Chemical Reactions

Chemical ReactionsSNC 2D1

September 13th, 2011

What is going on in this picture?

Nickel tailings Colour comes from red, iron-containing

compounds Sudbury mining industry

Mining is chemistry!

Pros Cons•Jobs•Tourism•Population needs metals

•Environmental damage

Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance◦ EXAMPLES - Boiling point, colour, density, electric

charge, length, luster, malleability, mass, melting point, solubility, resistivity, strength, viscosity, volume, etc.

Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties◦ EXAMPLES - Reactivity, heat of combustion,

flammability, enthalpy of formation, etc.!

Physical & Chemical Properties

An ionic compound is a compound composed of oppositely charged ions

An ion is a charged particle formed from the loss or gain of one or more electros

A cation is a positively charged ion An anion is a negatively charged ion Valence electrons are the electrons in the

outermost occupied energy level

Ionic Compounds

1. One or more electrons from one atom are transferred to another atom

2. An ionic bond forms, creating a neutral compound

3. The loss and gain of electrons allows each atom to form a full outer energy level of electrons and, therefore, become more stable

How do Ionic Compounds Form?

Ionic compounds are usually composed of the ions of a metal and one or more non-metals.

Let’s take a look at the periodic table◦ Where are the metals?◦ Where are the non-metals?◦ How can we figure out how many valence

electrons there are?

Ionic Compounds

In a Lewis dot diagram:1) put the symbol of the

element in the middle2) draw dots for the electrons

in the outer shell only

Lewis Dot Diagrams

Bohr Rutherford

Let’s Look at AluminumLewis Dot

Sulfur Magnesium

Oxygen Sodium

Let’s Make Some More Lewis Dot Diagrams...

Atoms will always try to have a chemical reaction so that they have a stable octet, meaning that the outer orbital must be full

Stable Octet

A binary ionic compound is a compound composed of a metal cation and a non-metal anion.

Rules1. The first part of the name always identifies the

positive ion, which is the metal cation. Thus, this part of the name is the name of the metal.

2. The second part of the name always identifies the negative ion, which is the non-metal anion. The name of the non-metal ion always ends with the suffix –ide.

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

Sodium donates an electron to become a positively charged cation

Chlorine accepts an electron to become a negatively charged anion

We name it sodium chloride

Ionic Bond with Sodium and Chlorine