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h mistry
form 4- chapter 8
salt
Pn Khoo Sioh Gee
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SOLUBILITY OF SALT IN WATER
Type of Salt Solubility in WaterSodium Salt
Potassium Salt
Ammonium SaltAll Soluble
Nitrate Salt All Soluble
Chloride Salt All soluble except Lead(II) chloride, Silver Chloride, andMercury(I) chloride.
(Lead(II) Chloride soluble in hot water but in cold water.)
Sulphate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) sulphate and Barium sulphate, while
Calcium sulphate is soluble partially.
Carbonate Salt All insoluble except Sodium Carbonate, Potassium carbonate,and Ammonium Carbonate.
Oxide All insoluble except Potassium oxide and Sodium oxide, while
Calcium oxide soluble a little.
Hydroxide All insoluble except Potassium hydroxide, and Sodium
hydroxide while Calcium hydroxide soluble a little.
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Cation Nitrate, NO3- Chloride, Cl- Sulphate, SO4
2- Carbonate, CO32-
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Al3+
Zn2+
Fe2+
Sn2+
Pb2+
Cu2+
Ag+
NH4+
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Test for Cation : With NaOH solution
Cation
NaOH(aq) solution
Some NaOH(aq)
No precipitate
White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate
Soluble and
Colourless Precipitate
Insoluble Precipitate
Heat
NH4+
With precipitate
Concentrated
HCL Drops
Precipitate
Green Brown Blue
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+
Insoluble Precipitate
Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+
Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+
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Test for Cation: With Ammonia Solution
Cation
NH3(aq) Solution
Some NH3(aq)
No Precipitate
White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate
Soluble and
Colourless Precipitate
Insoluble Precipitate
NH4+, Ca2+
Precipitate
Precipitate
Green Brown Blue
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+
Soluble
Precipitate
Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+
Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+ Insoluble
Precipitate
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Test for Anion
Anion X
1. Add in dilute
Nitric acid.
2. Add in Argentumnitrrate.
White precipitatesoluble in excess
Ammonia.
Cl- ion present
Test for Anion
1. Add in dilute
HCL until
excess.2. Add in
BaCl2
1. Add in FeSO4
2. A few drops of
concentratedH2SO4
1. Add in dilute
HCl
2. Produced gasis being
transferred to
lime water.
White precipitateIs formed. Brown ring Lime
Water turns
Milky/cloudy
/chalky.
SO42- ion
presentNO3
- ion present.CO3
2- ion present.
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