7/23/2019 Chemistry Full English http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chemistry-full-english 1/17 Green House Gases: 1) Water Vapour 2) Carbon dioxide 3) Methane 4) Nitrous Oxide 5) Ozone 6) CFCs My favourite gases: 1) Methane 2) Ethane 3) Propane 4) Butane Name Gases: 1) Laughing gas: N 2 O 2) Water gas: H 2 + CO 3) Coal gas: Mixture of many hydrocarbons 4) Tear gas: Chloropicrin, CN, CR, CS, Pepper-spray etc. 5) Acid rain: Oxides of Sulfur or Nitrogen + Water = HNO 3 + H 2 SO 4 6) Gobar gas (bio gas): CH 4 + CO + H 2 + CO 2 + SO 2 7) Bhopal Gas Tragedy : Methyl Isocynate Atomic Structure Proton: Charge (+ve) Mass Element Neutron: Mass Electron: Charge (-ve)
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Light Water Heavy Water Tritiated WaterHeavy water is used in nuclear reactors as moderator and coolant. India is the largestproducer of Heavy Water in the world.
Metals lose electronsNon-metals either gain electrons, or exist as noble gasesEvery atom has tendency to fill its outermost orbit with 8 electronsMetalloids are between metals and non-metals. Examples: Si and Ge
Property Acid Base pH Less than 7.0. Greater than 7.0
Tollen's Reagent AgNO 3 solution + NaOH solution + NH 4 OH to detect an aldehydic group
Benedict Solution Alkaline solution of cupric ion complexed withcitrate ions
to detect -CHO group
Schiff's Reagent Dilute solution of rosaline hydrochloride inwater a ter assin SO2
to detect -CHO group
Bordeaux Mixture Cu S O 4 + Lime to kill moulds and fungi on winesSoda Bleach Na 2 O 2 + dil. HCl for bleaching of delicate fibres like wool, silk etc.
Soda Lime Ca(OH) 2 + NaOH as absorbent for a number of gases, and indecarbox lation o sodium salts o att acids
Fusion Mixture Na 2 CO 3 + K 2 CO 3 as laboratory reagent Lithopone ZnS + BaSO 4 as white paint Sublimed White Lead PbSO 4 + PbO + ZnO as white paint
Carbogen O 2 + 5% to 10% CO 2 for artificial respirationNessler's Reagent K 2 HgI 4 to detect NH 4 + ionsNitrolim Calcium cynamide + graphite as fertilizer Superphosphate Calcium dihydrogen phosphate + CaSO 4 as fertilizer Thomas Slag Tricalcium phosphate + cal. Silicate as fertilizer Baeyer's Reagent Cold 1% alkaline KMnO 4 solution to detect olefinic and acetylenic linkagesMolisch Reagent α-Naphthol dissolved in alcohol to detect carbohydratesLindlar Catalyst Palladised charcoal deactivated with sulphur
compounds for partial hydrogenation of triple bonds todouble bonds
Milk of Magnesia Suspension of Mg(OH) 2 in water as antacid Gun Powder A mixture of S, charcoal and KNO 3 as explosivePusrple of Cassius Colloidal particles of gold absorbed by colloidal
precipitate of stannic acid for colouring glass (ruby red) and pottery
Lucas Reagent Conc. HGl + anhy. ZnCl 2 for distinguishing three types of alcoholsRectified Spirit 93% - 95% ethanol Methylated Spirit (Denatured alcohol) Rectified Spirit + CH 3 OH,
pyridine, acetone etc.Power Alcohol 80% Petrol + 20% Alcohol Brady's Reagent 2, 4-DinitrophenylhydrazineLemieux Reagent Aques solution of sodium periodate + a trace of
KMnO 4
to detect and locate double bond in organiccompound
Sanger's Reagent 2, 4-Dinitrofluorobenzene for amino acid sequence detection in polypeptides
Tildon's Reagent Nitrosyl chloride to detect presence of olefinic linkageHoffman Reagent Diethyl oxalate for seperation of mixture of 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ amines
Hinsberg Reagent Benzenesulphonyl chloride for seperation of mixture of 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ amines
Malaparade Reagent Periodic acid for cleaving vicinal glycols giving aldehydes,ketones or their mixtures
Ninhydrin Reagent Triketohydrindene hydrate to detect the presence of amino acidds and proteins with which it gives violet, red or pinkcolor
Noble gases (zero)Highest electron affinity ClLeast electropositive element FLowest melting point metal HgHighest melting point metal WLowest melting point element HeHighest melting point element WMost reactive solid element LiMost reactive liquid element CsMost reactive gaseous element FMost stable element Te
Smallest atom HLargest atom CsLargest anion AtSmallest anion F
Cs (among stable)
Fr (overall)Total number of gaseous elements 11 (H, He, N, O, F, Ne, Cl,
Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)Total number of liquid elements 4 (Ga, Br, Cs, Hg)Total number of solid elements 89Volatile d block elements Zn, Cd, HgMost abundant element on earth OxygenMost rare element on earth AstatineMost abundant metal on earth Al (and then Fe)Metals with highest oxidation number Ru, OsMost electrovalent (ionic) compound CsFStrongest base Cs(OH)Strongest basic oxide Cs2O
Best electric conductors Ag (then Cu, Au, Al)Most poisonous element PuLiquid non metal Br
Element kept in water PElement kept in kerosene Na, K, Rb, CsBridge metals Na, MgNoble metals Au, PtAmphoteric metals Zn, Al, Sn, PbAmphoteric non metals SiMetalloids B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, TeLightest element HHeaviest metal Os