Soap and Detergents Introduction 1. Cleansing agents are chemical substance used to remove grease and dirt. 2. There are two type of cleansing agents : a) Soaps b) Detergents 3. Soaps are sodium or potassium salt of fatty acids that contains 12 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. 4. Soaps are cleansing agents made from animal fats or vegetable oil by saponification. Soap is a salt of a compound known as a fatty acid. A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain (composed of carbons and hydrogens) with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ioni c bonded to a metal ion, us uall y a sodi um or potass ium. The hydrocarbon end is nonpolar and is soluble in nonpolar substances (such as fats and oils), and the ionic end (the salt of a carboxylic acid) is soluble in water. The structure of a soap molecule is represented below: Detergents are structurally similar to soaps, but differ in the water-soluble portion. Example of detergents are shown below.
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