1 BHAGWA T I INTERNAT IONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL DR. INDU DA Y A L MESHRI PRIMARY ENGLISH SCHOOL, PATAN INVESTIGAT ORY PROJECT ON “EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL PRESENT IN ANISEED (SAUNF). SUBMITTED BY:- HIREN M. THAKKAR GUIDE BY:- MR.NABAKISHOR SOROKHAIBAM ROLL NO.:- ________________
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4e are all familiar with the pleasantodours coming out from 5owers,spices and many trees& The essenceor aromas of plants are due to olatileoils present in them& These smelling
olatile oils present in plants arecalled essential oils& 6innamon, cloe,cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine,peppermint, rose, sandalwood,spearmint, thyme, wintergreen is afew familiar e7amples of aluable
essential oils& The term 8essential oils9literally means 8oils deried from theessence9 of plants&
.ssential oils are mainly used for their
pleasant/doursin perfumes and as 5aoring agents infoods& Some areused in medicines (e&g&, camphor,
They are essentially non$polar compoundsand are thus soluble in non$polar solentssuch as petroleum ether, ben:ene etc&.ssential oils may occur in all parts of theplant, but they are often concentrated in
the seeds or 5owers& They are obtainedfrom the plants by the process of
steam distillation and e7traction& Thetechni2ue of
steam distillation permits the separationof olatile components from non$olatilematerials without raising the temperatureof the distillation aboe "!!; 6& Thussteamdistillation reduces the risk ofdecomposition of essential oils&
+niseed, on steam distillation, yields anessential oil, known as </il of +niseed<,which has now replaced the fruits formedicinal and 5aoring purposes&
+niseed oil is a colorless or pale$yellowli2uid haing the characteristic odor andtaste of the fruit& The yield of oilgenerally aries from "&= to 3&" percent&'igher alues up to # per cent haebeen reported from Syrian aniseed&
6rushing of fruits prior to distillationgies better yields of oil& The materialshould be distilled soon after thecrushing to preent any loss of oil dueto eaporation& +niseed oil is a highlyrefractie li2uid, which solidi>es oncooling& The congealing point dependsmuch on the anethole content and is aaluable criterion for ealuating the oil&.7posure of the oil to air causespolymeri:ation, and some o7idation alsotakes place with the formation ofanisaldehyde and anisic acid.
In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil isused to treat colds and 5u&
+niseed oil can be made into a li2uidscent and is used for both hunting and
>shing& It is put on >shing lures toattract >sh&
/il of aniseed is also reported to beused as an aromatic carminatie toreliee 5atulence, and as an ingredient
of cough lo:enges in combination withli2uorice&
.ssential oil is also used e7ternally asan insecticide against small insects suchas head lice, mites and ermin&
+nethole, the principal component ofanise oil, is a precursor that caneentually produce ,-$dimetho7yben:aldehyde which is can be used inthe clandestine synthesis of psychedelicdrugs such as 6$B, 6$I and @/B&
"&Set the apparatus as shown in thepicture of .7perimental Setup& Theapparatus consists of a steam generator
connected to the round bottom 5askthrough a glass inlet tube& The 5ask isconnected to a water condenser througha glass outlet tube& 6ondenser is furtherattached to a receier through an
adaptor&&Take about %-! ml of water in the steamgenerator and start heating to producesteam&