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SMJK SEG HWA,2015Form 4 Holiday Assignment
Tittle: Salts
Name !e" !i #ong$lass 4A%2015
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8.1 Synthesising Salts
• 8.1.1- Usages of salts used in daily life• 8.1.2- The meaning of salts
• 8.1.3- Classication of salts
• 8.1.4- Physical Properties of crystals
• 8.1.- Preparation and purication of sosalts
• 8.1."- Preparation od insolu!le salts
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Usage #f $alts
Agriculture Field :a. Used as inorganic pestisides todestroy insect.
!. %ost of the synthetic fertilisers aresalts.
Example& Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Phosphate
Medicinal Field :Calcium $ulphate 'emihydrate is
ma(e plaster casts for supporting !ones.
Food Industriesa. $odium Chloride is used as to gi*e a salty taste to food.
!. %onosodium glutamate is u)a*ouring to gi*e a *ery nice taste to the food.
c. $odium Chloride can also uspreser*ed food.
Chemical Indsutries,ample& $odium 'ypochlorite
/a#Cl Tin0 luorite $n4$il*er 5romide 6g5r
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What is SALTS?
• 6 salt is an ionic compound.
• The anion part comes from the acid +hile the capart comes from a !ase.
• 6 salt is a compound formed +hen the hydrogen
from an acid is replaced !y a metal ion or anammonium ion /'4 7 .
• ,ample& Cl #'0a9 7 'Cl0a9 Cl0a9 7 '
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Salts Soluble Insoluble
/itrate $alts : -
,thanoate $alts : -
Chloride $alts : • $il*er chloride6gCl
• ;ead0 chlorideP!Cl2
$ulphate $alts:
• ;ead0 sulpahteP!$#4
• Calcium sulphateCa$#4
• 5arium sulphate5a$#4
Car!onate $alts • $odium car!onate/a2C#3
• Potassium
car!onate 2C#3• 6mmonium
:
Soluble AndInsoluble Salts
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Physical Properties of Crys
Fi&ed geometri'als(a)es
Same s*+stan'e (ae sames(a)es +*t di--erent si.es
Fi&ed angles +et"eent"o ad/a'ent s*r-a'e
Flat s*r-a'e, straig(tedges and s(ar) angles
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%ethod of preparing a s
Sol*+leSalt
nsol*+Salt
Method 1 :/eutralisationusing titration Method :
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Preparation of Soluble salts
/eut r alisat io
n using t it r at ion
r e ac t i on
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$alt$olution
%ethod 1& Titration
06cid76l(ali
%ethod 2&
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%ethod 1& Titration
'emar(: 'epeat the titration )ithout using indicator
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%ethod 2&
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3
2
1
1. A solution is placed in basin and heated with a
2. The amount of the sol
through evaporation
3. The solution has evapo
crystallised solute
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Preparation of nsolu!le sa• 6n insolu!le salts is prepared through precipitation rea
• 69ueous solutions containing the ions of the insolu!le sa
mi*ed together to from the salt.
• nsolu!le salts can prepared !y double decomposition
reaction through precipitation.
• The insolu!le salt is formed as a precipitate and can !e
o!tained !y +ltration.
• ,ample& 5aCl20a9 7 /a2$#40a9 5a$#40s 7 2/aCl0a
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Precipitation > =ou!le decompositi
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1
2
3
2.The solid and liquid mixt
filter funnel.
3. The liquid can drip throu
the beaker below, leaving
1. The solid insoluble salt
are mixed together.
Purication of nsolu!le$alts
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8.2 ?ualitati*e 6nalysis #f $
8.2.1- @as conrmatory test8.2.2- ,Aect of heat on salts
8.2.3- ?ualitati*e analysis of anions
8.2.4- ?ualitati*e analysis of cations8.2.- $pecic conrmatory test
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?ualitati*e 6nalysis $tep1 #!ser*ation physical
properties of salts
2 6ction of heat on salts
4 Conrmatory testcations and anion
3 Test for cations andanions present
How to identify cation and an
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How to identify cation and anin salt?
i. Colour and solu!ility of the saltsii. @as test
iii.,Aect of heat on salt
i*. Conrmatory test for anions*. Conrmatory test for cations
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8.2.1- @as conrmatory te@as Colour $mell Conrma
#ygen @as0#2 Colourless #dourless
;ights up +ooden
'ydrogen @as0'2 Colourless #dourless
Produce a Bpoa lighted +oo
6mmonia @as0/'3
ColourlessPungent
smell
a Turns moipaper
! Produces
fumes +ithchloride
'rdrogenChloride 0'Cl Colourless Pungent
smell
a Turns moispape
!Produces fum
+ith ammon
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8.2.2- ,Aect of heat on salts0a,Aects of heat on car!onate saltsCarbonate Salts Action of %eat
• Potassium
car!onate• $odium car!onate
/ot decomposed !y heat.
• Calciumcar!onate
• %agnesiumcar!onate
• 6luminium
car!onate• inc car!onate• ron 0 car!onate• ;ead 0
car!onate• Copper 0
car!onate
=ecompose on heating to produce car!on dioide gas a
• %ercury 0 =ecompose to metal car!on dioide gas and oygen ga
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8.2.2- ,Aect of heat on sa0a,Aects of heat on /itrate salts
!itrate Salt Action of %eat
Calcium nitrate %agnesium
nitrate 6luminium
nitrate inc nitrate ron 0 nitrate ;ead 0 nitrate Copper 0
nitrate
=ecompose to produce oygen gas nitrogen d
gas and metal oide.
6mmoniumnitrate
=ecompose to produce nitrous oide gas and +
Potassiumnitrate
$odium nitrate
=ecompose to produce oygen gas and metal
Anion ,est
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?ualitati*e analysis of an
Anion ,est
1. Car!onate ion
C#3
- Pour 3 cm3 of a9ueous car!onate solution into a test tu!e
- 6dd 2 cm3 hydrochloric acid 'Cl- 5u!!le the gas produced through lime+ater
- ;ime +ater turned mil(y.
2. $ulphate ion
$#4
- Pour 2 cm3 of a9ueous sulphate solution into test tu!e
- 6dd 2 cm3 hydrochloric acid 'Cl
- 6dd 2 cm3 of !arium chloride solution 5aCl2.
- 6 +hite precipitate is formed +ith !arium chloride solution
3. Chloride ion Cl - Pour a!out 2 cm3 of a9ueous chloride solution into test tu!e
- 6dd 2 cm3 nitric acid '/#3
- 6dd 2 cm3 of sil*er nitrate solution 6g/#3.
- 6 +hite precipitate is formed +ith sil*er nitrate solution
4. /itrate ion /#3 - Pour a!out 2 cm3 of a9ueous nitrate solution into test tu!e
- 6dd 2 cm3 sulphuric acid '2$#4.
- 6dd 2 cm3 of iron 0 sulphate e$#4 solution. $ha(e to mi
- $lant the test tu!e and add slo+ly concentrated sulphuric ac
do+n the side of the test tu!e. =o not sha(e the test tu!e.-
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8.2.4 - ?ualitati*e analysis of cations
$al'i*m, $a23 W(ite Solid nsol*+le No $(ang
4 Magnesi*m, Mg23 W(ite Solid
5 Al*mini*m, Al3
W(ite Solid $olo*rless !ead, +23
6 7in', 7n23
8 ron9:, Fe23 Green Solid nsol*+le Green Solid
; ron9:, Fe3
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8.2. - $pecic conrmatorytest
0a Test or P!27
'eagent -bseration
6dd potassium iodide solution Dello+ precipitate in +ater.
6dd potassium chloride solution Cl Ehite precipitate in orm colourless soludissol*e in hot +ater
6dd potassium sulphate solution 2$#4
Ehite precipitate in +ater !ecause it is i
0! T t 27 d
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0! Test or e27 ande37
'eagent Fe"
Potassium 'eacynofemate0
$olution 4e0C/"
;ight 5lue =a
Potassium 'eacynofemate0$olution 6dd 3e0C/"
=ar( 5lue ;ig
Potassium Thiocynate $olution$C/
Pale Pin( 5lo
0c Test or /'3'eagent -bseration
6l(aline Pungent smell +hich turns mlitmus paper !lue is released
/esclerFs reagent 5ro+n precipitate is formese
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