Chem Nayar, Regen Power Pty Ltd - CASE STUDY | Energy security in small islands and remote communities through innovative micro-grid systems

Solar Photovoltaic Applications Professor Chem Nayar

02 December 2013

Energy Security in Small Islands and Remote Communities through Innovative Micro-Grid Systems

Professor Chem Nayar

•  BSc Elec Engg, MTech ( IIT Kanpur), PhD ( Wind Power), Univ. of Western Australia

•  Professor of Electrical and Renewable Energy Engineering, Curtin University

•  Visiting Professor –Hefei University, China University of Mining and Technology , United Arab Emirates University, Chiang Mai University (Thailand)

•  42 years teaching , research and industry experience

•  Chairman, Regen Group Pty Ltd, Australia •  Director, Radiant Solar , Hyderabad, India •  Supervised /supervising 20 PhDs, 300 research

papers, 8 million in research grants •  Winner of Sustainable Energy Industry

Excellence Award 2011 : (1) The Ambassador Award and (2) Product and Technology Award

•  Australian Committee for Power Engineering : Life Time Career Achievement Award , 2012

Professor Chem Nayar

My Background

Background photo: www.bso.vvs.be

About 22% of the world population had no access to electricity ( Ref: International Energy Agency, 2008)

•  About 1.4 billion people have no access to electricity - 85% live in rural areas. •  Many islands and remote communities use conventional diesel generators •  Solar Diesel Hybrid technology offers a cost effective and an efficient rural

electrification solution.

Diesel Generator Fuel Consumption Characteristics

Diesel generator efficiency quickly falls at partial loads- increase in specific consumption, i.e. the amount of fuel needed to generate a kWh increases, the lower the load.

Diesel Generator Control

Typical load profiles

 Peak demand is observed around noon time, due to increasing air-conditioning, refrigeration

 Typical Load profile in Northern Australia

 Peak demand is during the evening - domestic consumption for lighting , TV etc

 At Low Loads loads during the night time, the diesel consumes about 1.2 litre of diesel to produce one kWh! During the peak load in the evening the diesel generator may consume only 0.3 litre for one kWh.

What is a Micro-grid? A Micro-Grid can be defined as an autonomous electricity distribution network that supplies the demand of a localised group of customers with one or more electricity generators. System size limited to < 500 kW. Above that is Mini Grid.

Three subsystems   Generation   Distribution   Demand

Typical Battery –Diesel Hybrid system

 First time proposed in late 1988

  Design basis to run the DG in optimum load

 Capital and replacement cost of battery is an issue

  Energy loss in battery

A PV/Wind/Diesel Hybrid energy system for remote islands in the Republic of Maldives

Micro Grid : A Case Study

Maldives Remote Island Electrification Pilot Project

Uligam

Raimandhoo

Kondey

Characteristics of Four Outer Islands

Load Characteristics of a typical Outer Island

Power Electronics and Control

Bi-directional Inverter Distribution panel

Hybrid System Monitoring Display

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Case Study : Eco Wilderness Resort , Broome, Western Australia

Location : 2 hours drive from Broome, 2200 km north of Perth

• 25 Villas • 30 safari style tents

ECO RESORT – PV INSTALLED IN

Modes of operation : Inverter stand-alone

System’s Operation: 16-22nd of January 2010.

o  Storing energy in batteries lowers the system efficiency •  Cycling efficiency around 80%

o  Big capacities needed •  reduce cycle depth •  provide load for generator excess energy

o  Cost factor for Batteries •  represents significant part of initial investment •  shortest life time among all system components

Battery room, Eco Resort

Problems of Battery storage

Fuel Efficient Variable Speed Generator

International Patent : PCT/AU2011/001068 , Power Management System and method for optimising fuel consumption, inventor : Nayar Chemmangot , REGEN TECHNOLOGIES PTY LTD

Hybridgen manufactured in India/China

Hybrid-Gen Fuel Consumption

Optimum Speed Curve Fuel Consumption L / hour

Speed rpm

1kW output 1100 rpm 0.72 L/h

2kW output 1130 rpm 0.82 L/h

3kW output 1160 rpm 1.10 L/h

4kW output 1200 rpm 1.35 L/h

5kW output 1250 rpm 1.61 L/h

6kW output 1300 rpm 1.82 L/h

7kW output 1400 rpm 2.18 L/h

8kW output 1500 rpm 2.35 L/h

Containerised Power Supply

30.07.2010 Footer text - slideshow title

Micro Grid

Energy Balance in a Micro-grid System

30.07.2010   Footer  text  -­‐  slideshow  5tle  

Veterans Retreat Western Australia

Pulau Ubin Microgrid

Pulau Ubin Microgrid

Design example ; 100kWp –Bangladesh village

200 household and 150 shops is as shown above. The maximum load is taken as 15kW and energy consumption is around 250kWh/Day.

General Schematic of 100kW PV Hybrid System for Bangladesh

Solar Hybrid UPS

Hybrid Off-Grid Power System Telecom Application

Case Study : Sri Lanka

Replacement of normal gen-set at established site

30.07.2010   Footer  text  -­‐  slideshow  5tle  

Comparison of Fuel Consumption : Variable Speed Vs Constant Speed

Load  kW 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Variable  Speed  (  Mahindra  2185)

LPH 0.9611 1.1960 1.4776 1.7521 2.0176 2.4151 2.7724 3.0536 3.3782 3.7343

RPM 912 916 960 1022 1108 1226 1343 1457 1587 1694

Constant  Speed  Mahindra  2205

LPH 1.3400 1.5505 1.7792 2.0162 2.2640 2.5350 2.8382 3.1746 3.5697 4.1187

RPM 1546 1544 1542 1537 1516 1503 1502 1498 1493 1492

Constant  Speed  Mahindra  3255

LPH 1.4921 1.6874 1.8949 2.1088 2.3404 2.5664 2.7850 3.0455 3.3223 3.6287

RPM 1541 1540 1537 1533 1530 1526 1521 1516 1512 1512

Telecom Tower , Pulau Ubin , Singapore

30.07.2010

Typical daily system performance , Pulau Ubin Island, Singapore

•  System installed in Sept 2011 •  Battery bank size : 1200Ah.

BTS Schematic diagram

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Load kW Solar kW

Energy Equilibrium

PV Charging Battery

PV Supporting Loads

Hybrid-Gen & Battery Supporting Loads

Hybrid-Gen & Battery Supporting Loads

PV & Load Curves August (worst month) �

Solar Hybrid Drinking Water Plants for Remote Communities

Schematic of a simple RO Plant

Removes : * more than 96% dissolved solids * more than 99% organic substances * more than 99% colloid * nearly 100% bacteria

AquaSmart : Solar Powered drinking water for remote communities

100kW Rooftop PV : Pushpagiri Hospital

Water Purification Plant RPRO2-15000 LPH

Item � Value �

Input Water � River, pond, stream, canal, lake, and sub-surface water

Output Water ≤ 20µS/cm, drinkable water as WTO standards

Inflow Rate ≥ 30,000 liters / hour (25ºC)�

Output Rate � ≥ 15,000 liters / hour (25ºC)�

Plant Size 20 * 10 * 5 m (L * W * H)

Pipeline Material Food-grade stainless steel

Installation Mode Whole system assembled with a canopy

Management Mode� Automatic, allowing human interference�

Total Load Power� 30 kW 3-phase 380Vac�

Source Water Tank Source Water Tank – collect water for continuous operation. Capacity: 30 m3

Water Level Control for automatic operation

Salt Tank Fine Filter

High Pressure Reverse Osmosis Pump

The sterilization system consists of Ozone actuator and UV ray tube. It can further remove: * bacteria * free Chlorine * odor * heavy metal residue

Ozone will oxidize and decompose the enzyme which can form the glucose to maintain bacteria. The ozone actuator can ionize air to produce ozone which is further mixed with water through Venturi ejector.

UV ray will destroy bacteria & virus’ genetic material so as to stop its breeding process. The UV ray tube allows flow rate of 15 m3/h. �

Pure Water Tank

Flow Meters

Front View of the assembly

Control Cabinet

Sample Monitoring

Hope for Energy Security in Islands and Remote Communities ..……

Thank you