Property of the Virginia Department of Education Copyright ©2015 by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Education, P.O. Box 2120, Richmond, Virginia 23218-2120. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may reproduce any portion of these released tests for non-commercial educational purposes without requesting permission. All others should direct their written requests to the Virginia Department of Education, Division of Student Assessment and School Improvement, at the above address or by e-mail to [email protected]. CHEMISTRY VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING TEST ITEM SET Released Spring 2015 2010 Science Standards of Learning
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Property of the Virginia Department of Education
Copyright ©2015 by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Education, P.O. Box 2120, Richmond, Virginia
23218-2120. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may
reproduce any portion of these released tests for non-commercial educational purposes without requesting permission.
All others should direct their written requests to the Virginia Department of Education, Division of Student Assessment
and School Improvement, at the above address or by e-mail to [email protected].
CHEMISTRY
VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING
TEST ITEM SET
Released Spring 2015
2010 Science Standards of Learning
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Make sure there are the same number of atoms on each side of the equation. Coefficients are used to balance.
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Independent variable - what is being tested, manipulated, in the experiment. (cause) Dependent variable - what is happening in the experiment or what is being measured. (effect)
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Look at what is changing and the response that is happening to determine variables.
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the constants are the things that are kept the same in the experiment.
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The experimental value is the measurement obtained in the lab. The actual value is the true measurement.
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Calculate percent error for this question
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experimental value - actual value /actual value x 100
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Probe - a sensor that is used in measuring.
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two substances react to make one.
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acid and base react to make water and salt
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an element gives away and electron and another takes
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the metals in two compounds switch places.
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oxidation number - number of electrons that are given by metals or taken by nonmetals to become stable and the resulting charge. Metals - positive (cations) Nonmetals - negative (anions)
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Molarity = moles/Liters
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Need to change mL to L by dividing by 1000. small to larger unit = smaller number (divide)
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Vaporization is a phase change so the temperature given is irrelevant.
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derived unit tells you to divide kJ by mole. kJ is given and moles can be converted from grams given.
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derived unit tells you to divide grams by ml.
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Density = mass/volume Directions indicate answer needs to be in the correct amount of significant digits. Multiply/divide - how many total sig figs in least precise measurement.
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Protons is the same as atomic number Electrons match protons as long as atom is neutral Neutrons is mass number - atomic number
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element switches place with element in compound
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two ionic compounds react
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one compound breaks down
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two substances react to produce a more complex substance
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Metals are positive and always written first in the formula of an ionic compound. Nonmetals are negative and always written second in the formula of an ionic compound.
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uses neutralization to determine concentration
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separation of ink into component colors
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removing a solid from a liquid mixture
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allowing the liquid to evaporate and leave the solid behind
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Figure out which of the choices would be the best practices to ensure that chemicals are free of contamination. Choose the answer that would not have an effect on contamination.
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Colligative property - adding a solute to any solvent will affect the boiling and freezing point of the solvent.
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Ionic compound
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more than two elements means that polyatomic ions are present.
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no prefixes are used in ionic naming
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polyatomic ions can not bond with nonmetals
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Molarity = moles per liter
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Use triangle to turn formula around.
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mole = Molarity x Liters
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Equilibrium - forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction.
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faster = not same rate
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faster = not same rate
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changing = not same
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constant = SAME
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Heat = mass x specific heat x change in temperature
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specific heat derived units indicate how to solve problem.
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acids - pH = 0 to 6.9 neutral - pH = 7 bases - pH = 7.1 to 14
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The closer to neutral would be weaker substances. The farther away from neutral would be stronger substances.
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Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetals only. Fluorine is a nonmetal so look for the only other nonmetal. Periodic table on SOL shows locations of metals and nonmetals.
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Evaporation occurs when heat is added to a liquid to make it change into a gas. The heat has to be strong enough to pull the molecules away from each other.
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Balance the equation. Coefficients tell the number of moles present.
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Diagram shows the particle is being pushed from the negative end and attracted to the positive end.
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Looking for the reaction that has the correct number of molecules as the balanced equation represents.
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balance equation first
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Note that when air is pumped out the pressure will decrease. Decrease in pressure = decrease in b.p.
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Period = horizontal row on the periodic table
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known = molecules change molecules to moles Avogadros number = 6.022 x 10
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Fe = iron, iron is a transition metal so it needs a Roman numeral Criss cross subscripts back up to get oxidation number Check nonmetals oxidation number to make sure reduction did not occur
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Charles Law = an increase in temperature will cause an increase in volume Change Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273
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Catalyst - speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering amount of energy needed to start the reaction. Organic - found in living things
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activation energy - energy needed to start the reaction
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Mole is not a unit in the question so it is a two step problem. convert grams to moles using molar mass convert moles to volume using 22.4 L
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standard temperature and pressure - clue you will use molar volume.
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Keep polyatomic ions together when balancing
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Boyle's Law - increase in volume will cause a decrease in pressure
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Precision means that the measurements were close to each other. Actual value is irrelevant here Actual is only needed to determine accuracy
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adjacent - side by side select three elements side by side add their atomic numbers and divide by three
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empirical formula represents the smallest whole number ratio of a molecule (covalent compound) reduce all subscript to lowest possible ratio
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Prefix tells what that elements subscript is Always use capital letters to represent elements di = 2 ; tri = 3
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ionic compound
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Aluminum is not a transition metal and always has 3 valence electrons so a roman numeral is not necessary. Ionic compounds do not use prefixes
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Chemical equation is provided so a molar ratio is going to be used. Given unit is in moles and desired unit is in moles so this is one step. Conversion factors will always have the given unit/substance on the bottom and the desired unit/substance on the top.
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Oxygen in more electronegative so it will pull on the electrons more
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Alcohols contain a OH group and the oxygen is more electronegative so it pulls on the electrons more.
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Double bond makes carbon pull on electrons more
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one trial will give you results but an error could have been made and you would not know that with one trial.
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Acid and base neutralize each other to produce water and a salt
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Base will have a pH higher than 7 Electrolyte is an ionic compound that will conduct electricity Weak electrolyte means it does not conduct electricity well so the light would be dimmer.
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Don't over think this!! Look at the total mass of the isotope and see how long it takes for half of it to break down
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Bromine is a nonmetal so two nonmetals bonded represent a covalent compound
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nonpolar- share electrons equally polar - unequal sharing of electrons
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metallic - metal and metal (not true bonding)
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ionic - metal and nonmetal
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independent variable - what is being tested or manipulated? different is a key word here
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First determine density (remember that the derived unit can help you) Then subtract the calculated density from the accepted density and divide by the accepted density and multiply by 100.
Sequence Number
Item Type: Multiple Choice
(MC) or Technology-Enhanced Item (TEI)
Correct Answer Reporting Category Reporting Category Description
1 MC C 001 Scientific Investigation2 MC B 001 Scientific Investigation3 MC D 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 4 TEI Typed Response: -2 OR 2- 002 Atomic Structure and Periodic Relationships
5 MC C 004 Molar Relationships 6 MC C 005 Phases of Matter and Kinetic Molecular Theory
ChemistryReleased Test Item Set Spring 2015
Answer Key
Chemistry Page 1
Sequence Number
Item Type: Multiple Choice
(MC) or Technology-Enhanced Item (TEI)
Correct Answer Reporting Category Reporting Category Description
7 TEI Typed response: .806 OR 0.806 001 Scientific Investigation
8 MC B 002 Atomic Structure and Periodic Relationships9 MC A 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions
10 MC C 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 11 MC C 001 Scientific Investigation12 MC A 001 Scientific Investigation13 MC D 005 Phases of Matter and Kinetic Molecular Theory14 MC A 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions
Chemistry Page 2
Sequence Number
Item Type: Multiple Choice
(MC) or Technology-Enhanced Item (TEI)
Correct Answer Reporting Category Reporting Category Description
15 TEI Typed Response: 1, 1., 1.3, 1.32, 1.33, 1.4, 2, OR 2.One of the answers is shown below.
004 Molar Relationships
16 MC B 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 17 MC A 005 Phases of Matter and Kinetic Molecular Theory18 MC B 004 Molar Relationships 19 MC A 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 20 MC D 005 Phases of Matter and Kinetic Molecular Theory21 MC C 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 22 MC B 002 Atomic Structure and Periodic Relationships23 MC D 004 Molar Relationships 24 MC C 005 Phases of Matter and Kinetic Molecular Theory
Chemistry Page 3
Sequence Number
Item Type: Multiple Choice
(MC) or Technology-Enhanced Item (TEI)
Correct Answer Reporting Category Reporting Category Description
25 TEI These answers, and only these answers, must be selected:Germanium (second box from left); Arsenic (fourth box from left); Gallium (fifth box from left)
002 Atomic Structure and Periodic Relationships
26 MC B 004 Molar Relationships 27 MC D 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions
Chemistry Page 4
Sequence Number
Item Type: Multiple Choice
(MC) or Technology-Enhanced Item (TEI)
Correct Answer Reporting Category Reporting Category Description
28 TEI Typed Response: 130, 130., 137, 137., 137.5, 137.6, 138, 138., 140, OR 140.One of the answers is shown below.
005 Phases of Matter and Kinetic Molecular Theory
29 MC C 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 30 MC A 004 Molar Relationships 31 MC B 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 32 MC D 005 Phases of Matter and Kinetic Molecular Theory33 MC D 001 Scientific Investigation34 MC A 002 Atomic Structure and Periodic Relationships35 MC B 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions
Chemistry Page 5
Sequence Number
Item Type: Multiple Choice
(MC) or Technology-Enhanced Item (TEI)
Correct Answer Reporting Category Reporting Category Description
36 TEI The symbols must be placed in the correct order from left to right:B; 2; O; 3
003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions
37 MC D 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 38 MC B 004 Molar Relationships 39 MC A 002 Atomic Structure and Periodic Relationships40 MC C 001 Scientific Investigation41 MC B 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions
Chemistry Page 6
Sequence Number
Item Type: Multiple Choice
(MC) or Technology-Enhanced Item (TEI)
Correct Answer Reporting Category Reporting Category Description
42 MC D 004 Molar Relationships 43 MC B 002 Atomic Structure and Periodic Relationships44 MC A 003 Chemical Formulas and Reactions 45 MC A 001 Scientific Investigation46 MC D 001 Scientific Investigation
Chemistry Page 7
868946 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D E Printed in the USA ISD6978
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