NO2) between nonmetals
• Polyatomic ions are groups of covalently bonded atoms with an ionic charge (CO3
2-)
Lewis Structures
• Steps– 1. Least electronegative element in the center– 2. Calculate total valence electrons– 3. Write skeleton structure– 4. Complete valence electrons– 5. Compare totals– 6. Distribute electrons
Lewis Structures
• CO2
– 1. C– 2. 4 + 2(6) = 16– 3. – 4. erase 4 around C– 5. 20 – 4 = 16 move electrons to– 6. form double bonds
Lewis Structures
• HCN– 1. C– 2. 1 + 4 + 5 = 10– 3. – 4. erase 4 around C– 5. 14 – 4 = 10 move electrons to– 6. form a triple bond
Lewis Structures
• NH4+
– 1. N– 2. 5 + 4(1) -1 = 8– 3.
– 4. done– 5. 8
Lewis Structures
• H2O– 1.– 2.– 3.– 4.– 5.– 6.
Lewis Structures
• NH3
– 1.– 2.– 3.– 4.– 5.– 6.
Lewis Structures
• CH4
– 1.– 2.– 3.– 4.– 5.– 6.
Activity
Pre-Lab Research
Virtual Lab
Virtual Lab
Submit
Educator students
Blackboard students: Virtual Lab or hands-on lab
3.06B Intermolecular Forces
Educator: Submit into 4.12 Blackboard: Do the virtual lab or this one
3.06B Intermolecular Forces
Water
Ammonia
Methane
Carbon Dioxide
3.06B Intermolecular Forces
SubmitEducator: Submit into 4.12. Blackboard: if doing hands-on lab, submit into 3.06