Chemical Solutions

Chemical Chemical SolutionsSolutions

Whether a substance dissolves depends on…composition of the solute and solvent

(think polarity) Rate (speed) of dissolving depends on

factors that increase the contact of solvent with the solutetemperature (increases speed and

amount)stirring (only affects speed)particle size (only affects speed)

amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specified temperature and pressure

expressed in grams of solute per 100 g of solvent (gases in grams per L)

unsaturated solutionmore solute can still be dissolved in the

solvent at a constant temp. and pressure saturated solution

the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solvent at a constant temp. and pressure

supersaturated solutioncontains more solute than it

can theoretically hold at a given temperature

miscibletwo liquids that dissolve in each other

in any proportion Ex. Water and alcohol

immiscibleliquids that are insoluble in each

other in any proportion Ex. Oil and water

Factors that affect solubility (amount that will dissolve)temperature affects:

solids, liquid, and gases• solubility increases with temperature for most solids

• solubility decreases with temperature for gases

pressure affects: gasses but not solids

• Henry’s Law at a given temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid

as pressure (P) increases = solubility (S) increases-- and vice-versa

S1 / P1 = S2 / P2

at a given temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid.

as pressure increases = solubility increases

S1 / P1 = S2 / P2

What are the best conditions for making soda that will keep its “fizz”?

Why does soda go flat when you leave it open and on the table?