chemistry

ChemistryA perfect science

What is chemistryChemistry is the science of  atomic matter,

especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties . Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds.

Chemistry is sometimes called “the central science" because it connects physics with other natural sciences  such as geology and biology. Chemistry is a branch of physical science but distinct from physics.

Types of chemistryOrganic chemistryAnalytical chemistryPhysical chemistryInorganic chemistryBiochemistry

Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry is a sub-field of chemistry that involves studying the molecules of life. It is mainly concerned with looking at the structure and behaviour of these molecules, which are composed of only a few different types of atoms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and a few miscellaneous others.

Analytical chemistryAnalytical chemistry is the science of identification and quantification of materials in a mixture. Analytical chemists may invent procedures for analysis, or they may use or modify existing ones. They also supervise, perform, and interpret the analysis.

Physical chemistryPhysical chemistry is the study of the fundamental

physical principles that govern the way that atoms, molecules, and other chemical systems behave. Physical chemists study a wide array of topics such as the rates of reactions , the way that light and matter interact, how electrons are arranged in atoms and molecules (quantum mechanics), and the stabilities and reactivates of different compounds and processes (thermodynamics). In all of these cases, physical chemists try to understand what is happening on an atomic level, and why. A lot of the current physical chemistry research in industry and academia combines the techniques and ideas from several fields.

Inorganic chemistryInorganic chemistry is commonly thought of as those areas within chemistry that do not deal with carbon. However, carbon is very important in many inorganic compounds, Some areas of inorganic chemistry that are especially important are catalysis, materials chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry.

BiochemistryBiochemistry is the study of the chemical

principles underlying basic biological systems. Fundamentally, biochemical research aims to characterize the link between the structure and function of biological macromolecules. More specifically, biochemical research has provided a more comprehensive understanding in regenerative medicine, infectious disease, organ/tissue transplantation, clinical diagnostics and genetic disease.

Apparatus

Beaker Bunsen burner

Conical flask

Flat bottomed flask

Apparatus cont………

Separatory funnel

Test tube holder

Measuring cylinder

Dropper

Round bottomed flask Spatula

Test tube stand

Thermometer

tripod

pieppet

Wire gauze

Importance Simply because CHEMISTRY explains where things were made of. From the things we use when woke up 'til the things we use when we end our days.

Scope of chemistryBiochemistry 34%Organic Chemistry9%Inorganic Chemistry 27%Physical ChemistryApplied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

21%Macromolecules 9%

Why do we study chemistryChemistry helps us to understand the world around us. A basic understanding of chemistry helps you to read and

understand product labels.Chemistry can help you make informed decisions. If you

understand how chemistry works you'll be able to separate reasonable expectations from pure fiction.

Chemistry is at the heart of cooking. If you understand the chemical reactions involved in making baked goods rise or neutralizing acidity or thickening sauces, chances are you'll be a better cook.

A command of chemistry can help keep you safe! You'll know which household chemicals are dangerous to keep together or mix and which can be used safely.

Rules to be followed in labs (Attire)Safety goggles must be worn at all times while

in the laboratory. This rule must be followed whether you are actually working on an experiment or simply writing in your lab notebook. 2Contact lenses are not allowed. Even when worn under safety goggles, various fumes may accumulate under the lens and cause serious injuries or blindness.

Closed toe shoes and long pants must be worn in the lab. Sandals and shorts are not allowed.

Long hair must be tied back when using open flames.

Conduct Eating, drinking, and smoking are strictly prohibited in the laboratory.No unauthorized experiments are to be performed. If you are curious

about trying a procedure not covered in the experimental procedure, consult with your laboratory instructor.

Never taste anything. Never directly smell the source of any vapour or gas. Do not inhale these vapours but take in only enough to detect an odour if one exists.

Coats, backpacks, etc., should not be left on the lab benches and stools. There is a hook rack along the back wall at either end of the lab. There are coat racks just inside the each entrance to the balance room at the back of the lab. Beware that lab chemicals can destroy personal possessions.

Always wash your hands before leaving lab.Learn where the safety and first-aid equipment is located. This includes

fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and eye-wash stations.Notify the instructor immediately in case of an accident.

Proper Handling of Chemicals and Equipment

Consider all chemicals to be hazardous unless you are instructed otherwise. 

Material Safety Data Sheets are available in lab for all chemicals in use. These will inform you of any hazards and precautions of which you should be aware.

Know what chemicals you are using. Carefully read the label twice before taking anything from a bottle. Chemicals in the lab are marked with hazardous materials diamond labels. Learn how to interpret these labels.

Many common reagents, for example, alcohols and acetone, are highly flammable. Do not use them anywhere near open flames.

Always pour acids into water. If you pour water into acid, the heat of reaction will cause the water to explode into steam, sometimes violently, and the acid will splatter.

cont…….If chemicals come into contact with your skin or

eyes, flush immediately with copious amounts of water and consult with your instructor.

Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or your neighbour it may erupt like a geyser.

Dispose of chemicals properly.Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off

whenever you leave your workstation. Be sure that the gas is shut off at the bench rack when you leave the lab.

Beware of hot glass--it looks exactly like cold glass.