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Chemical Elements 2
UNSUR-UNSURKIMIA 2
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In this chapter we will study about :
Nitrogen and Oxygen
The Third Period Eleiments
The Fourth Period Elements
Complec Ions
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Nitrogen
Introducing
uses
Processes toobtain
nitrogen
N
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Introducing of Nitrogen
nitrogen is : 1. nonmetalllic and non toxic2. it is located at group VA of the
periodic table.3. in nature nitrogen isgaseos,colorless,odorless,andtasteless.
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The Pocesses to obtain Nitrogen
1. Membran Separation
2. liquefaction-fractional sistillation
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The uses of nitrogen and itscompounds
1. AMONIA
2. NITRIC ACID
3. NITROUS OXIDE ( uses with oxygen in
surgery as an anesthetic )
4. HYDRAZINE ( rubber and plastic industries
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OXYGEN
Introducing
Procces toobtain oxygen
uses
O
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Introducing of oxygen
Oxygen exists in our athmosfer in largeamounts approximately 21 % in volume or23,25% in mass of the atmosfer is comprised of
oxygen,in the atmosfer oxygen is secondabundant elements after nitrogen. In ocean ofapproximately 85,8% in mass of oxygen is found
and in the human boy of approximately 60% ofthe human body is comprised by oxygen.
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The proceess to obtain oxigen
Comercially oxygen is prepared throught aseries of industries proces, by :
Electrolysisi of water and The fractional destilation of liquid water.
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The uses of oxygen and its compounds
1. Breathing by humans
2. H2O
3. Hidrogen perokside ( bleaching,antiseptic )4. Oxygen is uses in a furnace at steel manufacture
process
5. ect
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The third period elements
Na MgAl Si P S C
lA
r
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THIRDPERIOD
ELEMENTS
Properties ofthird period
elements
Kind of
uses
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The properties of third period elements
a. Atomic radius
from Na to Ar will be decreasing atomic radius
b. Ionizatin Energi
from Na to Ar will be larger ionization energy
c. Oxiding and reducing powers
from Na to Cl,the oxiding power increases, whilethe reducing power decreses.
d. acid and basic properties
e. Metalic and nonmetalic properties
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The important things and uses of third periodelements
1. Aluminium ( construction ofaircraft,car,door,window and automobiles )
2. Silicon (glass, cement and pocelain )
3. Phosphorus ( re phosphorus is used in matchesindustries)
4. Sulphur ( vulcanization of rubber in tire andgunpowder industries )
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The fourth period elements
Introducing
The fourth periodtransition elements
The abudance and use of thefourth period transition elements
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Introducing
In this case the forth period elements arepotassium, calcium,scanadium,titanium,vanadium,chromium,mangannesse,iron,cobalt,nikel,copper,zinc,galium,germanium,arsenic,selenium,bromine,and krypton.
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uses
1. Scanadium usually uses in tracers.2. Titanium use as replacement for bone
3. Vanadium catalyst
4. Chomium used as apigment5. Iron
6. Cobalt used for radioisotope therapy
7. Nikel used for catalust
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Complex Ions