Woudschoten, Chemieconferentie 2 en 3 november 2007 De ideale chemische fabriek: “… klein maar fijn” Jaap C. Schouten Capaciteitsgroep Chemische Reactortechnologie Faculteit Scheikundige Technologie TU Eindhoven (TU/e) [email protected]www.chem.tue.nl/scr “Procestechnologie” Fysische Chemie Thermodynamica Stromingsleer Fysische Transportverschijnselen Stof- en Warmteoverdracht Reactiekinetiek & Katalyse Chemische Reactortechnologie Scheidingstechnologie Proces- en Productontwerp Procesdynamica Procesregeling Process Systems Engineering Technische Bedrijfskunde Technologie Management Chemistry’s Cathedrales Chemische producten Poeders Vloeistoffen Producten Gassen … en nog veel meer
17
Embed
Chemistry’s Cathedrales Chemische producten · • Chemie is overal • Duurzaamheid (energie) •CO2 en klimaatbeheersing • Kleinschalige productie • Innovatiekracht van Europa
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Woudschoten, Chemieconferentie2 en 3 november 2007
De ideale chemische fabriek:“… klein maar fijn”
Jaap C. SchoutenCapaciteitsgroep Chemische Reactortechnologie
Verbeteringen met een factor 2 tot 5 zijn nodig binnen een tijdshorizon van 5-10 jaar
Technologische Doorbraken
”Green & Smart”
Statement
“Future leading European process technology will be based on a wide-spread implementation and use of intensified, high-precisionprocess equipment and devices, including corresponding adaptation of plant management, supply chain organization, logistics planning, and market and business models.”
Statement
“There exists a strong need to develop flexible, intensified, on-site production plants situated in Europe, highly integrated in the value chains and employed on a routine basis for numerous chemical process applications over a wide range of production scales.”
• Europe is world’s largest chemicals producer, exporter, importer, and consumer• Production (2004; excl. Pharma; 1.304 Trillion Euro):Europe 36%; USA 24%; Asia 13%; Japan 10%; China 8%
• Western-Europe is at the centre of technological innovation
• US and Europe own 70% of global intellectual property
• Benelux has the highest density of engineering institutes in the world• Benelux: 640,000 inhabitants per institute• Saudi Arabia: 5,000,000 inhabitants per institute• China: 24,000,000 inhabitants per institute
Of course (but …):• Europe’s economic growth rate below world average• wages significantly above world average• strict regulations & legislation• R&D investments too low• no sufficient innovative power
KennisOnderwijsOnderzoekInnovatie
The Staying Power of Europe’s Chemical Industry
The Staying Power of Europe’s Chemical Industry
The Staying Power of Europe’s Chemical Industry
The Staying Power of Europe’s Chemical Industry
“Bulk” to “Specialties”“Large Volume” to “High Added Value”
• manufacturing by micro-machiningin metal, silicon, polymers, glass, etc.
• deposition of catalytic active layer,anodic oxidation, sol-gel method, etc.
• integration with mixers, heat exchangers, membranes, etc.
• integration with sensors/actuators:temperature and flow sensors, gasanalysis, process monitoring
Functions of a (micro) reactor
• Enable the necessary reaction time
• guidance of flow with high precision – fast reactions• residence time set accurately - selectivity
• Remove or add heat
• large surface-to-volume ratio – intrinsic property• heat conduction - choice of reactor material
• Provide phase interfaces
• large surface-to-volume ratio - intrinsic property• mass and heat transfer – multiphase flow• catalysis – activity per unit volume
annularslug-annular
slug
bubbly
churn
Liqu
id s
upe
rfic
ial v
eloc
ity,
Gas superficial velocity,
Gas-liquid flow regimes in a microchannel (1 mm ID)
Multiphase Flow in Microchannels
100 μm
50 μm
45 mm
20 mm
8 mm
1 mm
“Smooth mixer”
Gas
Liquid
Liquid 1 mm
“T-mixer ”
Liquid
Liquid
Gas
Gas-liquid flow in a microchannel
Inlets Outlet
Hole for heating rod Glass chip
Window for viewingmixer and channel
InletsOutletH
ole forheating
rodGlass
chipWindow
forviewing
mixer and channel
Compression lid
O - ring
InletsO
utletGlass
chipod
Compression lid
O - ring
1 mm“Smooth mixer”GasLiquidLiquid1.mm“T-mixer ”LiquidLiquidGas(Note that the superficial gas velocity is given at 1 bar and 200C)10-110010110210310-210-1100101
Gas velocity (U g) [m/s]
Liqu
id v
eloc
ity (U
l) [m
/s]
• Taylor/Annular• Taylor/Ring• Annular • Taylor• Churn• Ring
10-1 100 101 102 10310-2
10-1
100
101
Ga
s
ve
lo
ci
ty
(
Ug)
[
m/
s]
Li
qu
id
v
el
oc
it
y
(U
l)
[m
/s
]•
Ta
yl
or
/A
nn
ul
ar•
Ta
yl
or
/R
in
g•
An
nu
la
r
•T
ay
lo
r•
Ch
ur
n•
Ri
ng
Gas-liqu
id flow in
a microch
ann
el
GL
Three regions for gas-liquid mass transfer:• directly from the bubble through the liquid film
• through the bubble caps to the liquid slug
• from the liquid slug through the liquid film
⎛ ⎞⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠gl gl
gls ls
-1
v s go s1
k ak a +k= a 1
a+
k
Reference:Kreutzer et al., PhD thesis, TU Delft, 2001
Taylor flow and Mass transfer
Channel diameter: 100 μm
Film layer: 4-5 μm
Film volume: 17%of channel volume
Controlled formulation of monodisperse double emulsions in a multiple-phase microfluidic system (Nisisako, 2005)
Micro Product Engineering
A micro-reactor for preparing uniform molecularly imprinted polymer beads (Zourob, 2005)
Micro Product Engineering
Polymer vesicles from double emulsions (Hayward, 2006)