Chemistry of Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Fats, and Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins Proteins What does it What does it mean to be an mean to be an organic organic molecule? molecule? Contains at least Contains at least carbon and carbon and hydrogen. hydrogen.
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Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsFats, and Proteins
What does it mean What does it mean to be an organic to be an organic molecule?molecule? Contains at least Contains at least
carbon and carbon and hydrogen.hydrogen.
What is a Chemical What is a Chemical Formula?Formula?
List the elements and how many (Ex. List the elements and how many (Ex. HH22O). O). What is the chemical formula of
butane?C4H10
What is a Structural What is a Structural Formula?Formula?
Provides position Provides position and orientation.and orientation.
Glucose and fructose are isomers. Any guesses what an “isomer” is?Isomers – same chemical formula, different structural formula
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Which elements?Which elements?
Any particular Any particular ratio?ratio?
C, H, O2 H : 1 O
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates What are the building What are the building
blocks?blocks?“Monosaccharides” or “simple sugars”
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates What are the What are the
functions in a living functions in a living organism?organism?
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
ENERGY; STRUCTURE
Glucose, sucrose, starch (plant storage), glycogen (animal storage), cellulose (plant cell walls), chitin (insects)
LipidsLipids Which elements?Which elements?
Any particular Any particular ratio?ratio?
C, H, OLots H : very few O
LipidsLipids What are the building What are the building
blocks?blocks?1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
glycerol
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Monounsaturated fat
C | C | C
LipidsLipids What are the What are the
functions in a living functions in a living organism?organism?
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
ENERGY RESERVES; CELL MEMBRANES; INSULATION
Fats, oils, waxes
ProteinsProteins Which elements?Which elements?
Any particular Any particular ratio?ratio?
C, H, O, N, S
No
ProteinsProteins What are the building What are the building
blocks?blocks?Amino Acids
ProteinsProteins What are the What are the
functions in a living functions in a living organism?organism?
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Many different functions
Feathers, spider webs, wool, silk, fingernails, hair, enzymes, antibodies, muscle.
How are organic molecules added How are organic molecules added together?together?
Glucose – C H O 6 12 6
Fructose – +
C H O 6 12 6
C H O 12 22 11
? What’s missing?
Sucrose –
What is a condensation What is a condensation reaction? reaction?
Combining organic molecules Combining organic molecules requires the loss of water.requires the loss of water.
What is hydrolysis?What is hydrolysis? Separating organic molecules Separating organic molecules
requires adding water back.requires adding water back.
When two sugars are added When two sugars are added together, what is produced?together, what is produced?
A disaccharideA disaccharide
When three or more sugars are When three or more sugars are added together, what is added together, what is
produced?produced?
PolysaccharidePolysaccharide
Carbohydrates - Carbohydrates - SaccharidesSaccharides
Uses:Uses:
Glucose = quick energyGlucose = quick energy
Glycogen = animal Glycogen = animal starch; stored energystarch; stored energy
Plant starch = stored Plant starch = stored energy for plantsenergy for plants
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