Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA UNCLASSIFIED Characterization of Target Materials Using a Variety of X-ray Instrumentation Brian M. Patterson, Kevin Henderson, Tana Cardenas, Derek Schmidt, John Oertel, Matthew Herman, Joseph Cowan, Ted Baumann LAUR:17-21853
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Characterization of Target Materials Using a Variety of X ... · Characterization of Target Materials Using a ... 20 20 Measured % Transmission (mode) ... C Measured density using
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Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Characterization of Target Materials Using a
Variety of X-ray Instrumentation
Brian M. Patterson, Kevin Henderson, Tana Cardenas, Derek
Schmidt, John Oertel, Matthew Herman, Joseph Cowan, Ted
Baumann
LAUR:17-21853
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
▪ Several types of X-ray instrumentation is used to characterize target
materials, targets, as well as novel structures.
▪ Quantification for structure and density are routinely practiced.
▪ Demonstrated examples:
– Monochromatic radiography to measure the density of aerogels
– 3D tomography to characterize foam morphology
– 3D tomography to image novel structures and inclusions on
various size scales.
Applications
Slide 2
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIEDSlide 3
LANL’s Density Characterization
Station▪ 10-3 Torr
▪ Doubly Curved Ge Crystal
▪ 13.2 μm pixel pitch
▪ FOV = ~9 mm x ~27.5 mm
▪ Three systems
– Mo = 2.3 keV
– Cr = 5.414 keV
– Cu = 8.047 keVGain 2; 2MHz readout frequency
Low noise readout
1.36 sec exposure time
250 Accumulations
10 Accumulation dark current subtraction
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIEDSlide 4
• Density (ρ) is calculated using the following equation:
ρ =−ln𝑇 ν0𝐾 ν0 𝑧
Where:
T (ν0) = transmittance at frequency ν0 , = I/ I0
ν0 = frequency of monochromatic X-ray source
K (ν0) = opacity at frequency ν0, cm2 g-1
z = depth (thickness of sample), cm
Lanier, N. E.; Hamilton, C.; Taccetti, J. M. Review of Scientific Instruments 2012, 83, 10E521.
LANL’s Density Characterization
Station
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
keV distribution
Slide 5
0 2 4 6 8 10
2
4
6
8
10
12
Y lo
ca
tio
n (
mm
)
X location (mm)
0.3900
0.3915
0.3930
0.3945
0.3960
0.3975
0.3990
0.4005
0.4020
Transmittance
The keV energy variation over the central 1 cm2, is ~0.001 transmittance.
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Analysis of 20 mg/cm3 aerogels.
▪ Right circular cylinders were made by LANL and
LLNL, targeting 20 mg/cm3.
▪ LANL’s Cu-based Density Characterization Station
was used to image the samples, operating at 8.04
keV (Cu Kα)
▪ Samples were also measured for density,
gravimetrically.
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Samples AA,AB▪ 10 mm-thick silica aerogel imaged with Cu-based
DCS @ 8.04 keV
▪ ROIs analyzed are indicated by yellow outline
SiO2 Aerogel AA
(ROI 1)
SiO2 Aerogel AB
(ROI 2)
Measured Density
(mode, mg cm-3) 21.6 21.1
Target Density
(mg cm-3)20 20
Measured
% Transmission
(mode)
50.3 50.8
Target
% Transmission53.0 52.7
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Samples CA,CB▪ 10 mm-thick silica aerogel imaged with Cu-based
DCS @ 8.04 keV
▪ ROIs analyzed are indicated by yellow outline
SiO2 Aerogel CA
(ROI 1)
SiO2 Aerogel CB
(ROI 2)
Measured Density
(mode, mg cm-3) 29.5 30.1
Target Density
(mg cm-3)20 20
Measured
% Transmission
(mode)
38.8 38.2
Target
% Transmission52.7 52.8
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Samples DA,DB▪ 10 mm-thick silica aerogel imaged with Cu-based
DCS @ 8.04 keV
▪ ROIs analyzed are indicated by yellow outline
SiO2 Aerogel DA
(ROI 1)
SiO2 Aerogel DB
(ROI 2)
Measured Density
(mode, mg cm-3) 34.1 30.8
Target Density
(mg cm-3)20 20
Measured
% Transmission
(mode)
35.4 38.0
Target
% Transmission54.3 53.3
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Samples EA,EB▪ 10 mm-thick silica aerogel imaged with Cu-based
DCS @ 8.04 keV
▪ ROIs analyzed are indicated by yellow outline
SiO2 Aerogel EA
(ROI 1)
SiO2 Aerogel EB
(ROI 2)
Measured Density
(mode, mg cm-3) 29.1 28.9
Target Density
(mg cm-3)20 20
Measured
% Transmission
(mode)
39.5 40.1
Target
% Transmission52.8 53.1
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Samples FA,FB▪ 10 mm-thick silica aerogel imaged with Cu-based
DCS @ 8.04 keV
▪ ROIs analyzed are indicated by yellow outline
SiO2 Aerogel FA
(ROI 1)
SiO2 Aerogel FB
(ROI 2)
Measured Density
(mode, mg cm-3) 28.3 28.9
Target Density
(mg cm-3)20 20
Measured
% Transmission
(mode)
40.8 40.2
Target
% Transmission53.0 53.2
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Summary
Samples
Average Measured
Density
(DCS, mg cm-3)A,B
Average Measured
Density
(DCS, mg cm-3)A,C
Average Measured
Density
(Gravimetric, mg cm-3)A
LLNL 26.1 ± 3.4 28.2 ± 4.0 30.7 ± 0.56
LANL 28.9 ± 2.0 22.9 ± 1.5 22.0 ± 0.68D
A Errors are standard deviations of the average for the many samples.B Measured density using the mold size as the X-ray path lengthC Measured density using the true thickness of the sample as the X-ray path lengthD LANL aerogels were too light to measure individually, therefore 14 of them were weighed together to
produce an average mass.
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA
UNCLASSIFIED
Micro/Nano CT Laboratory
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA