Characterization of Biodiesel Exhaust Emissions For EPA 211(b)

SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE P.O. Drawer 28510 6220 Culebra Road

San Antonio, Texas 78228-0510

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL EXHAUST EMISSIONS FOR EPA 211 (b)

BY

Christopher A. Sharp

FINAL REPORT CUMMINS N14 ENGINE

Prepared for

National Biodiesel Board 1907 Williams Street

Jefferson City, MO 6511 O-4898

January 1998

ent of Emissions Research

Emissions Research Division

Charles T. Hare, Director Department of Emissions Research Automotive Products and

Emissions Research Division

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LISTOFFIGURES ........................................................ iii

LISTOFTABLES ......................................................... iv

I. INTRODUCTION .................................................... .

II. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM . . _ . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

A. Test Engine.. .................................................. . B. Test Fuels ..................................................... . C. Test Procedures ................................................ .

III. TEST RESULTS . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

A. Regulated Emissions and Particulate Composition .................... 8 B. C, to Cl2 Hydrocarbon Speciation .................................. 8 C. PAHandnPAH ............................................... 18

Iv. CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...21

APPENDICES -

A - CUMMINS N14 DURABILITY CYCLE B - INDIVIDUAL TRANSIENT TEST DATA C - C, - C1? SPECLATION DATA D - PAHAND nPAH DATA

REPORT CE-1039P ii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1 Transient Test Cell Installation of the Cummins N14 Engine . . . _ 2

2 Composite Total Mass and Ozone Potential from C, to Cl2 Speciation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

LIST OF TABLES

Table

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Selected Test Fuel Properties for BlOO . . . . .

Selected Test Fuel Properties for 2D . . . . . _

Regulated Transient Emissions . . . . . . . . .

Transient Particulate Composition . _ . .

Summary of Composite C, to C,, Speciation

Summary of Composite Alcohol Data . _ . . .

Summary of PAWnPAH Data . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

. . . . . 4

. . . . . 4

. . . 9

. . 10

. . 11

. . . 20

. . . . 20

REPORT 08.1039A . . 111

I. INTRODUCTION

This report contains results from a test program conducted at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) on behalf of the National Biodiesel Board (NBB). The objective of the program was to characterize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from a 1997 Cummins N14 engine while fueled on biodiesel and diesel fuel. It is understood that the data generated in this program will be submitted to EPA in order to comply with Tier I requirements under section 211(b) of the Clean Air Act.

REPORT CB-lC39A 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM

This section of the report describes the test engine, test fuels, and test procedures used during this program.

-4. Test Ermine

The test engine used to generate the data in this report was a 1997 model year Cummins N14 diesel truck engine. This engine was a direct-injected, four stroke, six cylinder diesel engine of in-line configuration. The engine was turbocharged and intercooled, and employed an electronically-controlled fuel injection system having unit injectors. Engine throttle control input was achieved via an electronic potentiometer which was connected to the test cell servo controller. The engine had a nominal rated maximum power on 2-D diesel fuel of 370 hp at 1800 rpm, and a nominal peak torque of 1450 lb-ft at 1200 rpm. No aftertreatment was employed by the engine. Transient test cell installation of the Cummins N14 engine for this program is shown in Figure 1.

FIGURE 1. TRANSIENT TEST CELL INSTALLATION OF THE CUMMINS N14 ENGINE

The new engine was received from Cummins and placed in a durability test cell for break-in. The engine was fueled initially on neat biodiesel, and checked for power and torque. Observed torque levels were roughly seven percent below nominal levels. This was expected due to the biodiesel fuel’s lower energy content compared to conventional diesel fuel, and the lower torque was consistent through all testing on neat biodiesel. Following this initial running, 125 hours of operation were run over a durability cycle supplied by Cummins, again using only neat biodiesel fuel. The details of this cycle are given in Appendix A. The engine was then relocated to a transient test cell for emissions testing.

REPORT OB-1039A 2

B. Test Fuels

Two test fuels were used during this program, which included a neat (100%) biodiesel fuel, and a neat (100%) diesel fuel. Selected properties for the biodiesel and the diesel fuel are given in Tables land 2. respectively.

The biodiesel fuel was supplied by Ag Environmental Products. This fuel is referred to in this report as “BlOO,” and was coded SwRI EM-2481-F. The fuel was delivered via tanker to SwRI and stored in an underground tank which was cleaned and rinsed with fuel from the same batch as the test fuel prior to the introduction of biodiesel. New test cell fuel systems were also constructed to prevent contamination of the fuel stream to the engine with diesel fuel.

The diesel fuel for this program came from a batch of diesel fuel that had been specially blended in order to meet the specifications required by the 211(b) regulations, as outlined in CFR 40 Part 79. This fuel is referred to in this report as “2D,” and was coded SwRI EM-2494- F. The fuel was delivered to SwRI in 55 gallon drums.

C. Test Procedures

1. Transient Testing and Regulated Emissions Measurement

Exhaust emission characterization was performed as specified under CFR Title 40 Part 79. For heavy-duty engines, the regulation specifies that emissions are to be measured over then heavy-duty transient Federal Test Procedure (FTP), as outlined in CFR Title 40 Part 86 Subpart N. The FTP outlines specific requirements for setting up the test engine and mappin g the engine’s full torque capabilities over its operating speed range. Engine-specific performance data are used, along with a normalized EPA transient cycle, to define a transient command cycle for test engine operation.

While the engine is operated over the 20-minute test cycle, torque and speed responses of the engine are compared to the command cycle to ensure FTP compliance. Simultaneously, engine exhaust gases are diluted with conditioned air, and emissions of interest are determined. Work generated by the engine is also recorded during the cycle. The FTP specifies both a cold-start test cycle (following an overnight soak) and a hot-start test cycle, with a 20-minute soak between the two test cycles. Measured emission masses for both cycles are weighted to produce a composite mass of one-seventh cold-start mass and six- sevenths hot-start mass. This composite mass is divided by a similarly weighted composite work to generate a brake-specific emission value in terms of mass of pollutant per unit of work generated.

3

TABLE 1. SELECTED TEST FUEL PROPERTIES FOR BIOO r

II Fuel I BIOO

SwRl Fuel Code EM-2481-F

Cetane Number, D-61 3 51.2

Flashpoint, D-93, F 367

Viscosity, D-445, cSt 4.08

Sulfur, D-2662, wt% 0.0000

Sulfated Ash. D-874 0.003

II Total Glycerine, wt% 0.17

IFree Glvcerine, wt% 0.01

TABLE 2. SELECTED TEST FUEL PROPERTIES FOR 2D

Fuel

SwRl Fuel Code

Cetane Number, D-61 3

Cetane Index

Distillation, D-4052, F IBP 10% 50% 90% EBP

API Gravity, D-4052

Sulfur, D-2662, wt%

Aromatics, FIA, wt%

Olefins, wt%

Saturates. wt%

2D

EM-2494-F

43.3

45.2

378 438 511 609 666

33.8

0.0476

39.1

1.7

59.2

REPORT OS-1039A 4

For the sampling of semivolatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), this procedure was modified because it was not possible to accumulate sufficient volume on the sampling media during a single test to meet EPA specified detection requirements. However, it was necessary to preserve the one-seventh/six sevenths weighting between cold-start and hot-start testing in order to compare this data with all other emission data. Therefore, semivolatile PAH samples were accumulated in a single set of media over one cold-start cycle and six successive hot-start cycles, with a 20-minute soak between cycles. The total mass measured was then divided by the total work produced during all seven test cycles to provide a composite brake-specific emission value.

Regulated emissions measured during this program included total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO,), and particulate matter (PM). Hydrocarbons were measured using continuous sampling techniques employing a heated flame ionization detector (HFID). CO and CO, were determined using proportional dilute gaseous samples analyzed with non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) instruments. NO, was measured continuously during the transient cycle via an NO, chemiluminescence instrument. Total PM levels were determined by collecting particulate matter on a set of 90mm Pallflex filters which were weighed both before and after the transient test. Regulated emissions were measured over the cold-start cycle and the first two hot-start cycles, but composite values were generated using only the cold-start and the first hot-start as specified by the FTP.

2. Particulate Characterization

Particulate samples from the cold-start and the first two hot-starts were analyzed to determine the general composition of the particulate emissions by several methods. Filter samples were analyzed for soluble organic fraction (SOF) via a Soxhlet extraction method using a 30-70 mixture of toluene and ethanol as the solvent. Sulfate levels were determined via an ion chromatograph. Both of these analyses were performed on sections of the 90mm Pallflex filters.

3. C, to C,, Hydrocarbon Speciation

Hydrocarbon emissions from C, to C12, including aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, were measured during this program. These analyses were performed on samples from the cold-start and the first hot-start only. Samples were also generated during the second hot-start, but these were only examined if a problem was observed with samples from the first hot-start, which did not occur during testing of the Cummins N14 engine.

Gaseous hydrocarbons from C, to C12, except for aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, were determined by analyzing proportional bag samples of dilute exhaust using a series of gas chromatographs, each optimized for a different carbon number range. The methods used for this analysis were the same as those developed for Phase II of the Auto Oil Program.’

‘Siegl, W.O.. Richer-t, J.F.O., J ensen, T.E., Schuetzle, D., Swarm, S.J., Loo, J.F., Prostak, A., Nag-y, D., and Schlenker, A.M., “Improved Emissions Speciation Methodology for Phase II of the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program - Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates,” SAE Paper 930142, Special Publication SP-1000.

REPORT 08.l039A 5

Aldehydes and ketones from C, to C, were sampled and analyzed using a 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) technique outlined in CFR 40 Part 86 Subpart N for methanol engines. Samples were obtained via impingers containing the DNPH solution, and these samples were analyzed via a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument. This procedure was modified to add additional aldehyde compounds above C, to the target compound list.

Although alcohol emission measurements were not required for biodiesel by EP14, NBB elected to perform some measurement of alcohols. Samples were obtained using an impinger sampling method similar to that used for aldehydes, but using water instead of DNPH as the sampling solution. Samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph. The target list of alcohols included methanol, ethanol, t-butanol, 2-propanol, and 1-propanol.

4. Polycyclic and Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHhPAH)

PAH and nPAH emissions were sampled in both the particulate phase and semivolatile phase. Particulate samples were obtained using a second secondary dilution tunnel which was operated in parallel with the first tunnel used to obtain 90mm filter samples. This tunnel was considerably larger than the first one, to allow for the use of 20 x 20-inch Pallflex sampling media. This larger media size was necessary in order to obtain sufficient sample to meet EPA detection requirements for PAH and nPAH compounds. Filter samples were generated for the cold-start and the first two hot-start tests, although only samples from the cold-start and the first hot-start were analyzed.

Semivolatile PAH and nPAH samples presented a particular problem, in that conventional sampling techniques would not allow for sufficient sample to be gathered to meet EP,4 detection requirements. Commercially available sampling media and hardware were of insufficient size to allow for the volume flow rates needed. However, even with custom built sampling hardware, the maximum sampling media size was also limited by the ability to extract and concentrate samples obtained. Therefore, an approach was devised involving both custom built sampling hardware and a modified sampling plan. The modified plan, involving running multiple tests with a single set of sampling media, is described above.

The final sampling hardware setup for semivolatile PAH and nPAH emissions consisted of a pair of sample cartridges (rather than the usual single cartridge) which-were mounted in parallel on the larger secondary dilution tunnel, after the 20 x 20 inch filter media used for particulate phase sampling. These cartridges were sized to allow a media diameter of 4 inches, rather than the conventional 2.5 inches. This larger diameter allowed for a much higher flow rate to be used! while maintaining the face velocity within levels comparable to recommended levels for the smaller, conventional sampling media. The sample cartridges were loaded with a layered sampling media consisting of a 1.25 inch deep layer of polyurethane foam (PUF), a 0.5 inch deep layer of XAD-2 resin, and a second 1.25 inch deep layer of PUF. The XAD-2 resin was incorporated to improve the trapping efficiency for nPAH compounds, which were expected to be present in much lower levels than PAH compounds. After sampling, the two cartridges were extracted (with PUF and XAD-2 materials extracted separately) and the extracts were combined to form a single sample.

REPORT CL-1039A 6

The combination of two larger sample media sets and multiple test.runs allowed for the accumulation of a sample volume similar to that passing through a 20 x 20 inch filter during a single test (roughly 3000 standard cubic feet). This volume of sample was sufficient to allow for the analysis to meet the required detection threshold of 0.5 ng/hp-hr. A sample set for a given test day consisted of a cold-start filter sample, a hot-start filter sample, and a pair of PUF/XAD-2 cartridges for the semivolatile phase. A background PAH/nPAH sample set was obtained by operating the sampling systems with sampling media loaded, but without the engine operatin,, u for 2 hours in order to obtain sufficient volume.

Following testing, sample sets were delivered for analysis. In the case where immediate extraction was not possible, both PUFEAD-2 and filter samples were stored at 4°C. All samples were Soxhlet extracted for 16 to 18 hours. For the pair of semivolatile samples, the PUF and XAD-2 portions of both sample cartridges were separated and extracted.- The PUF portion of the sample was Soxhlet extracted with HexaneEther (94:6). The XAD-2 portion of the sample was extracted with 100% methylene chloride. Both portions were combined to form a single sample before cleanup. After extraction, the sample extracts were cleaned up by an acid wash and elution through a column packed with activated silica gel.

The samples were analyzed using several GC/MS instruments, as detailed below. For each analysis, a 1uL aliquot of the sample extract was injected into the instrument. For quantitation, an internal standard solution, made up of several deuterated PAH or nPAH compounds, was spiked into the extract at the time of analysis, and was used for calculating response factors.

Analysis of Nitro-PAH compounds was performed on a Finnigan 4500 HRGWLRMS using chemical ionization in the negative ion mode. Sample extracts were analyzed for regular PAHs on a Fisons MD800 HRGWLRMS in the selected ion monitoring t SIM) mode. All PUFKAD-2 samples required still higher resolution mass spectrometer analysis due to interferences which affected the accurate quantitation of detected analytes. In this case, a VG Autospec Ultima HRGWHRMS in the SIM mode was used for the analysis.

REPORT CW1039A 7

III. TEST RESULTS

This section of the report details the test results from the Cummins N14 engine. It is divided into several sections, concerning the results from each kind of exhaust emission characterization that was performed.

A. Regulated Emissions and Particulate Composition

Regulated emission levels for the Cummins N14 engine on the two test fuels are given in Table 3. Triplicate FTP tests were run on both the neat BlOO fuel and the neat 2D fuel. Although regulated emissions were measured on both the cold-start and the first two hot- starts of the test sequence for each given day, composite emission levels were generated-using only the cold-start and the first hot-start. Detailed results of individual transient tests are given in Appendix B. A new transient torque-map was run for each FTP test.

Comparing BlOO to 2D fuel, measured HC emissions were essentially eliminated by BlOO. CO emissions were reduced by 50 percent with neat BlOO, as compared to 2D, primarily as a result of the oxygen in BlOO. NO, emissions, however, were about 13 percent higher with neat BlOO as compared to 2D.

Particulate emissions with BlOO were 30 percent below the levels observed for 2D fuel. Particulate composition data for the N14 engine is given in Table 4. BlOO reduced insolubles in the particulates by more than 80 percent, likely as a result of the oxygen in the fuel. However, SOF increased by roughly 40 percent with BlOO. This increased SOF is mostly the BlOO fuel itself, which at particulate sampling temperatures is likely to condense onto a particulate filter. The increased SOF offset some of the reduction in insolubles, resulting in a net 30 percent reduction in total particulates. Sulfate emissions were essentially eliminated with BlOO.

B. C, to C,? Hvdrocarbon SDeciation

A summary of C, to C 12 speciation data, by individual species, including aldehydes and ketones, is given in Table 5. This table shows the composite brake-specific mass for each hydrocarbon compound, for all of the Cummins N14 tests, on all three fuels. Where “trace: appears on the table, it means that a given compound was detected, but was present at a level below the quantitation limit of the analysis, which was 0.02 mg/hp-hr. A zero on the table indicates that a compound either was not detected, or was found at a level below that of the background. Full details of speciation results for individual tests are given in Appendix C.

8

TABLE 3. REGULATED TRANSIENT EMISSIONS

2D Composite Average 1 0.23 1 0.75 ( 4.57 1 0.106 0.363 26.7 27.3 II

REPORT 0S1539P 9

TABLE 4. TRANSIENT PARTICULATE COMPOSITION

Test Total PM, Number g/hp-hr

SOF, g/hp-hr

Insolubles,

II

Sulfate, g/hp-hr mg/hp-hr

l-BlOO-Cl I 0.081 I 0.067 I 0.014 II 1.2

I-BlOO-Hl I 0.079 I 0.068 I 0.011 -7 0.5

l-BlOO-H2 I 0.078 I 0.078 I 0.000 II 0.4

Composite 0.079 0.068 0.011

l-BlOO-C2 0.074 0.067 0.007

l-BlOO-H3 0.070 0.060 0.010

I-BlOO-H4 0.072 0.061 0.011

Composite 0.071 0.061 0.010

I-BlOO-C3 I 0.082 I 0.073 I 0.008 II 0.3

l-BlOO-H5 0.077 0.070 0.007

1-BlOO-H6 0.079 0.070 0.010

Composite 0.077 0.070 0.007

1-2D-Cl 0.119 0.057 0.061 _

l-2D-HI 0.104 0.048 0.056

1-2D-H2 0.101 0.050 0.051

Composite 0.106 0.050 0.057

I-2D-C2 0.116 0.051 0.065

l-ZD-H3 0.107 0.045 0.062

I-2D-H4 0.105 0.042 0.064

Composite 0.108 0.046 0.062

I-2D-C3 0.113 0.057 0.056

1-2D-H5 0.104 0.051 0.053

l-2D-H6 0.104 0.051 0.053

Composite 0.105 0.052 0.053 3.2

REPORT OR-1039A 10

TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE C, TO C,, SPECIATION r

COMPOUND

REPORT 08.1039A

TABLE 5 (CONT’D). SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE C, TO C,, SPECIAXON

COMPOUND

REPORT 08.1039A

TABLE 5 (CONT’D). SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE C, TO C,, SPECIATI=)N

Composite Brake Specific Mass, mg/hp-hr

BlOO 2D CARBON

NO. COMPOUND 1 2 3 1 2 3

7 l.l-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6 1 TERT-AMYL METHYL ETHER 1 0.00 I 0.00 I 0.00 I 0.00 I 0.00 I 0.00 II ! I

6 CYCLOHEXENE 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.00 trace II

7 3-METHYLHEXANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 CIS-1.3-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 I

7 3-ETHYLPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05

7 TRANS-1.2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 TRANS-I ,3-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 I

7 1 -HEPTENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 II

7

7

7

0.30 I 0.14 II 2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 0.26 0.02 0.16 0.48

2-METHYL-I-HEXENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

TRANS-3-HEPTENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HEPTANE 0.22 0.38 0.41 0.00

CIS-3-HEPTENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

UNIDENTIFIED C7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00

2-METHYL-2-HEXENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

33 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.07

8 2.2.3-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09

a 2.5-DIMETHYLHEXANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8

a

8

0 I-TRANS-2-CIS-3-TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 1 0.00 1 0.00 1 0.00 1 0.00 0.00 I 0.00 II *

2.4-DIMETHYLHEXANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04

I-TRANS-2-CIS-4-TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3,3-DIMETHYLHEXANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.3.4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00

0.25 0.14 I 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.11 I trace I]

REPORT 0%1039k 13

TABLE 5 (CONT’D). SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE C, TO C,, SPECIAT;ON

CIS-1.2-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE

REPORT 08.1039A

TABLE 5 (CONT’D). SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE C, TO C,, SPECIAXON

r

4 3

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00 _

0.00

0.26

0.00

0.22

0.00

0.26

0.00

0.22

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.93

0.00

0.24

0.00

0.00

0.30

0.42

0.00

0.74

0.24

0.00

0.37

1.74

0.00

0.00

0.00

3.89

13.62

Composite Brake Specific Mas , mg/hp-I

BlOO 2D

2 COMPOUND 1 2 3 1

1.3,-DIMETHYL-5-ETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

METHYLPROPYLBENZENE (set butylbenzene)

l-METHYL-3-ISOPROPYLBENZENE

I-METHYL-4dSOPROPYLBENZENE

l-METHYL-2-ISOPROPYLBENZENE

0.00 1 0.28

10 llz 10 1,3-DIETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00

1,4-DIETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 II ‘0 0.36

0.16 l-METHYL-3-N-PROPYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

I-METHYL-4WPROPYLBENZENE 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15

1,2 DIETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

I-METHYL-2-N-PROPYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25

1,4-DIMETHYL-2-ETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.3-DIMETHYL-4-ETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03

11 10 IL 10

0.26

0.00

0.44

0.00

0.00

2.59

0.00

0.80

0.00

0.00

0.55

0.39

0.00

0.77

0.39

0.00

0.25

1.67

0.00

0.00

0.00

5.33

13.60


1,3-DIMETHYL-2-ETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

UNDECANE - 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.72


1.2.4.5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.19

2-METHYLBUTYLBENZENE (set AMYLBENZENE) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

11

10 E 10

11

II 11 3.4 DIMETHYLCUMENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.2.3.5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12

TERT-1 -BUT-2-METHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55

1,2.3.4-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

N-PENT-SENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59

TERT-l-BUT-3.5-DIMETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24

TERT-I-BUTYL-4-ETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

II 10 11

10 E 11

11

12

10 IF 12

NAPHTHALENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23

DODECANE 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.47

1.3,5-TRIETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.2.4-TRIETHYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HEXYLBENZENE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

UNIDENTIFIED CS-ClZ+ 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.71

FORMALDEHYDE 9.49 8.99 8.72 12.86

12

12 E 12

REPORT 08.1039A 16

TABLE 5 (CONT’D). SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE C, TO C,, SPECIATI3N

REPORT 0%1039A

TABLE 5 (CONT’D). SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE C, TO C,, SPEClATiON

CARBON NO. COMPOUND

Composite Brake Specific Mass, mg/hp-hr

BlOO 2D

1 2 3 1 2 I 3

2 ACETALDEHYDE 3.07 3.05 3.04 4.78 4.61 4.86

3 ACROLEIN 2.16 2.76 2.54 1.65 1.15 1.52

3 ACETONE 0.69 0.52 0.51 1.40 1.41 1.38

3 PROPIONALDEHYDE 1.79 1.40 1.04 1.23 2.53 2.35

II 4 I CROTONALDEHYDE 1 0.96 1 0.64 1 0.81 1 1.67 1 2.29 1 1.87 _ 11

4 ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE h 0.32 0.38 0.29 0.41 0.52 0.56

4 METHYL ETHYL KETONE h 0.32 0.38 0.29 0.41 0.52 0.56

7 BENZALDEHYDE 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.47 0.82

5 ISOVALERALDEHYDE 0.54 0.82 0.63 0.60 0.24 0.29

II 3 I VALERALDEHYDE 1 0.27 1 0.33 1 0.16 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.45 11

11 8 IO-TOLUALDEHYDE 1 0.37 1 0.49 1 0.31 1 0.34 1 0.32 1 0.40 11

a M/P-TOLUALDEHYDE 1.30 1.41 1.62 2.07 1 .a7

6 HEXANALDEHYDE 1 .oa 0.90 0.90 0.46 0.36

9 DIMETHYLBENZALDEHYDE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.47

SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES 39 40 39 73 82

a 2,2-Dlmethylpentane and methylcyclopentane co-elute. GC peak area split equally between the two compounds, b 3-Methyl-3-ethyl-pentane co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. c Cis-1.4-Dimethylcyclohexane co-elutes wtth reported compound. Not reported separately. d Propylcyclopentane co-eTutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. e 2,5-Dimethylheptane and 3.5-dimethylheptane co-elute. GC peak area split equally between the two compounds. f Decane and tsobutylbenzene co-elute. GC peak area split equally between the two compounds. g n-Butylbenzene co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. h lsobutvraldehvde and methvl ethvl ketone co-elute. LC peak area split equally between the two comoounds.

1 .67

0.35

0.23

77

REPORT 08.1039A 17

,4 summary of total speciated hydrocarbons, and their associated ozo:le formation potential,’ is shown in Figure 2. For neat BlOO, the total speciated hydrocarbon mass is nearly 50 percent less than that measured for 2D fuel, and the associated ozone potential is reduced by the same amount. Significant reductions in most of the aldehyde compounds were observed with BlOO. with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde 30 percent lower than the levels observed for 2D fuel. A summary of alcohol data is given in Table 6. None of the target alcohols were found at a quantifiable level in any of the samples. from the Cummins N14 engine, and the few traces detected were at levels below those found in the background samples. This was expected, as no alcohol was present in any of the test fuels.

C. PAH and nPAH

A summary of the results of PAH and nPAH analyses for all three fuels is given in Table 7. This table shows the total composite emission rate of each PAWnPAH compound, including both particulate and semivolatile phases. Complete PAH/nPAH data for individual samples is given in Appendix D. Where an “nd” appears, it means the compound was not detected in any of the exhaust samples for that test fuel and day. The only “rids” that occurred were for selected nPAH compounds on certain biodiesel test runs. The detection limits for these compounds were actually below 0.1 ng/hp-hr for filter samples, and below 0.05 ng/hp-hr for the PUF/‘XAD-2 samples. Where “trace” appears in the table, it means that the compound was detected, but was measured at a level below the required quantitation limit of 0.5 ng/hp- hr, as defined by EPA in CFR Title 40 Part 79. Where a zero appears in Appendix D for a given compound and exhaust sample, it means that this compound was detected and quantified! but at a level lower than in the background samples, resulting in a calculated mass less than zero in these cases. Any calculated masses less than zero were set to zero following what is standard practice for regulated emissions calculations. This only occurred for certain compounds on selected semivolatile samples.

The neat BlOO samples presented a unexpected problem for the analysis, in that the biodiesel fuel itself caused considerable interference during the PAH analysis. The nPAH measurement was not affected by this because those compounds are measured with the GC/MS in a negative ion mode, rather than the positive ion mode used for PA.Hs. Several cleaning processes were attempted in an effort to remove the interfering biodiesel compounds, but this was only partially successful. A number of biodiesel samples had to be diluted as much as 50-fold: although all PAHs were still detected, so detection thresholds did not become an issue. The PUFXAD-2 samples were cleaned, diluted, and then analyzed using a higher resolution instrument in order to achieve required detection capabilities. Again, all of the PAH compounds were detected in these samples, so detection thresholds were not an issue.

The neat BlOO fuel resulted in large decreases in all of the target PAH and nPAH compounds. as compared to 2D fuel. All of the PAH compounds were reduced by 75 to 85 percent, with the exception of benzo(a)anthracene, which was reduced by roughly 50 percent. The target nPAH compounds were also reduced dramatically with neat BlOO fuel, with 2- nitrofluorene and l-nitropyrene reduced by 90 percent, and the rest of the nPAH compounds

‘Calculated based on reactivity factors given in “California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures Appendix 1 - List of Target Compounds.”

REPORT 08.1039A 18

0 0.2 LL G E T 0.1 Y

ii 0

BlOO 2D FUEL

El OZONE POTENTIAL

FIGURE 2. COMPOSITE TOTAL MASS AND OZONE POTENTIAL FROM C, TO C,, SPECIATION ANALYSIS

reduced to only trace levels. All of these reductions are likely due contained no aromatic compounds of any kind, including PAHs.

to the fact the,Siodiesel fuel

TABLE 6. SUMMARY OF COMPOSITE ALCOHOL DATA

BlOO 2D Compound

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

methanol 0.0 nd 0.0 0.0 0.0 nd

ethanol nd nd nd nd nd nd

t-butanol 0.0 nd nd nd nd nd -

Z-propanol nd nd nd nd nd nd

1 -propanol 0.0 nd nd nd nd nd

nd - not detected

TABLE 7. SUMMARY OF PAHhPAH DATA

REPORT 08~1039A 20

TV. CONCLUSIONS

In considering all of the data from the Cummins N14, several trends become apparent in comparing the two test fuels. For regulated emissions, the neat biodiesel fuel (BlOO) reduced emissions of HC, CO: and particulates by 95, 45, and 30 percent, respectively, as compared to 2D fuel. NO, emissions, however, increased 13 percent with BlOO fuel. The reduction in particulate emissions with neat biodiesel was generally due to a reduction in carbon soot: although this was partially offset by an increase in SOF.

When the unregulated emissions data is examined, the results generally indicate substantial improvements with neat biodiesel. The mass of speciated hydrocarbons from C, to C,, is reduced significantly with neat biodiesel, compared to diesel fuel, as is the ozone formation potential of the hydrocarbon emissions. Substantial reductions in aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were observed with neat biodiesel. PAH and nPAH data also indicated reductions on the order of 90 percent with neat biodiesel for nearly all of the PAHs and nPAHs that were measured.

REPORT 08.1039A 21

APPENDIXA

CUMMINS N14 DURABILITY CYCLE

REPORT 08-T 039A

CUMMINS N14 DURABILITY CYCLE

Step Condition

1 Idle

2 Peak Torque

Speed, rpm

650

1200

Throttle

Closed

WOT

Time, set

144

36

3 Rated Power 1800 WOT 360

4 High idle 2000 WOT 36

5 Rated Power 1800 WOT 144 -

6 Ramp to Peak Torque Ramp to 1200 WOT 36

7 Peak Torque 1200 WOT 108

a High idle 3000 WOT 36

REPORT CB-1C39A A-l

APPENDIX B

INDMDUAL TRANSIENT TEST DATA

AEPORT 08.1039A

Southwest Research Institute - Department of Emissions Research EPA Cold Transient Emission Test Results

Project No. 08-l 039-000

Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Engine S/N: 11844196 SME

Test No.: 1 -SME-Cl DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Date: 11/07/l 997 Time: 0943 HCR: 1.833 FID Resp: 1.00 Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.120 C= 0.780 0= 0.100 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE

Ambient/Test Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.55 in Hg 100.1 kPa Engine Inlet Air

Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 53.1 “F 11.7 “C Abs. Humidity: 61.0 gr/lb a.7 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 46 96

Dilution Air: Temperature: 74.0 “F 23.3 “C Abs. Humidity 33.9 gr/lb 4.8 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 27 Sb

Measured Gaseous Data Meter Range Concentratron

HC Sample n/a 4.01 ppm HC Bckgrd nia 3.14 ppm CO Sample 9.9 2 9.46 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.4 2 0.38 ppm NOx Sample nia 54.45 w-n Pry) NOx Bckgrd 0.1 2 _ 0.10 ppm co2 Sample 73.8 1 0.6309 “10 co2 Bckgra 7.8 1 0.0455 9b

HC co NOx co2

Corrected Concentrations 1 .Ol wm 8.90 mm

53.62 pm 0.5875 96

HC co NOx

Mass Emissions 0.755

13.412 127.996

grams grams grams

Particulate 1.946 grams

co2 13.906 kg Fuel 10.75 lb 4.87 kg

Sample Flows scfm

Blower 1 Rate: 2,189.0 Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 90 mm System:

Gas Meter 1: 1.60 Gas Meter 2: 3.01 Sample Rate: 1.41

20X20 Sample Rate: 50.64 47 mm Sample Rate: 29.28 Chemrstry Sample Rate: 2.63 Total Flow Rate: 2,272.95

scmm 61.99

0.00 .-

0.05 0.09 0.04 1.43 0.83 0.07

64.37

Particulate Data Filter Number: 8932.1 (pair) Weight Gain, mg: 1.209 Sample Multiplier: 1.610

Correction Factors NOx Humtdity CF: 0.965 Dry-to-Wet CF, Sample: 0.986 Dry-to-Wet CF, Bckgrd: 0.992 Dilution Factor: 21.91

Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.40 set Work: 23.91 hp-hr 17.83 kW-hr Reference Work: 24.82 hp-hr 18.51 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmix): 45,686.4 scf 1,293.87 scm

Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.032 g/hp-hr 0.042 g/kW-hr co 0.561 gihp-hr 0.752 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 5.353 g/hp-hr 7.179 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.081 g/hp-hr 0.109 g/kW-hr co2 581.6 glhp-hr 779.91 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.450 lblhp-hr 0.273 kglkW-hr

Analyzed: I l/l 9/l 997 14~40 B-l Page 1 of 2

Southwest Research Institute - Department of Emissions Research EPA Hot Transient Emission Test Results


Engine Modei: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Engine SIN: 11844196 SME

Test No.: l-SME-HI DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Date: 1 l/17/1997 Time: lo:23 HCR: 1.833 FID Resp: 1 .OO Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.120 C= 0.780 0= 0.100 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE


Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 54.2 “F 12.3 “C Abs. Humidity: 63.5 gr/lb 9.1 g/kg

Rel. Humidity: 48 96 Dilution Air:

HC HC

Temperature: 75.0 ‘F 23.9 “C Abs. Humidity 32.3 gr/lb 4.6 glkg

Rel. Humidity: 25 96


Sample n/a 4.05 ppm Bckgrd n/a 4.07 ppm

CO Sample 7.0 2 6.67 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.2 2 0.19 ppm NOx Sample n/a 52.08 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.1 2 0.10 ppm CO2 Sample 71.9 1 0.6076 9b CO2 Bckgrd 7.8 1 0.0455 9b

Corrected Concentrations HC 0.16 wm co 6.36 wm NOx 51.31 wm co2 0.5641 %

Mass Emissions HC 0.118 grams co 9.549 grams NOx 122.908 grams Particulate 1.908 grams

co2 13.312 kg Fuel 10.28 lb 4.66 kg

Sample Flows scfm



20X20 Sample Rate: 50.53 47 mm Sampie Rate: 29.41 Chemistry Sample Rate: 2.67 Total Flow Rate: 2,265.56

scmm - 61.78 -

0.00

0.05 0.09 0.04 1.43 0.83 0.08

64.16

Particulate Data Filter Number: 8933.0-2 (pair) Weight Gain, mg: 1.193 Sample Multiplier: 1.600

Correction Factors NOx Humidity CF: 0.971 Dry-to-Wet CF. Sample: 0.987 Dry-to-Wet CF, Bckgrd: 0.993 Dilution Factor: 22.76


-

Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.005 g/hp-hr 0.007 g/kW-hr co 0.396 g/hp-hr 0.531 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 5.094 g/hp-hr 6.831 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.079 g/hp-hr 0.106 g/kW-hr co2 551.7 g/hp-hr 739.81 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.426 Ib/hp-hr 0.259 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 11/19/1997 14:46 B-2 Page 1 of 2


Project No. 08-1039-000

Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Enqine S/N: 11844196 SM-E

Test No.: l-SME-H2 DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Date: 1 l/l 7/l 997 Time: 11:03 HCR: 1.833 FID Resp: 1 .OO Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.120 C= 0.780 0= 0.100 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cat-t: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE

Ambientrrest Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.53 in Hg 100.0 kPa Engine Inlet Air

Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 54.5 “F 12.5 “C Abs. Humidity: 64.3 gr/lb 9.2 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 49 46

Dilution Air: Temperature: 75.0 ‘F 23.9 “C Abs. Humidity 32.3 gr/lb 4.6 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 25 %

Measured Gaseous Data Meter Range Concentration

HC Sample n/a 4.39 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 4.63 ppm CO Sample 6.9 2 6.57 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.4 2 0.38 ppm NOx Sample n/a 52.17 ppm [Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.2 2 _ 0.20 ppm CO2 Sample 71.3 1 0.6003 “/b CO2 Bckgrd 7.8 1 0.0455 9b

Corrected Concentrations HC -0.04 wm co 6.08 wm NOx 51.31 pm co2 0.5568 96


co2 13.084 kg Fuel 10.11 lb 4.58 kg

Sample Flows scfm scmm

Blower 1 Rate: 2,171.4 61.49 Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 : 90 mm System:

Gas Meter 1: 1.59 0.05 Gas Meter 2: 3.03 0.09 Sample Rate: 1.44 0.04

20X20 Sample Rate: 50.62 1.43 47 mm Sample Rate: 29.75 0.84 Total Flow Rate: 2,253.19 63.81


Correction Factors NOx Humidity CF: 0.973 Dry-to-Wet CF, Sample: 0.987 Dry-to-Wet CF. Bckgrd: 0.993 Dilution Factor: 23.03

Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.80 set Work: 24.22 hp-hr 18.06 kW-hr Reference Work: 24.82 hp-hr 18.51 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmlx): 45.356.7 scf 1,284.53 scm

Brake-Specific Emission Results

BSHC (Cell) 0.000 g/hp-hr 0.000 g/kW-hr co 0.375 g/hp-hr 0.504 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 5.062 g/hp-hr 6.789 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.078 g/hp-hr 0.104 g/kW-hr co2 540.2 glhp-hr 724.43 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.417 Ib/hp-hr 0.254 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 1 l/l 7/l 997 14:28 B-3 Page 1 of 1

Southwest Research institute - Department of Emissions Research

EPA Cold Transient Emission Test Results Project No. 08-I 039-000

Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: I-SMEC2 DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) I-6 Date: 11 /18/l 997 Time: 09:30 HCR: 1.833 FID Resp: 1 .OO Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.120 C= 0.780 0= 0.100 X= 0.000 Engine SIN: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE SME

Ambient/Test Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.35 In Hg 99.4 kPa Engine Inlet Air

Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 54.2 “F 12.3 “C

Abs. Humidity: 64.0 gr/lb 9.1 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 48 %

Dilution Air: Temperature: 77.0 ‘F 25.0 “C Abs. Humrdity 59.8 gr/lb 0.5 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 42 ‘%


HC Sample nia 4.53 ppm HC Bckgrd nla 3.96 ppm CO Sample 9.5 2 9.07 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.8 2 0.76 ppm NOx Sampie n/a 54.88 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.1 2 0.10 ppm CO2 Sample 75.1 1 0.6471 “;o CO2 Bckgrd 8.1 1 0.0473 96

Corrected Concentrations HC 0.76 wm co 8.12 wm NOx 53.71 wm co2 0.6020 96

Mass Emissions HC 0.558 grams co 12.116 grams NOx 127.990 grams Particulate 1.773 grams co2 14.117 kg Fuel 10.91 fb 4.95 kg


Blower 1 Rate: 2,173.0 61.54 -- Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 90 mm System:


20X20 Sample Rate: 49.93 1.41 47 mm Sample Rate: 24.41 0.69 Chemrstry Sample Rate: 2.59 0.07 Total Flow Rate: 2,251.25 63.76

Particulate Data Filter Number: 8935.0-4 (pair) Weight Gain, mg: 1.072 Sample MultiplIer: 1.654



- Brake-Specific Emission Results

BSHC (Cell) 0.023 g/hp-hr 0.031 g/kW-hr co 0.508 g/hp-hr 0.682 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 5.369 glhp-hr 7.200 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.074 g/hp-hr 0.100 g/kW-hr co2 592.2 g/hp-hr 794.11 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.458 Ib/hp-hr 0.278 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 1 1:19/l 997 15:Ol B-4 Page 1 of 2



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Enqine S/N: 11844196 SME

Test No.: l-SME-H3 DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Date: 1 l/l 8/l 997 Time: lo:10 HCR: 1.833 FID Resp: 1.00 Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.120 C= 0.780 0= 0.100 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE


Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 55.4 “F 13.0 “C Abs. Humidity: 66.8 gr/ib 9.5 g/kg Rel. Humidrty: 51 9b

Dilution Air: Temperature: 78.0 ‘F 25.6 “C Abs. Humrdrty 53.5 gr/lb 7.6 g/kg Rel. Humrdity: 37 96

Sample Flows scfm



20X20 Sample Rate: 49.47 47 mm Sample Rate: 23.32 Chemrstry Sample Rate: 2.61 Total Flow Rate: 2,249.93

scmm 61.55

0.00 :

0.04 0.08 0.04 1.40 0.66 0.07

63.72 Measured Gaseous Data

Meter Range Concentration HC Sample nia 4.37 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 4.47 ppm CO Sample 7.4 2 7.05 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.4 2 0.38 ppm NOx Sample n/a 52.48 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.1 2- 0.10 ppm CO2 Sample 71.5 1 0.6027 96 CO2 Bckgrd 7.9 1 0.0461 96

Particulate Data Filter Number: 8954.0-g (pair) Weight Gain, mg: 1.039 Sample Multiplier: 1.633



Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,208.lO set Work: 24.14 hp-hr 18.00 kW-hr Reference Work: 25.03 hp-hr 18.66 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmixj: 45.249.9 scf 1,281.50 scm

Mass Emissions Brake-Specific Emission Results

HC 0.070 grams BSHC (Cell) 0.003 g/hp-hr 0.004 g/kW-hr co 9.736 grams co 0.403 gihp-hr 0.541 g/kW-hr NOx 123.483 grams NOx (Cell) 5.115 g/hp-hr 6.860 g/kW-hr Particulate 1.697 grams Particulate 0.070 g/hp-hr 0.094 g/kW-hr

co2 13.096 kg co2 542.5 gihp-hr 727.51 g/kW-hr

Fuel 10.12 lb 4.59 kg BSFC 0.419 Ib/hp-hr 0.255 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 11/19/1997 1509 B-5 Page 1 of 2

Southwest Research institute - Department of Emissions Research EPA Hot Transient Emission Test Results


Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: l-SME-H4 DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) f-6 Date: 11 /18/l 997 Time: 1050 HCR: 1.833 FID Resp: 1 .OO Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.120 C= 0.780 0= 0.100 X= 0.000 Engine SIN: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Can: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE SME

Ambient/lest Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.34 in Hg 99.3 kPa Engine Inlet Air

Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 55.1 “F 12.8 “C Abs. Humidfty: 66.1 gr/lb 9.4 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 50 46

Dilution Air: Temperature: 78.0 ‘F 25.6 ‘C Abs. Humidity 53.5 grllb 7.6 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 37 9b


HC Sample n/a 4.35 ppm HC Bckgrd nia 3.42 ppm CO Sample 6.5 2 6.19 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.4 2~ 0.38 ppm NOx Sample n/a 54.32 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd n/a 2 0.00 ppm CO2 Sample 71.6 1 0.6040 96 CO2 Bckgrd 8.0 1 0.0467 ‘?A



co2 13.103 kg Fuel 10.12 lb 4.59 kg

Sample Flows scfm



20X20 Sample Rate: 49.24 47 mm Sample Rate: 23.82 Total Flow Rate: 2.246.66

scmm 61.52 -

0.00

0.04 0.08 0.04 1.39 0.67

63.63

Particulate Data Filter Number: 8959.0-l 1 (pair) Weight Gain, mg: 1.035 Sample Multiplier: 1.688

Correction Factors NOx Humidity CF: 0.977 Dry-to-Wet CF, Sample: 0.982 Dry-to-Wet CF, Bckgrd: 0.988 Dilution Factor: 22.90

Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.50 set Work: 24.20 hp-hr 18.05 kW-hr Reference Work: 25.03 hp-hr 18.66 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmrx): 45.214.0 scf 1.280.49 scm

Brake-Specific Emission Results _ BSHC (Cell) 0.033 gihp-hr 0.044 g/kW-hr co 0.350 g/hp-hr 0.470 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 5.277 glhp-hr 7.077 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.072 g/hp-hr 0.097 g/kW-hr co2 541.4 g/hp-hr 726.08 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.418 Ib/hp-hr 0.254 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 11!1811997 13:45 B-6 Page 1 of 1

Southwest Research Institute - Department of Emissions Research

EPA Cold Transient Emission Test Results Project No. 08-l 039-000

Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Engine S/N: 11844196 SME

Test No.: 1-SME-C3 DIESEL SME, EM->481-F Date: 11 /19/l 997 Time: 09:09 HCR: 1.821 FID Resp: 1.00 Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.118 C= 0.772 0= 0.110 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE

Ambientrrest Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.40 in Hg 99.5 kPa Engine Inlet Air

Temperature: 75.0 ‘F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 55.3 “F 12.9 “C Abs. Humidity: 66.5 gr/lb 9.5 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 50 46

Dilution Air: Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Abs. Humidity 63.0 gr/lb 9.0 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 48 96


HC Sample HC Bckgrd CO Sample CO Bckgrd NOx Sample NOx Bckgrd CO2 Sample CO2 Bckgrd

n/a 4.65 nla 3.72

11.2 2 10.72 2.0 2 1.89 n/a 54.89 0.1 2 0.10

- 74.3 1 0.6371 8.2 1 0.0479

Corrected Concentrations HC 1.10 w-n co 8.65 wm NOx 53.69 wm co2 0.5914 9b


HC 0.815 grams BSHC (Cell) 0.034 g/hp-hr 0.046 g/k@&hr co 12.958 grams co 0.541 g/hp-hr 0.725 g/kW-hr NOx 129.277 grams NOx (Cell) 5.396 g/hp-hr 7.236 g/kW-hr Particulate 1.955 grams Particulate 0.082 g/hp-hr 0.109 g/kW-hr co2 13.924 kg co2 581 .l g/hp-hr 779.30 g/kW-hr Fuel 10.87 lb 4.93 kg BSFC 0.454 Ib/hp-hr 0.276 kg/kW-hr

pm wm wm w-n pm (Dry) wm % 46

Sample Flows scfm



20X20 Sample Rate: 49.45 47 mm Sample Rate: 23.97 Chemistry Sample Rate: 2.54 Total Flow Rate: 2,260.75

scmm 61.84

0.00 --

O-04 0.08 0.04 1.40 0.68 0.07

64.03

Particulate Data Filter Number: 8975.0-l 9 (pair) Weight Gain, mg: 1.179 Sample Multiplier: 1.658



Analyzed: 1112011997 lo:55 B-7 Page 1 of 2

Southwest Research Institute - Department of Emissions Research

EPA Hot Transient Emission Test Results Project No. 08-l 039-000

Engine Mode!: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: 1 -SME-H.5 DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Date: 11 /19/l 997 Time: 09:49 HCR: 1.821 FID Resp: 1 .OO Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.118 C= 0.772 0= 0.110 X= 0.000 Engine S/N: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Cat-t: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE SME


Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 54.2 “F 12.3 “C Abs. Humidity: 63.8 gr/lb 9.1 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 48 %

Dilution Air: Temperature: 76.0 “F 24.4 “C Abs. Humidity 56.7 grllb 8.1 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 42 9’0


HC Sample n/a 4.55 ppm HC Bckgrd nta 3.87 ppm CO Sample 7.5 2 7.15 ppm CO Bckgrd 1.1 2 _ 1.04 ppm NOx Sample nla - 53.75 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.1 2 0.10 ppm CO2 Sample 73.5 1 0.6272 9b CO2 Bckgrd 8.4 1 0.0492 9’ 0



co2 13.666 kg Fuel 10.67 lb 4.84 kg


Blower 1 Rate: 2,184-O 61.85 ’ Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 90 mm System:


20X20 Sample Rate: 49.18 1.39 47 mm Sample Rate: 23.59 0.67 Chemistry Sample Rate: 2.59 0.07 Total Flow Rate: 2.260.74 64.03




Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.026 g/hp-hr 0.035 g/kW-hr co 0.371 g/hp-hr 0.497 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 5.204 g/hp-hr 6.978 g/kW-hr Particutate 0.077 glhp-hr 0.103 g/kW-hr co2 564.5 g/hp-hr 756.97 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.441 Ib/hp-hr 0.268 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 11;20/1997 11:OO B-8 Page 1 of 2



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Engine SIN: 11844196 SME

Test No.: 1 SME-HG DIESEL SME, EM-2481-F Date: 11 /19/l 997 Time: 1029 HCR: 1.821 FID Resp: 1 .OO Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.118 C= 0.772 0= 0.110 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 1 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE


Temperature: 76.0 “F 24.4 “C Dew Point: 55.1 “F 12.8 “C Abs. Humtdity: 66.0 gr/lb 9.4 g/kg Ret. Humidity: 48 96

Dilutton Air: Temperature: 76.0 “F 24.4 “C Abs. Humidity 56.7 gr/lb 8.1 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 42 96



n/a 4.97 n/a 4.43 7.6 2 7.24 1.3 2 1.23 n/a 53.66 0.1 2 - 0.10 ‘1.8 1 0.6064 9.2 1 0.0541

iwm wm pm mm pm (Dry) wm 0, G


Mass Emissions HC 0.543 grams co 8.829 grams NOx 126.312 grams Particulate 1.920 grams co2 13.046 kg Fuel 10.18 lb 4.62 kg


Blower 1 Rate: 2.180.9 61.77 Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 ‘- 90 mm System:




Correction Factors NOx Humrdity CF: 0.977 Dry-to-Wet CF, Sample: 0.982 Dry-to-Wet CF. Bckgrd: 0.987 Dilution Factor: 22.92



BSHC (Cell) 0.022 g/hp-hr 0.030 g/kW--hr co 0.364 g/hp-hr 0.489 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 5.213 g/hp-hr 6.991 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.079 gihp-hr 0.106 g/kW-hr co2 538.4 g/hp-hr 722.06 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.420 Ib/hp-hr 0.256 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 11!19/1997 14:OO B-9 Page 1 of 1



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Engme S/N: 11844196 2-D

Test No.: I-2D-Cl DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Date: 11:24/l 997 Time: 01:06 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1.00 Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C= 0.869 0= 0.000 X= 0.000 Cell: c Bag Can: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE


Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 55.8 “F 13.2 “C Abs. Humidity: 67.9 gr/lb 9.7 g/kg Rel. Humrdity: 51 70

Dilution Air: Temperature: 77.0 “F 25.0 “C Abs. Humidity 55.3 gr/lb 7.9 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 39 Sb


HC Sample n/a 12.32 HC Bckgrd n/a 5.00 CO Sample 17.6 2 17.83 CO Bckgrd 0.9 2- 0.95 NOx Sample n/a - 55.44 NOx Bckgrd 0.6 2 0.60 CO2 Sample 76.8 1 0.6866 CO2 Bckgrd 8.7 1 0.0534

Corrected Concentrations HC 7.57 wm co 16.48 pm NOx 53.83 pm co2 0.6359 “/b


HC 5.551 grams BSHC (Cell) 0.211 g/hp-hr 0.283 g/kW-hr co 24.481 grams co 0.930 g/hp-hr 1.247 g/kW-hr NOx 128.972 grams NOx (Cell) 4.898 glhp-hr 6.569 g/kW-hr Particulate 3.066 grams Particulate 0.116 g/hp-hr 0.156 g/kW-hr co2 14.843 kg co2 563.7 g/hp-hr 755.97 g/kW-hr Fuel 10.32 lb 4.68 kg BSFC 0.392 Ib/hp-hr 0.238 kg/kW-hr

Sample Flows scfm scmm 2,168.a 61.42

0.0 0.00

Blower 1 Rate: Blower 2 Rate: 90 mm System:

Gas Meter 1: Gas Meter 2: Sample Rate:

20X20 Sample Rate: 47 mm Sample Rate: Chemrstry Sample Rate: Total Flow Rate:

1.59 0.04 2.87 0.08 1.28 0.04

48.04 1.36 19.96 0.57

2.56 0.07 2.240.61 63.46



Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.80 set Work: 26.33 hp-hr 19.63 kW-hr Reference Work: 27.24 hp-hr 20.31 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmix): 45,051.g scf 1,275.90 scm

Analyzed: 12’01 /1997 11:50 B-13 Page 1 of 2



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: 1-2D-Hl DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Date: 11/24/l 997 Time: 01:46 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1.00 Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -Fi H= 0.131 C= 0.869 0= 0.000 X= 0.000 Engine S/N: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE 2-D

AmbienKTest Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.30 in Hg 99.2 kPa Engine inlet Air

Temperature: 76.0 “F 24.4 “C Dew Point: 53.7 “F 12.1 “C Abs. Humidity: 62.9 gr/lb 9.0 g/kg Rel. Humrdity: 46 %

Dilution Air: Temperature: 77.0 “F 25.0 “C Abs. Humidity 64.7 gr/lb 9.2 g/kg Rel. Humrdity: 46 9b


HC Sample n/a 13.10 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 5.99 ppm CO Sample 12.6 2 12.90 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.3 2 0.32 ppm NOx Sample n/a 52.82 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.6 2 _ 0.60 ppm CO2 Sample 74.6 1 0.6572 96 CO2 Bckgrd 7.8 1 0.0477 %

Corrected Concentrations HC 7.40 wm co 12.25 wm NOx 51.16 mm co2 0.6118 76


co2 14.221 kg Fuel 9.88 lb 4.48 kg

Sample Flows scfm


Gas Meter 1: i .5a Gas Meter 2: 2.86 Sample Rate: i .2a

20X20 Sample Rate: 40.85 47 mm Sample Rate: 20.14 Chemrstry Sample Rate: 2.54 Total Flow Rate: 2.231.99

scmm 61.38 _

0.00

0.04 0.08 0.04 1.16 0.57 0.07

63.21




Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.202 g/hp-hr 0.270 g/kW-hr co 0.676 g/hp-hr 0.907 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 4.497 glhp-hr 6.030 g/kW-hr Partrculate 0.104 gihp-hr 0.140 g/kW-hr co2 530.6 g/hp-hr 711.59 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.369 Ib/hp-hr 0.224 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 12/01/l 997 11:57 B-14 Page 1 of 2



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: l-2D-H2 DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) i-6 Date: 11/24/l 997 Time: 02:26 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1 .OO Engine Cycle: Diesei Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C= 0.869 0= 0.000 X= 0.000 Engine S/N: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE 2-D


Temperature: 76.0 “F 24.4 “C

Dew Point: 55.1 “F 12.8 “C Abs. Humidity: 66.3 gr/lb 9.5 g/kg Rel. Humrdity: 48 %

Dilution Air: Temperature: 77.0 “F 25.0 “C Abs. Humrdity 64.7 grilb 9.2 glkg Rel. Humrdity: 46 96


HC Sample n/a 13.67 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 6.18 ppm CO Sample 12.5 2 12.80 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.4 2 0.42 ppm NOx Sample n/a 53.07 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.5 2 0.50 ppm CO2 Sample 76.2 1 0.6785 “:o CO2 Bckgrd 8.8 1 0.0540 96


Mass Emissions HC 5.693 grams co 17.830 grams NOx 122.344 grams Particulate 2.726 grams co2 14.580 kg

Fuel 10.13 lb 4.59 kg


Blower 1 Rate: 2,166.3 61.35 -- Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 90 mm System:





Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.50 set Work: 26.88 hp-hr 20.04 kW-hr Reference Work: 27.24 hp-hr 20.31 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmix): 44868.4 scf 1,270.70 scm


BSHC (Cell) 0.212 g/hp-hr 0.284 g/kW-hr co 0.663 g/hp-hr 0.890 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 4.551 g/hp-hr 6.104 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.101 g/hp-hr 0.136 g/kW-hr co2 542.4 glhp-hr 727.39 g/kW-hr

BSFC 0.377 lb/ho-hr 0.229 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 11/24/1997 1651 B-15 Page 1 of 1



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14

Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Engine S/N: 11844196 2-D

Test No.: 1-2D-C2 DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Date: 11/25/l 997 Time: 09:13 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1 .OO Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C= 0.869 O= 0.000 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE

Ambient/Test Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.33 in Hg 99.3 kPa Engrne Inlet Air


Dilution Air: Temperature: 76.0 “F 24.4 “C Abs. Humrdrty 81.2 grllb 11.6 g/kg Ret. Humidity: 59 96


Blower 1 Rate: 2,170.O 61.46 Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 90 mm System:


20X20 Sample Rate: 36.48 1.03 47 mm Sample Rate: 21.48 0.61 Chemrstry Sample Rate: 2.59 0.07 Total Flow Rate: 2,231.88 63.21


HC Sample n/a 13.09 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 5.83 ppm CO Sample 17.0 2 17.24 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.1 2 0.11 ppm NOx Sample nia 56.04 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.3 2- 0.30 ppm CO2 Sample 77.8 1 0.7002 “/b CO2 Bckgrd 8.4 1 0.0515 %



Corrected Concentrations HC 7.56 pm co 16.58 mm NOx 54.37 wm co2 0.6514 %



HC 5.518 grams BSHC (Cell) 0.208 g/hp-hr 0.278 g/kW-hr co 24.522 grams co 0.922 g/hp-hr 1.237 g/kW-hr NOx 129.129 grams NOx (Cell) 4.856 g/hp-hr 6.512 g/kW-hr Particulate 3.072 grams Particulate 0.116 g/hp-hr 0.155 g/kW-hr

co2 15.139 kg co2 569.4 g/hp-hr 763.52 g/kW-hr

Fuel 10.52 lb 4.77 kg BSFC 0.396 Iblhp-hr 0.241 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 12/02/l 997 13:55 B-16 Page 1 of 2

Southwest Research institute - Department of Emissions Research EPA Hot Transient Emission Test Results


Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: 1-ZD-H3 DIESEL 2D. EM-2494-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Date: 11/25/l 997 Time: 09:53 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1.00 Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C= 0.869 0= 0.000 X= 0.000 Engine S/N: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE 2-D

Ambient/Test Cell Conditions Barometer: 29.33 rn Hg 99.3 kPa Engine Inlet Air

Temperature: 76.0 ‘F 24.4 “C Dew Point: 55.1 “F 12.8 “C Abs. Humtdity: 66.2 gr/lb 9.5 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 48 %

Dilution Air: Temperature: 77.0 “F 25.0 “C Abs. Humidity 79.5 gr/lb 11.4 gikg Rel. Humidity: 56 46


HC Sample nla 14.26 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 4.54 ppm CO Sample 13.3 2 13.59 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.3 2 0.32 ppm NOx Sample n/a - 51.99 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.3 2 0.30 ppm CO2 Sample 77.2 1 0.6920 96 CO2 Bckgrd 8.9 1 0.0547 46

Corrected Concentrations HC 9.95 pm co 12.87 wm NOx 50.44 wm co2 0.6401 46

Mass Emissions HC 7.296 grams co 19.120 grams NOx 120.359 grams Particulate 2.868 grams co2 14.946 kg Fuel lo.39 lb 4.71 kg


Blower 1 Rate: 2,170.O 61.46 - Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 90 mm System:





Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.60 set Work: 26.87 hp-hr 20.04 kW-hr Reference Work: 27.34 hp-hr 20.39 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmix): 45.068.7 scf 1,276.37 scm

- Brake-Specific Emission Results

BSHC (Cell) 0.272 g/hp-hr 0.364 g/kW-hr co 0.712 g/hp-hr 0.954 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 4.479 g/hp-hr 6.007 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.107 g/hp-hr 0.143 g/kW-hr co2 556.2 gfhp-hr 745.93 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.387 Ib/hp-hr 0.235 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 1210511997 lo:09 B-17 Page 1 of 2



Engtne Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Engine Cycle: Diesel Engine S/N: 11844196 2-D

Test No.: l-2D-H4 DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Date: 11/25/l 997 Time: 10133 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1 .OO Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C= 0.869 0= 0.000 X= 0.000 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE



Dilutron Air: Temperarure: 74.0 “F 23.3 “C Abs. Humidity 89.8 gr/lb 12.8 g/kg Rel. Humrdrty: 70 96

Measured Gaseous Data Meter Ranqe Concentration


- n/a n/a

13.5 2 0.3 2 n/a 0.3 2 -

77.2 1

9.4 1

14.66 6.44

13.79 0.32

51.88 0.30

0.6920 0.0579

Corrected Concentrations HC 8.55 mm co 13.00 wm NOx 50.22 wm co2 0.6371 96



Blower 1 Rate: 2,169.0 61.43 _ Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 . 90 mm System:





Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.40 set Work: 26.96 hp-hr 20.10 kW-hr Reference Work: 27.34 hp-hr 20.39 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmix): 45,070.l scf 1,276.41 scm

Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.232 g/hp-hr 0.312 g/kW-hr co 0.717 gihp-hr 0.961 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 4.453 glhp-hr 5.972 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.105 g/hp-hr 0.141 g/kW-hr co2 551.8 g/hp-hr 739.94 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.383 Ib/hp-hr 0.233 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 11:2511997 13:48 B-18 Page 1 of 1


Project No. 08-I 039-000

Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: 1-2D-H5 DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Date: 11126/l 997 Time: 09:32 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1.00 Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C- 0.869 0= 0.000 X= 0.000 Engine SIN: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE 2-D


Temperature: 76.0 “F 24.4 “C Dew Point: 55.1 “F 12.8 “C Abs. Humidity: 66.4 gr/lb 9.5 g/kg

Re!. Humidity: 48 % Dilution Air:

Temperature: 77.0 ‘F 25.0 “C Abs. Humidity 74.8 gr/lb 10.7 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 53 96


HC Sampie n/a 14.65 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 6.47 ppm CO Sample 14.6 2 14.88 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.7 2 0.74 ppm NOx Sample n/a 52.89 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.4 2 0.40 ppm CO2 Sampie 77.2 1 0.6920 9b CO2 Bckgrd 9.3 1 0.0572 “,b

Corrected Concentrations HC 8.51 mm co 13.74 wm NOx 51.28 wm co2 0.6377 %


co2 14,814 kg Fuel 10.30 lb 4.67 kg


Blower 1 Rate: 2,160.6 61.19 A- Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 90 mm System:


20X20 Sample Rate: 40.50 1.15 47 mm Sample Rate: 25.84 0.73 Chemistry Samole Rate: 2.57 0.07 Total Flow Rate: 2,230.76 63.18



Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1,207.30 set Work: 26.68 hp-hr 19.90 kW-hr Reference Work: 27.26 hp-hr 20.33 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmtx): 44,835.0 scf 1,269.75 scm

- Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.233 g/hp-hr 0.312 g/kW-hr co 0.761 g/hp-hr 1.021 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 4.566 g/hp-hr 6.123 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.104 g/hp-hr 0.139 g/kW-hr co2 555.2 glhp-hr 744.58 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.386 Ib/hp-hr 0.235 kg/kW-hr

B-19

Analyzed: lYO211997 13:56 Page 1 of 2



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: I-2D-C3 DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Date: 11/26/l 997 Time: 08:52 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1 .OO Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C= 0.869 O= 0.000 X= 0.000 Engine S/N: 11844196 Ceil: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE 2-6


Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 53.7 “F 12.1 “C Abs. Humidity: 63.1 gr/lb 9.0 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 47 %

Dilution Air: Temperature: 77.0 “F 25.0 “C Abs. Humidity 80.0 grilb 11.4 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 56 96


HC Sample n/a 13.39 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 5.38 ppm CO Sample 16.5 2 16.75 ppm CO Bckgrd 0.1 2 0.11 ppm NOx Sample n/a 56.57 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.3 2 _ 0.30 ppm CO2 Sample 77.5 1 0.6961 9/, CO2 Bckgrd 8.6 1 0.0528 96



co2 14.992 kg

Fuel 10.42 lb 4.73 kg


Blower 1 Rate: 2,159.3 61.15 Blower 2 Rate: 0.0 0.00 _- 90 mm System:





Test Cycle Data Sample Time: 1.206.90 set Work: 26.43 hp-hr 19.71 kW-hr Reference Work: 27.26 hp-hr 20.33 kW-hr Total Volume (Vmix): 44,792.o scf 1,268.54 scm

Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.228 gihp-hr 0.306 g/k%‘-hr co 0.901 g/hp-hr 1.208 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 4.888 g/hp-hr 6.556 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.113 g/hp-hr 0.152 g/kW-hr co2 567.2 g/hp-hr 760.66 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.394 Iblhp-hr 0.240 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 12/02/l 997 13% B-20 Page 1 of 2



Engine Model: 97 CUMMINS N-14 Test No.: 1-2D-H6 DIESEL 2D, EM-2494-F Engine Desc.: 14.0 L (855 CID) l-6 Date: 1112611997 Time: lo:12 HCR: 1.796 FID Resp: 1.00 Engine Cycle: Diesel Program HDT: 4.01 -R H= 0.131 C= 0.869 0= 0.000 X= 0.000 Engine SIN: 11844196 Cell: 4 Bag Cart: 2 Engine Oil: CUMMINS BLUE 2-D


Temperature: 75.0 “F 23.9 “C Dew Point: 55.8 “F 13.2 “C Abs. Humidity: 68.2 gr/lb 9.7 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 51 9b

Dilution Air: Temperature: 77.0 “F 25.0 “C Abs. Humtdtty 74.8 grilb 10.7 g/kg Rel. Humidity: 53 96


HC Sample n/a 15.35 ppm HC Bckgrd n/a 4.37 ppm CO Sample 15.3 2 15.57 ppm CO Bckgrd 1.1 2- 1.16 ppm NOx Sample n/a - 52.62 ppm (Dry) NOx Bckgrd 0.2 2 0.20 ppm CO2 Sample 77.7 1 0.6989 46 CO2 Bckgrd 10.8 1 0.0669 5’0

Corrected Concentrations HC 11.21 wm co 14.02 mm NOx 51.21 wm co2 0.6354 ?o


Sample Flows

Blower 1 Rate: Blower 2 Rate: 90 mm System:

Gas Meter 1: Gas Meter 2: Sample Rate:

20X20 Sample Rate: 47 mm Sample Rate: Total Flow Rate:

scfm scmm 2,160.4 61.18 s-

0.0 0.00

1.59 0.05 2.88 0.08 1.29 0.04

41.19 1.17 25.68 0.73

2,228.52 63.11

Particulate Data Filter Number: 9061 .O-47 (pair) Weight Gain, mg: 1.612 Sample Multiplier: 1.729



Brake-Specific Emission Results BSHC (Cell) 0.304 g/hp-hr 0.408 g/kW-hr co 0.771 g/hp-hr 1.033 g/kW-hr NOx (Cell) 4.544 g/hp-hr 6.093 g/kW-hr Particulate 0.104 g/hp-hr 0.139 g/kW-hr co2 549.0 g/hp-hr 736.21 g/kW-hr BSFC 0.382 Ib/hp-hr 0.232 kg/kW-hr

Analyzed: 1 l/26/1 997 14:07 B-21 Page 1 of 1

APPENDIX C

C, - C,, SPECIATION DATA

REPORT 08.1039A

COMPOSITE SUMMARY

I-SME-1 I l?iME-2 I 1.SME-3 I I-20.1 I l-20-2 l-20-3

1 OZONE, 1 OZONE, 1 OZONE, 1 OZONE, 1 OZONE, OZONE,

TRANS.3-NONENE

I--- CIS-3.NONENE

NONANE

COMPOllNLl

ICUMENE)

1YL.2.ETHYLBENZENE

I-1 I l-2

OZONE, 1

l-3 OZONE.

MG/DHP-HR

0.c 0.4

0.C

0.7

0.c 04

0.f 3.i

2r 4.:

I 0.0 000 00 0 00 00 0.42 30 0.40 0.00 0.0 , 0.00 0.0 0.07 0.6 0.76 6.7 0581 000 0.0 0 00 00 0 00 00 000 00 0001 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 00 0.0 000 00 000 0.0 0001 0.0

oool 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 00 00 0 00 0.0 0.00 0.0 JE hx bulvlbenzenel 0001 00 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 0.03 01 000 0.0

00 000 0.0 0.00 oo_ 000 00 0 00 00 000 0.0 0 28 25 0 33 29 000 0.0

001 0.00 I 0001 ooL --o.oo 00 0 00 00 000 0.0

LBENZENE 0001

0.0 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 --I 0.0 0.00 00 000 0.0 2 19 19.6 0.80 7.3 0.24 22

000 00 0.00 0.0 000 00 000 00 000 00 0.00 00 0.00 0.0 000 0.0

I 0.05 0.01 0.00 1 0.01 0.00 1 0.0 1 0.55 1 3.2 1 0.391 ‘2.31 0.42 1 2.4 0.0 I 0.00 1 001 0001 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0 1 0001 0.0

nnl ncol 1 nl c-8771 ” 74 I 13

0.0 1 0001 001 0.00 1 001 0.001 001 0.00 1 0.0) OOOJ 0.0 I 0001 0001 001 0.00 1 001 0231 0.3 I 0.25 1 031 0.371 0.4

DEHYDE

0.00 0.0 0.00 00 3.71 14.2 5.33 203 3 89 14.6

67.9 8.99 64.3 6.72 62.4 12.86 92.0 13.60 97.2 13.62 974 3.07 I 17.0 3.05 16.6 3.04 16.6 4.78 26.4 ’ 4.61 25.5 4.66 26.8

14.6 2.76 16.7 2.54 17.2 I .65 11.1 1.15 7.0 1.52 10.3 nr nFlI “R 1 RA IlA

I 0.96 1 5.21 0641 3.5 1 0.81 1 4.4 1 1.671 9.1 I 2.29 1 12.41 1.671

I-SME-1 I-WE-2 1.WE-3 1-2D-1 1.2D-2 I -20.3

OZONE, OZONE, OZONE, OZONE, OZONE. OZONE,

COMPOUNU MG/BHP-HH MGIBHP-HR MGBHP-tiR MG,W,P-HR MG/BHP.HFl MGWHP-HR MGIEIHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MG/BHP-Hfl MGWHP-HR MGWHP-HR ISOElUlYRALDEHYDE. NOTE H 0.32 17 030 2.0 0.29 1.5 0.4 1 2.2 0.52 2.7 0.56 3.0 METHYL ETHYL KETONE. NOTE H 0 32 04 0 30 04 0.29 0.3 041 05 0.52 0.6 0.56 07 BENZALUEHYDE 0.04 .o.o 000 0.0 000 00 0.56 -0 3 0.47 -0 3 082 -0.5 ISOVALERALDEHYUE 054 24 0 02 36 0.63 2.8 0.60 2.7 0.24 1.1 0 29 13 VALERALDEHYDE 0 27 1.2 0.33 1.5 016 0.7 0.36 16 0 36 1.6 045 2.0

_ _. I ~~ ~~ 0.TOLUALDEHYDE I 0.37 1 -0 2 1 0.49 1 -0.31 0311 -0 2 1 0.34 1 -0.2 1 0.32 1 -0.2 1 0401 -0 2 M/P-TOLUALDEHYDE 1301 -0 7 I 1.41 1 -001 1.621 -0.9 1 2071 -1 11 I.871 -1.01 1.671 -0 9

HEXANALDEHY DE I 1081 4.1 I 0.90 1 3.4 1 0.90 1 341 0.46 1 1.7) 0.36 1 13) 0351 13

DlMETHYLBENZALDEHYDE 0.00 1 -0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0 I 0001 001 0261 -0.1 I 0471 -0.3 I 0231 -0 I

SUMMED SPECIATEO VALUES I 39 1 225 1 401 2251, 39 ) 221 I 731 364 1 I32 1 424 [ 771 396 1

A 2.2.Ditrlelhylpenlane and llrettlylcyclopelllane co-elule GC peak area split equally belween the Iwo compounds

B 3-Methyl~3~elhy.perllane co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. C Cis-1,4-Dirnethylcyclohexane co-elutes wlh reported compound. Not reporied separately D - Propylcyclopenlane co-elutes wllh reported compound. Nol reporled separately E - 2,5-Dimethylheprane and 3,5-dilnelhyllleplane co-elule GC peak area spill equally between Ihe two compounds.

F Decane and isobutylbenzene co clule GC peak area split equally belween the two compounds. G r,-Butylbenzene co-elutes wlh reporled compound Nol reported separalely ti Isobutyraldehyde and methyl etllyl ketone co elule LC peak area split equally between lhe two colnpounds

COLD START SUMMARY

COMPOUND I.IL I I I-l.L ETHANE

I-WE-I I-WE-2 1.SW-3 I-20-1 l-X-2 l-20-3

OZONE. OZONE, OZONE. OZONE, OZONE, OZONE.

~/‘BHP.tlR MGBHP-HR MGBHP-HR MGWHP-HR MG/BHP HR MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGWHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGBHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MG/BHP-HR 0.00 0.15

9.79

0.0 0.00 00 060 0.0 0 00 1 0.0 1 0.00 0.0 1 0001 0.0 00 019 0.0 023 01 0061 001 0.00 0.0 1 0 04 1 00

71 4 ~~ 9?!-- 670 ’ 9 37 GB 3 II 64 I 84.8 1 11.62 84.7 1 11541 a4 2 ETHYLENE PROPANE 0 00 00 000 00 0 00 00 0 00 0.0 000 00 000 00 PROPYLENE 1.60 15.1 1 42 134 1.57 14 a 369 34.7 3 63 34.1 3 62 34 0 ACElYLENE 1.72 0.9 I 68 06 1.74 09 2 24 1.1 2 17 I I 2.19 1.1 PROPADIENE 0 00 00 000 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 - 0 00 00 ~

I 0.00 1 001 0001 0.0 1 0 171 021 0151 0.2 1 0.00 1 001 0061 01 n nn nnl nnn nnl nnnf “I-II ,l,Ol ral n 1(1l 171 nrrl 17

2.2.DIMETHYLPROPANE

1.3 2.METHYLPROPANE (ISOBUTANE, I-BUTYNE

METHANOL

CIS-2.BUTENE 3.METHYL.1.BUTENE ETH”“l,-t’

smI . “L

2-M ETHYLBUTANE (ISOPENTANE)

071 63 0 72 64 I 12 100 1 10 9.8 1 10 98 0 23 12 022 1.2 I 04 55 0 93 49 0.96 51 000 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 000 00 0.00 00

0 00 00 000 0.0 0 11 04 0 22 09 0 22 09 021 09 I 08 II a 1.14 124 1 26 I3 7 1 37 150 131 14.3 1 33 I4 5 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 12 0.1 000 00 0.00 00 0 00 00

I 0.00 I 001 oool 001 0.00 J 001 ooor 001 0.001 001 0001 0.0 0001 001 0001 0.01 0001 001 0001 0.0 1 0.00 1 001 0001 0.0

1- ~~ 0001 I ooo(

JTYNE

iNTENE ETHYL-1.BUTENE

ITANE JENTIFIED C5 OLEFINS

ZTHYL-1.3.BUTADIENE TRANS.2.PENTENE 3.3.DIMETHYL-1.BUTENE

CIS-2.PENTENE 2.METHYL-2.BUTENE TERT-BUTANOL CYCLOPENTADIENE

2.2.DIMETHYLBUTANE

000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 00 0.00 0.0 000 00 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 0 00 0.0 000 00 000 0.0 000 0.0 000 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 00 0 00 0.0 0.00 00 0.00 00

CYCLOPENTENE 000 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 00 0.0 4.METHYL-I-PENTENE 0.00 00 000 00 000 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 3.METHYL-l-PENTENE 0.00 0.0 0 00 0.0 0.00 00 0.00 0.0 0 00 0.0 0.00 00

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ..^ I T ” ICYCLOPENTANE I

0.28 1 0.41 , 0.04 1 0.1 0.00 0.0 0.00 1 0.0 I 0.60 1 0.0 0.00 0.0 n‘wl nal nnsl 0.1 0.04 O.l*

2.5 0.54 2.4 2.51 0.54 1 2.4

001 0.02 I 0.0

c-7

t 1.SME-1 I I-SME-2 I 1 -SME-3 I 1.2D.l I 1.2D-2 I 1.2D-3

1 OZONE, 1 OZONE, 1 OZONE, ) OZONE. ( OZONE. 1 OZONE,

ACETONE 0.98 0.5 0.99 1 0.6 1.07 0.6 2.06 1 1.2 * 1.531 0.9 1 2.131 1.2

PROPIONALDEHYDE 1.66 12.3 1.26 1 6.4 1.12 7.3 1.551 10.2 2.77 1 16.11 1961 12.6

CROTONALDEHYDE 1.04 5.6 0.72 1 3.9 1.25 66 1.421 7.7 2.301 12.51 1.991 10.6

COMPOUND

1 .SME-1 I-SME-2 I l-WE-3 I 1.zu-1 I l.ZD-2 1.2D-3 OZONE, 1 OZONE, 1 i OZONE. 1 1 OZONE. 1 1 OZONE, 1 1 OZONE.

MG/RHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MG/BtI P-HH MG/E+lP-HR MG/BHP.HR MGBHP-HFI MGIBHP-HA MGWHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MGWIIP-Hn MG/EIHP-HR ISOBUl-YRALDEHYDE, NOTE H 0.37 2.0 0.46 2.4 0 32 1.7 0.50 2.6 0.43 2.3 044 2.3 METHYL ETHYL KETONE, NOTE H 0.37 04 0.46 0.5 0 32 0.4 0 50 0.6 043 0.5 044 0.5 BENZALDEHYDE 0 25 -0 1 0 00 00 000 00 0 6i -0 4 0.46 -0 3 0 66 -0 4 ISOVALERALDEHYDE 0.62 2 71 0.62 1 2.71 0 74 1 331 0 52 1 231 0261 1.11 031 I 14

I I VALERALDEHYDE 025 111 0311 14, 0161 07) 0.40 1 1.81 0471 2 11 0701 3 1.1 0.1OLUALDEHYDE 0 42 .0.2 1 0701 -0 4 1 0301 -0 2 I 0.171 -0 1 I 0291 -0.2 1 0 29 I -0.2

-- -_ M/P-TOLUALDEHYDE 1.45 HEXANALDEHYDE 1.01 38) 0671 331 0981 371 0521 201 0381 1.41 0371 14

I -_ DIMETHYLBENZALDEHYDE 0.00 0.01 0.00 1 OOl 0001 001 0X( -0 1 1 0.42 1 -021 0; !6 -0.1

-0 a 1 1351 -0. I , 1.701 -091 2.81 1 -1.51 2.171 -1.21 2031 -‘.‘I

1 SUMMED SPEClAl ED VALUES I 461 261 1 441 2431 511 268 1 84 1 4361 a1 I 4221 78 I 399

A 2.2.Dlmelhylpenlane and melhylcyclopenlane co-elule GC peak area splrt equally b&veer? the Iwo conrpounds I3 - 3-Methyl-3.elhy-perltane co-elules wilh reported compound. Nol reporled separately. C Cis-1.4.Dimelhylcyclohexane co-elutes wilh reporled compound Not reported separately D Propylcyclopenlane co-elules wrlh reported compound Not reporled separalely E 2.5Dimellrylheplane and 3.5.drmelhylheplane co.ekrle GC peak area splrl equally between the Iwo compounds. F Decane and isobulylbenzene co-elule GC peak area sphl equally belween Ihe two compounds. G n-Butylbenzene co-elules wilh reporled compound Nol repoded separalely H lsobutyraldehyde and methyl ethyl kelone co-elule LC peak area split equally between lhc Iwo compour~ds

HOT START SUMMARY

I-SME-1 I l.SME-2 I I-SME-3 1.ZD-I l-20-2 l-20-3

1 OZONE, 1 OZONE, OZONE, OZONE, OZONE, OZONE,

MG,WiP-HH MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MG/BIiP-Hf7 MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MG/BHP-HA MG/BHP-HR MGWHP-HR MGBHP-HR 0.00 0.0 1.08 0.0 0.78 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.11 00 0.04 0.0 006 0.0 015 00 0 13 0.0 0.00 0.0

8 15 59 4 0 13 549.3 0 00 50 9 1024 74 6 10.76 70.4 10.28 75 0 00 0 00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 1 PROPANE I 0.00 1 0.0 1 0001 0.0 1 0.00

METHANE ETHANE

ETHYLENE

COMPOUND

1 PROPYLENE I 1.491 1401 1491 14.01 1.41 1 133 ACETYLENE 1.46 07 146 0.7 143 07 PFiOPADlENE 0 00 00 0 00 0.0 0 00 00 BUTANE 000 00 0 00 0.0 000 00

TFIANS-2.BUTENE 0 00 00 0.00 00 000 00 I -BUTENE 0 67 60 0.70 62 0 73 65

2 METHYLPHOPENE (ISORUTYLENE) 0.19 10 0 20 1 1 0 25 1.3 2.2.DIMETHYLPf~OPANE (NEOPENTANE) 000 00 000 00 000 0.0

PROPYNE 0.10 04 000 00 000 0.0 1.3.BUTADIENE 101 11.0 1.13 12.3 121 13.1

2.METHYLPROPANE (ISOBLJTANE) 000 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 1-BUTYNE 000 00 0.00 0.0 000 00

METHANOL 0.00 00 CIS-2.BUTENE 0 00 0.0 3.METHYL-1-•UTENE 0.00 00 ETHANOL 0.00 00

2. 2.BUNNE 0.00 0.0

I-PENTENE 0.00 00 2.METHYL.1.BUTENE 0.00 0.0

M.E~HYLE&lTANE (ISOPENTANE) I 0001 0.0 1 0001 0.01 0.00 1 001

9 ;J

P,4-DMETHYLHEXANE 0.0 0.00 0.0 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 00 0.29 0.4 0.16 0.2 1.TRANS.2.CIS-4.TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 1 0.0 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 3.3.DIMETHYLHEXANE 0.00 1 0.0 000 0.0 I 0.00 00 0.M) 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0

1.WE.1 I-SME-2

OZONE, OZONE, OZONE,

COMPOUND

1 OZONE: 1 i-Z-1

MGIBHP-HR MG/WiP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGWHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MG/klHP.HR MGiBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGBHP-HR MGIDHP.HR MG/BHP-HR

I-TRANSZ-CIS-3.TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 -TRIMETHYIPENTANE - 0.00

0.0 1 001

a001 -0ooI

0.0

0.a 2.3.4 2.3.3.TRIMETHYLPENrANE 1 0001 001 0001 001

TOLUENE 2.3.DIMETHYLHEXANE

1,1.2-TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE

2.METHYLHEPTANE

3.4.DIMETHYLHEXANE, NOTE B 4.METHYLHEPTANE

3METHYLHEPTANE I-CIS,2-TRANS3TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE

CIS-1.3.DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE TRANS.1.4.DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE

3.ETHYLHEXANE 2.2.5.TRIMETHYLHEXANE TRANS.I-METHYL-3ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE

CIS-I-METHYL-3-ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 1.1.DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE

lRANS-I-METHYL-2.ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE I-METHYL-1.ETHYL-CYCLOPENTANE

2.4.4.TRIMETHYLHEXANE

0.59 0.00

0.00

16 00

00

0 44 0.00

0.00

1.2 0.0 oc

0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 00 0.00 00 0.08 0.1 0.00 0.0

000 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 004 0.0

0.16 05 0.80 22 0.70 1.9 042 12

0 00 0.0 0.00 0.0 024 0.3 O.? 19 0.5

0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 00 0.00 00

000 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.21 02

000 00 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 000 00

nnnl - --, nnl _._ nnnl _ __ onl nooL 001 0.00 0.0 nnnl VYV,

nnl “ “ ,

“fl”l V.VY,

nnl “ . ”

l-l” “.“O 0.0 1 0.00 0.0 000 00 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 00 0 00 00 0.00 00 000 00

0 00 00 0 00 00 0.00 00 0 00 00 0.00 00 0.00 0.0 0.20 0.2 028 03

0 23 02 000 00 000 00 031 03 0.00 00 0 00 00 0 19 02 0 00 00

- 000 0.0 0 37 0.7 051 10 0.58 1.1

000 0.0 0 00 00 0.00 00 000 0.0

0.00 0.0 0 00 00 000 00 000 00

0 00 00 000 0.0 0.00 00 0 00 00

0.00 0.0 0 00 0.0 000 00 000 00

2.2.4.TRIMETHYLHEXANE I 0001 001 ooor 001 0 00 0.0 000 00 000 00 0 00 00 TRWS-1.2.DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE 0001 001 0.00 1 001 0 00 0.0 0 00 00 000 00 000 00

0.00 00 000 0.0 000 00 0.00 00 1 I.OCT-E ~ I 0001 001 0.00 1 001 TRANS.4.OC lENE 1-- oool 001 oool 0.01 0.00 1 001 0001 0.01 o.ooj 001 O.OOJ 00

OCTANE 0.00 I 0.01 0.00 1 0.0 I 0.00 1 0.0 1 0291 0.21 0331 0.2 1 o.sa] 0.2

UNIDENTIFIED CE 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.23 0.8 TRANS.2.OCTENE 0 00 0.0 000 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 00

TRANS.1.3.DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE. NOTE C 0.00 00 000 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 00 0.00 00 000 00

CIS-2.OCTENE 000 00 000 0.0 000 0.0 0 00 00 0.00 00 000 00

1 ISOPROPYLCYCLOPENTANE 0.00 1 001 0.00 1 0.01 0001 001 0001 0.0 1 0001 001 0001 0.0 12.2.DIMETHYLHEPTANE 0.00 J 001 0001 0.0 I 0.00 1 0.0 1 0001 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0 1 0001 0.0

2.3,5-TRIMETHYLHEXANE I 0.00 I 0.0 I 0.00 1 001 0001 0.0 I 0.00 1 0.0 1 0.00 1 001 oooj 0.01 r19., -METHYL-2.ETHYLCYCLOPENTANE -.- . 2.4.DIMETHYLHEPTANE

4.4.DIMETHYLHEPTANE CIS-1,2-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE

ETHYLCYCLOHEXANE

P.SDIMETHYLHEPT> ANE. NOTE D

0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 000 00 0.00 00 000 00

0.00 0.0 000 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 00 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 00 0.0

0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 ’ 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 00

I ,,,w,L, I I I LU , CLOHEXANE IMETHYLHEPTANE. NOTE E

0.00 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.62 0.7 067 O.El 0.51 1 06 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 ” 0.01 0.00 I 00

0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 022 03 025 0.3 1 0.25 1 0.3 .,-.-

2.5.DI 3,3-DIMETHYLHEPTANE I 0.00 1 0.0 I 0.00 I 0.01 0001 001 0.00 1 0.0 I 0.00 I 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0

3.5.DIMETHYLHEPTANE. NOTE E 0.00 I 0.0 ) 0.00 1 0.0 I 0.00 1 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.01 0.00 I 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0 I ETHYLEIENZENE 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.67 1.8 0.80 2.1 089 2‘

2.3.4.TRIMETHYLHEXANE 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 0.0 000 0.0 2,3-DIMETHYLHEPTANE 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 00

m-B p-XYLENE 000 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 00 0.83 6.1 0.97 7.1 1.16 - 8.6 4.METHYLOCTANE 0.00 00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 00

ITRANS-3.NONENE I 0.00 1 0.0 1 0001 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0 I 0.00 I 0.01 0.00 1 0.0 1

3N3ZN3fllAX3H I

3N3ZN3ElAHl3ltll-b’Z’I

3N3ZN3ElhH13lkll-S’E’I

3w33aoa 3N3lVHlHdVN

L’O

P’O

0’0

L?‘I

El E 0’0 91

1% 00

00 Q-1

, 3N3ZN38lAH13-b-lhlfl~-l-l~31

3N3ZN38lAH13WI~-5’E-l~~-1~1~31 3N3ZN38-lN3d-N

3N3ZN38lAH13WVM31-b’C’Z’l 3N3ZN3ElAH13W-Z-lnE-1-1~31 3N3ZN3ElAH13WVU132-S'C'Z'L

3N3Wft3lAH13WICl P’E

(3N3ZN39lAWV 33s) 3N3ZN3ElA1IlEllAHl3W~Z 3N3ZN3ElAHUWV~131-S’b’Z’~

3N3ZN38lAH13-E-lAH13WlCl~Z’~ 3NV330NIl

3N3ZN3BlA~U-Z-lAHUWJIO-E’I 3N3ZN36lAH13-P-lAHl3Wl~~Z’I 3N3ZN3ElAH13-P-lAHl3Wl~~C~I

3N3ZN3ElAH13-Z-lAHl3WlCl~b’l 3N3ZN3OlAdOHd-N-Z.lAHl3W-I

00 90 00

000 ooz 000

0’0 I 1 0.0

00 0 S9’Z 00’0

00 LO 00

00’0 OL I 000

0’0 00 00

n-l-l II b loo ton

000 00’0 00’0

00’0 000

000

00 00 00

00 0’0

0’0

000 000 00’0

000 00’0

000

0’0 00

0’0 00 00

00 nn

00’0 00’0

00’0 00’0 00’0

000 00 0 PL IZO at 1 LZ’O I”‘1 62 0 100 lo00 100 loo0 _

0’0 000 0.0 100’0 loo 00 0 loo 100’0 Jo0 100.0 I00 1 00’0 I f’l OF ” I 7 I /cl-l It I QI ” I “‘rl lnnn Inn lnnn Inn Inon

3N3ZN3HlAH13lCl Z’l 1

-- 00

00 0.0

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._ 00 00

00

00 00

1.- - 00 0 Oil 0

00 0

00 0 00 0

3 3lON ‘3N3ZN3HlAdOtld-N-~lAHl3W-l

3N3ZN3ElAdOtld~N-E-lAHl3W~l 3N3ZN38lAH13KTb’t

3N3ZN3ElAH13lW'1 3N3ZN30lAdOkldOSI-Z-lAHl3W-I

NVONI

” . I I w - I - - - -_ I

0’0 000 21 61’0 000 L’I 910 PZ ic 0 000 00 00’0 00 00 0 000

000 “” I nn 0 Inn lnnn loo 000

000 00’0 00

0’0

E

0’0

0’0 cn

000 000 000

00 0 nc n

BZ 00 00

0.0 Q’”

IE’O 000 000

000 SC n

PZ 00 0.0

00 6”

LZ 0 00 0 00 0

000 l6bO

00 00 00

00 “”

000 on’0

000 “” ” I-~ - 3 310N ‘3N3ZN3ElAln~OSI

000 0’0 000 3 310N ‘3NV330

00’0 00 00’0 3N3330-1 00.0 00 000 3N3ZN3EllA1llE-ltl31

I nn.n ll”,l nn ” 00 00 0 3N3ZN39lAH13Wlkll-b’Z’l “Cl nn n 7N~,hl=l(RlAH I TZ-,AH13W-I

00 50

0.0 00

00 “”

1000 loo-n

00 0 00 0

00 0 “0”

00 00

0’0

nn

00 0 00 0

00’0

no 0

3N3ZN3RlAdOtJdOSI-b~lAHl3W 1 3N3ZN3HlAH13WIHl-E’Z’I

_ ,Y”V ‘I”” ,““Y loo loo0 IO.0 lo00 -” --- I -. - -. . - - - - lo.0 IO00 loo loo0 IO0 IO00 3N3ZN3ElA.H

E Inn II-Inn II-lo I ofsn loo loo0 I

tie---- -Lo --

Izo

k-- --_ --

lo00 loo I-- - I -

IbO 1 E’C CPO ILb

19bO IOPO

tttl-JHBI%‘4 1 tltI-dHBIL3W

‘3NOZ0 ‘3NOZO 1 ‘3NOZO c-oz- I z-01-1 I kaz-1

‘3NOZO ‘3NO20 1 ‘3NOZ0 1 E-3WS-1 I z-3ws-1 I I-3WS-I

l-SME-1 I-SME-2 I-WE-3 l -2D- I 1.2U-2 l-20-3 OZONE, OZONE. OZONE. OZONE, OZONE, OZONE,

COMPOUNU MGIBHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MG/BIiP.IiR MGWHP-HR MG/BtIP.tlR MGBHP-HR MG/OtiP~HR MGIBHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MGWHP-HR MG/BHP-HR MG/‘EtHP-HR ISOBUTYRALDEHYOE, NOTE H 0.31 1.6 0.36 1.9 0.26 1.5 040 2.1 0.53 2.6 0.58 3.1 METHYL ETHYL KETONE. NOTE H 0.31 04 0.36 04 0.26 03 0 40 05 0 53 06 0 56 0.7

0 00 0.0 0.00 0.0 000 00 0 54 -0.3 0 48 .o 3 084 -0.5 ISOVALERALDEHYDE 0.53 23 0 65 3.6 0.61 2.7 0 62 27 0 24 1.1 0 28 1.3 VALERALDEHYUE 0.26 1.2 0.34 1.5 0.16 0.7 0 36 16 0 34 1.5 0.40 1s 0.TOLUALDEWDE 0.36 -0.2 046 -0.3 031 -0.2 037 -02 032 -0.2 041 .o 2 M/P-TOLUALDEHYDE 1.26 .o 7 1.42 -0.6 1.60 -0 9 1.95 -1.1 1 62 -1 0 1.60 -0 9 HEXANALDEHYDE 1.09 4.1 0.90 3.4 069 34 044 1.7 0 35 1.3 0 35 13 DIMETHYLBENZALDEHYDE 000 -0.0 0.00 00 0.00 00 0.26 -0 1 047 -0.3 0.22 -0.1

SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES ael 2191 401 222 I 371 2131 71 I 375 1 621 424 1 771 396

A 2.2~Dimelhytpenlane and melhylcyclopenlane co-elule GC peak area spttl equally between ttte Iwo contpounds 0 3 Melhyl-3~ettly.perllarle co-elules with reported compound. Not reported separately. C - Cts-1,4-Dimelhytcyctohexane co-elules wrth reported compound. Not reported separalely D Propylcyctopenlane co-elules wrlh reported compound NOI reported separately E - 2.5Dtmelhytheptane and 3.5dtmelhylheptane co-elule GC peak area splrt equally between the two cotrtpounds. F Decane and isobulytbenzene co-elule GC peak area spttt equally belween Ihe two compounds. G n-Butylhenzene co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. H lsobutyraldehyde arrd melhyt ethyl ketone co-etute LC peak area splat equally belweerr the two compourtds

W

+18bZ-W3 :13flJ IS31 L~/LIIL I -31va J 531

bl -N SNIWWfl3 L661 :3NIF)N3 L-WS-1 :tlilHWflN 1531

c-17

c-19

SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES I 1lOlj 46) 1001 61 2611 9131 38 I 1001 61 2191 39 ) 225

A - 2,2-Dimethylpentane and melhylcyclopenlane co-elude. GC peak area splrt equally belween the two compounds. I3 - 3-Melhyl-3-elhy-penlane co-elutes w~lh reported compound. Not reported separately. I C - CIS-1 ,4-Dirnelhylcyclohexane co-elules with reported compound. Not reported separately. D - Propylcyclopenlane co-elules with reported compound. Nol reported separalely. E - 2.5.Dirnelllylheplane and 3,5-dimethylheptane co-elute. GC peak area split equally between the two compour~ds F - Decane and isobulylbenrene co-elute. GC peak area split equally belween Ihe two compounds. G - n-Bulylbenzene co-elules wilh reporled compourld. Not reported separalely.

TEST NUMBER: 1 -SME-2 ENGINE: 1997 CUMMINS N-14

TEST DATE. ll/lEl197

TEST FUEL. EM-2481-F

COMPOSll E

I4-METHYL-I-PEN I tNt

0.00 1 0.000 1 001 01 0.00 1 0.00 1 O.O(

000 0.000 00 0 0.00 0 00 0 O(

0 00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 OOi 0.00 0.000 00 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 1 c

--_ -- nnnl nn

” I . --

0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 O.O( 0.33 0.74 0.008 0.3 0 0.00 0.00 O.O( nnn 0.00 0.000 00 0 0.00 0.00 O.O(

0.32 1 0.029 1 1.3 1 91 0.36 1 0.92 1 o.ot I I ^

0001 u.uw 1 ““, 01 0.00 1 0.00 1 0.W 0001 0.000 1 001 01 0.00 1 0.00 1 O.O(

I - __ - ^ ^

Y “..,., I.-- ____ “.“- -.--, 0.00 1 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 1 n nn

0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.01 I “, V.““, 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 O.OL,

-!%I- El-- 0 + n ” V.“” -.II _ _. y-V -...-, ____

nnnl 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 1 0.00 nnnl 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.w ’ n nn

“.““I O.ooO 0.0 0 0.P nh 0.71 I 0.011 0.5 6 0.2 0.00 1 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 1 0.00 1 o.oc

0.00 =I=- 0.00 nnrl

0

* 0 n

““U, “.“““I Y.” “, V.““, v-u 0 591 0.006 1 031 101 0.401 1.031 U.Ul

3~METHYLHEXANE 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 CIS-1.3.DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 0.0 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0 00 00 3.ETHYLPENTANE 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0.00 00 TRANS.1,ZDIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0 0 00 000 0 000 00 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0 00 0.0

TFiANS-1.3.DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE

~

I 01 0.001 000 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 I 0 nn I nnnnl ool 0001 0.0 I

01 0001 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 I I w " nm 01 0

u1 ” --1 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 0.0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.02 0.0 _I I --- -

01 0.00 1 0.00 1 ooool 001 01 0.00 000 0 000 0.0 000 0.0 I I III-II 01 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0 00 00 __

0 39 1 n7 n nm IlR 03R 03 1 TRANS.3-HEPTENE

0.30 0.66 0.006 0.2 "L , W."".. 000 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 001 0 l-m ’ nmf-ll

0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0 o.oc , ,.“V, ” UU”, 000 000 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 1 0.000 1 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0 0.00 0001 ooool

0.0 0 0 00 0.0’ 0 0.00 0.0

-- on I 0 on I

I n

,.Y”, “..,-., , -.1

II 0”“’ flmnl nnl 0.00 I 0.01

I 0

-.I 0 0

C-23

C-24

SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES I 10461 441 1001 61 243) 9551 40) 1001 Gl 2221 401 225

A - 2,2-Din~elhylpentane and methylcyclopenlane co-elule GC peak area splil equally between the Iwo compounds B 3-Methyl-3-elhy-perllarle co-elules wrlh reported compound Not reporled separately! C - CIS-1 ,4-Dimelltylcyclohexane co-elules wilh reported compound. Nol repurled separately D - Propylcyclopentane co-elules wilh reported compound. Not reported separately E 2.5.Dllnelhylheptane and 3.5.dimelhylheplane co-elule GC peak area split equally belweerr Ihe Iwo compounds F Decane and isobulylberlrerre co-elule GC peak area splil equally bclween the Iwo compounds. G n-Bulylbenzene co-elules with reporlecl compound Not reported separately. H - lsobutyraldehyde arid rnelhyl ethyl kelorre co-elule. LC peak area splil equally belween lhc two corrtpourrds.

C3AG CART VALUES HC 558 23 70 3 6

co 12116 508 9736 403 418

co2 14117000 592156 13096000 542502 549595 NOX 127990 5369 123403 5115 5151

TEST NUMBER: I-SME-3 ENGINE: 1997 CUMMINS N-14 TESr DATE: 1 l/19/97 TEST FUEL EM-2481-F

HOT COMPOSITE

I WEtGt11 Id;kd;;;;I OZONE. 1 1 ILVEtGttTIFk?::~ OZONE, OZONE,

METHANE

ETHANE

ETHYLENE

COMPOUND MG MGIBHP IiH NMOG % FACTOR MG/BHP-HR MC; MGlEt IP-HR NMOG % FACTOR MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR MGIBHP-HR 14 0.60 0.0 19 0.78 00 0.75 0.0

6 0.23 0 46 0001 01 1 0 06 0.16 0 000 0.0 0 08 00 225 9 37 18.69 1.362 68 3 196 8.08 22.04

30 00 0 0 00 PROPANE 0 0 00 0 00 0 01 PROPYLENE 36 1 57 3 13 0294,l 14.6 ACErYLENE 42 1 74 3 47 PROPADIENE 0 0 00 C BUTANE 4 0 17 0 33 1

-%I- 58.9 1 8261 60 2

00 0.00 1 00 - I 34 I 1411

I RANS-2-BU rENE 0 0 00 c I .BUTENE 17 0.72 1441 0 1281 64

ZMETHYLPROPENE (ISOBUTYLENE) 5 0 22 0.44 1 00231 1.2

I 01 31 - 0 Ill

2.2.DIMETHYLPROPANE (NEOPENTANE)

PROPYNE

1.3.BUTADIEN 2 METHYLPRC

I.BUWNE

METHANOL

CIS-E-BUTENE

3-METHYL-l -BU rENE ETHANOL

Z-METHYLBUT

2-BUTYNE

I-PENTENE

~-ME rtiYL-i -BUTENE PENTANE

0 22 1 00091 E 30 I.26 2 51 0 274 137 29 121 3 29 0 35 )PANE (ISOOUlANE) 3 0 12 0.23 0 003 01 0 0 00 0 00 0 00

0 0 00 0 00 0 000 0.0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00

2-METHYL-l.3 5 1.3 0 16 14 TRANS.2-PENTENE 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 000 0.0 3.3.DIMETHYL-l-BUTENE 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 00 CIS-2.PENTENE 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0

2-ME IHYL-P-BUTENE 0 000 0.00 0 000 00 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0.00 00 ~~ O.ooJ 0 00 0000 00 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 00

0 00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 00 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0 00 o.oQo 0.0 0.00 0.0

0

0 0 00

0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0 00 0.000 0.0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 00 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 00 2.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 0.0

TERT-BUTANOL

CYCLOPENTADIENE

2.2.DIMETHYLEIUTANE CYCLOPENTENE

4.METHYL-I-PENTENE

3-METHYL-l.PENTENE

CYCLOPENTANE

2.X-DIMETHYLBUrANE

C-27

. , b ,

: >

;

, : c C

I--

88 od

00

--.

00

88 dd

88 0.5

o.ool o.oQl 0 000 1 00) 01 0001 0.001

ooool 0.01 n 00 1 00 ClS.3.NONENE 0 0 11 o.oou 1 0.0 1 0 00 1 00 NONANE

TRANS.2.NONENE 0 -,SOPROPYLBE”““” ,,-.I IhICIIC, ” onoloool~

.. .--a a~,, I .,YLCIYC ,L”W”‘YL, I I

2.2.UIM~IIIILOCTANE I 01 ooul 0.00) OO( . _ -... -r. ..,* ---..,r nl ” r-in I 0 no I 0 000 I 001 01 0 on t 0 00 I 0 000 I 001 0 00 1001 2.4 “,Mt,“lL”LIHNC I ., “--I n-PROPYLBENZENE

I 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 n 0 00 0 00 u 000 0 01 0 00 1 00

,,LICrU”I 1 CTUYI IIChl7ENE 0

0 00 0.00 0 000 00 0 u 00 0 00 0.000 0 01 0.00 ) 00 .,“,C I r, 1 L-J-L I I I I LYLIILLI .L

7.METHYL-4-t I HYLBtNLtNt I I

0 000 0 00 0.000 00 0 0 00 000 0 000 001 0001 00 1.3.5.TRIMETHYLBENZENE 01 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0 0.00 0.00 0 000 0 01 0 00 1 00

, ..--* a\,, n c-r, 1\,1 “I-hl7ChlC I nl oool OoilT 0.000 1 001 01 0001 0001 ooool 0.0 1 0001 00

t+ -Mt,n”L-Z-t,r,lLDCl”LCl”C

lo . -^*..r-lI\,I nr.,7,-s,r n n nn 00 0 0 00 06

--g--zJ 0.0 0 0.00 0 O(

I-LJtc,t lvt I I I _- , 000 b.000 00 0 0 00 0 01 ^ - ^ . . . r ..ATr r nl nnnl 000 0 000 00 0 u 00 0.01

I.Z.4-lnlMtlnlL~CIYLClYCl I

TERT-BUTYLBENZENE I _.-nr.,r

I 0.000 00 0.00 00

I 0.000 0.0 0 00 00 3 0 000 00 000 00

, IJtLANt. NV It r I 1 _ __ nnnl - 701 “I 0 000 I 0.0 I ol -

5 0.000 00 0.00 00

0001 000 0 000 00 000 00

3 0 000 00 000 00

0001 000 0 000 00 0 00 00, (set bulylbewc!~e) I 01 0 00 1 000 I 0 000 1 ISOBUTYLBENZENE. NOTE F I “I

1.3:DIMETHYL-5~EltIYLBENZENE I I

METHYLPROPYLBENZENE I-METHYL-3ISOPROPYLDENZENZENE I 01 1,2,3-TRIMETHYLBENZENE I

nl I

, -METHYL.4.,CP.““n”“’ I, I

..-...

0 00

1 OOOOI 001 31 0 000 I 001 Ej if/ 31 ooool 001 0 00 1 0.0

10 0001 00

0 0 00 000 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 0 ‘G 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0 ILYLI.LLI.L, I.-.-

0 00 000 0.000 00 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 001 000 00 t. I .L ..r~, VIC I\,, , r, , ” m:NZENE LI ““n”“,

0

DCNZENE 0 0.00 000 0 000 00 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 1 0.00 00

00 ,17c*,c 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 001 000

0.00 000 0.000 00 0 0 00 0 01

I -Nit , n 1 L-L-IY’r-““r I L”Ll

1.4-DIMETHYL-2-ETHYLBEl~~~~.~ I.3DIMETHYL+ETtiYLBENZENE 0

i.2.DIMETHYL-4-ETHYLBENZENE 0

1.3.DIMETHYL.Z-ETHYLBENZENE 0

UNDECANE 0

1.2.DIMETHYL+ETHYLBEl ,,2,4,5.TETRA,.-“‘“’ “t-1I-rChIC

‘JZENE I 01 0.001 0001 0 01 MC,“TLDCIYLCI”C I

nl nnol 0001 0.01

,t”,-,-a”,.J,3-“,MCl”,LDC,YLElrr TERT-I-BUTYL-4.ETHYLBENZENE 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0

NAPHTHALENE 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 -I 0 0

r.T\r,C,-.Ak,C 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0

1 “““CLsnlYc

1.3.5TRIETHYLBENZENE 0 1,2.4-TRIETHYLBENZENE 0 HEXYLBENZENE 0 UNtDENTlFlED CSC12t 0 FORMALDEHYDE , 243

ACETALDEHYDE wl

ACROLEIN

ACETONE PROPIONALDEHYDE I 27

CROTONALDEHYDE

0.00 0.00 0.00 El

0.00 10.15

3 67

000 -I

0.00 000 ~

0.0 1 !I

20.24 7 32

,447 72.6 205 a.49 ,404 203 71 2.93

31 19.6 60 3 AR

I 1.12 1 L.L3

I 30 1 1251 2481 0.1: sal ial

ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE. NOTE Ii I 81 032 0.64 0.034 1.7 7 028 0.77 0.041 1 151 0291 15 METHYL ETHYL KETONE, NOTE H 81 0.32 0.64 0.008 0.4 7 026 0.77 U.UUY

I 03

I 0.29 0.31

000 0.00 0.000 00 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 0.0 0 00

0.74 147 0.065 3.3 15 0.61 166 0.073 2.7 063

BENZALDEHYDE 0 00 ISOVALERALDEHYDE 16 28 VALERALDEHYDE 4 0 161 0.321 00141 071 41 0161 0441 00191 071 0161 07 0-TOLUALDEIiYDE 7 0 30 0 59 -0003 -0 2 8 0 31 0.86 .o 005 4 2 0.31 -0 2 M/P-TOLUALDEHYDE 41 I70 340 -0.019 -0 9 39 I .GO 4 37 -0.024 -0 9 1.62 -0 9 HEXANALDEHYDE 23 0 98 1.95 0.074 3.7 21 069 2.42 0.092 3.4 0.90 3.4 DIMETHYLBENZALDEHYDE 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 00 0.0

SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES 12161 511 1001 5) 2681 9061 37) 1001 61 2131 39 1 221

A - 2.2.Dimelhylpentane and methylcyclopentane co-elute GC peak area split equally betweerr tl?e two compounds. B - 3Methyl-3-ethy-perltane co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. 1 C - CIS-1 .4-Dimelhylcyclohexane co-elules wrlh reported compound. Not reported separately. D - Propylcyclopentane co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separalely. E - 2.5.Dimethylheptane and 3$dimethylheptane co.elute. GC peak area split equally between the two compounds F Decane and isobutylbenzene co-elute. GC peak area split equally between the two compounds. G - n-Bulylbenzene co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separalely. H lsobutyraldehyde arld methyl ethyl ketorre co-elute. LC peak area split equally between the two compounds.

TEST NUMBER: l-2D-1 ENGINE: 1997 CUMMINS N-14 TEST DATE: 1 l/24/97 TEST FUEL: EM-2494-F

METHANE COMPOUND

COLD HOT cOMf’0Sl-r i WT. NMOG W. NMOG

WElGHr REACTlVllY OZONE, WEIGHT REACTIVITY OZONE, OZONE,

MG MGIBHP-tIR NMOG % FACTOR MGIBHP-t IR MG MGBHP-HR NMOG % FACTOR MG/BHP.tHR MG/Bt IP-HR MGIBHP-HR 0 0.00 0.0 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 00

2-METHYLPROPENE (ISOBUTYLENE) I 27 1 1041 1.241 0 066 1 551 251 0 93 1 I.301 0.069 1 491 0 94 1 50

2.2.DIMETHYLPROPANE (NEOPENlANE) 01 0001 0001 0.000 1 001 01 0001 0001 ooool 0.0 1 0 00 1 00 PROPYNE 61 0221 0261 0.011 I 091 51 0201 0281 00121 081 0 20 1 OH

1.3.BUTADIENE I 36 1 1371 164 0 1781 1501 361 1351 1901 02061 I4 71 1351 14 7

2-METHYLBUTANE (ISOPENTANE) 3 0 13 0 I5 0.002 02 0 0.00 0.00 0 000 0.0 0 02 0.0

2-BUTYNE 0 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0 0 00 000 0.000 00 0.00 00

0 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 000 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 00

0.31 0.015 13 0 000 0.00 0.00

0 14 0.001 0.1 2 0.08 0.11 0.00

000 0.000 00 0 0.00 0.00 0 00 0.001 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0.00

0

0

0 -

0.00 0.00

i&f 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0001 0001 0.000 1 0.0 1 01 0.00 1 0.00 1 0.000 1 0.0 1 0.00 1 001

0

I,

0 -

0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0

0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0 ” nnn I-In n nn nn

CYCLOPENTENE 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 00

4-METHYL-I-PENTENE 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 6 0 21 0.29 0.013 0.9 O.ll3 -I 0.6

3-METHYL-I-PENTENE 0 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.04 0.0

0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 O.oo( 0.34 0.005 0.4 6 0.24 0.34 . O.OO!

0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.001

0.50 0.008 0.6 6 022 0.31 O.OO!

1 -HEXENE I 14 1 0521 0611 0.027 1 2.3 1 131 0.501 0.701 00311 2.2 1 o.sol 22

HEXANE al 0001 0001 0.000 1 0.0 1 01 0001 0001 0000~ 001 0.00 1 00

0 oool 0.001 0.000 1 001 0 00 1

0 0.00 1 0.00 1 0.000 1 001 0.00 1

0 0 00 0.00 0.000 00 0 00 0.0

0 000 000 0 000 0.0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 0.0 0 00 00 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 0.0 0.00 00

_ ^ ^ ^ n

‘ENTENE

:LOPENT ENE

METHYLCYCLOPENTANE. NOTE A I 01 0001 0.001 0 0’ 2.4.DIMETHYLPENTANE 01 0001 000 1 00

e-I-PENTENE 01 000 1 0 001 O.OOOl -

I-METHYLCYCLOPENTENE I 01 000 1 0 001 ooool -

3.METHYL-l-H

33 1 24 1 48 0 OOG 05 20 IEXENE 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 00 0 0 00 0 PENTANE 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 0.0 0 0.00 0 IE 0 0.00 0 00 0.000 00 0 0 00 0 CANE 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 00 0 0 00 0

0 2.3.DIMETHYLPENT.4NE 0 0 00 1.1.DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 0 0 00 ““Y, TERT-AMYL METHYL ETHER 0 0.00 0 00 1

1 CYCLOHEXENT I 0.00 1 0.00 1 0.01

001 O] 000~ 0.00 0.000 00 0 00 0.0 01 0001 0.00 0.000 0.0 000 00

0.00 0.000 00 0 00 00 0.68 0.006 0.4 048 0.4

,IETHYLCYCLOPENTANE I 0001 0.001 OOOOl

0.0 1

0 00 1

J 01 0001 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 00

01 0001 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.0 000 0.0 0.00 0.000 b.o 0.00 0.0

0.00 1 o.ooo 1 0.01 01 nml 0000I 0.0 1 01 0.00 [ _ __ 0.00 1 0 000 1 001 01 0 00 0.00 1 ooool 0.01 01 0.00

TRANS.3-IIEPTENE HEPTANE CIS-3HEPTENE

UNIDENTIFIED C7

2-METHYL-2-H EXENE I

3-METHYL-TRI \NS-3-HEXEI

TRANS.Z.HEPTENE VE 3-ETHYL-CIS-2-PENTENE

2.4,4-TRIMETH

2.3.DIMETHYL,

CIS-2-HEPTENE

METHYLCYCLOHEXANE

CIS-1,2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE !

0.00 1 0.000 1 0.0 1 01 0.00 IYL-1.PENTENE I 01 o.ool 0.00) 0.000 1 0.01 01 0001 o.ool 0.000 J 0.01 0.00 1 / .2.PENTEL 01 0.00 1 0.00 1 OOOOI 001 01 0.001 0001 0.000 1 0.01 0001 04

I 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 000 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0 6 0.24 0.28 0.005 0.4 6 0.21 0.29 0.005 0.4 0.2 I 0.4 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0 000 0 00 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0 Y

0 0.0 0.00 0.0

0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 1 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.0 nnnl nnnn on 0 00 0”

I2,2-DIMETHYLHEXANE I 01 0001 0.001 0.01 ,1.3-TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 01 0.001 om] 0.M.

~

I-TRANS.2-CIS-4.TRIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANE

0.0 1 01 0.00 0.0 1 01 0.00

NO -0 8 8 l-l-t -0.50 d 0

X8 od

00

00 00

da

88 do

68 m 00

0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 I 191 0.721 0.86 0.005 04 16 0 69 0.97

01 0001 000 0.000 00 0 0 00 0 00

CIS-3NONENE 1 01 0 00 1

NONANE

TRANS.Z-NONENE ISOPROPYLBENZENE (CUMENE) o.ool 0001 0.000 1

2.2.DIMETHYLOCTANE 2.4.DIMETHYLOCTANE 8 0.291 0351 00031 n-PROPYLBENZENE 9 0341 0401 00091

I-METHYL-3-ETHYLBENZENE 7 I-METHYL-4-ETHYLBENZENE 12 0471 0561 00401 1,3$TRIMETHYLBENZENE 13 0.51 1 061 0.062 1

_ _

--7G$--2511~~ 0 022 1 161 61 0231 0321 00231 17c

-g-- 0.38

0 - “CC

1 METHYL-2-ETHYLBENZENE 5 021 0.25 U.UlU IL ” ‘40 v.02 “.“L1

I U.4L J.” 1.2.4.TRIMETHYLBENZENE 12 0.47 0 56 0 050 42 0 0.00 0 00 0.000 ii 0 07 0.6 IERT-BIJTYLBENZENE 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 0.0 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 0.0 0 00 00 1 -DECENE 0 000 000 0 000’ 00 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 00 0.00 00

.a “C” ncr n ,>n-l l-b7 Id ” r.7 ” 71 n nn3 02 n c7 i-l,

0 23 17 I 0.028 1 201 0.30 22

0.058 1 411 0 42 4.2 I n I747 191 . “,.

Y‘. DECANE. NO It k I 14, “59, ““V, ” ““4, “..,I ,- -.L- - .- _ __- ” CIC ISOUUTYLBENZENE. NOTE F 131 0511 0601 0.011 I 0.9 1 131 0491 0.661 0.013 1 09 0 49 09

I 1 3;DIMEIHYL-5-ETHYLBEI VZENE 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 00 00 METHYLPROPYLBENZENE

Jsec butyll 2enz+le) 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 0 on o.oa 0 000 00 0.00 00 I-MEltiYL.3.ISOPROPYLBE

iNZENE 0 0.00 000 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0 00

El 0 000 0.0 0 00 0.0

-7 _ 8 0 32 0 36 0.034 28 7 0 27 0.38 0.034 n”

THYLBENZENE I-ISOPROPYLBENZENE 01 0001 0001 0.000 1 001 0

I 01 0001 0001 0 000 1 001 0

>v, , Iv, a ,,,NZENE Chl7EhlE 0.000 1 001 01

0

1.23TRIME

I -METHYL-4

INDAN I.METHYL.~.,~“DR~PVI RI

1,3.DIEl HYLBu.Lu.-

I .4-DIETHYLBENZENE

I-METHYL-3-N-PROPYLBEI

1.METHYL-4-N.PROPYLBEI

1.2 DIETHYLBENZENE I-METHYL-2-N-PROPYLBENZENE

1.4.DIMETHYL-2-ETHYLBENZENE

1.3 DIMETHYL 1,2-DIMETHYL

L‘l, 0 28 25 0.00 1 0.00 1 OOOOl 001 0 00 00

oool 0.000 1 001 0 00 00 ouol 0 03 1 02

0001 0001 0000~ 0.0 1 0.00 1 00

0.0

00 0181 0251 0.016 1.1 0 15 1.0 nnnl nool 0 000 0.0 0.00 00 _-_ _.., 0.026 19 0 25 16 0.00 1 0.00 1 0 000 0.0 0.00 0.0

n nn Ann n nnn 00 0.03 03 0001 OOUl uuuu( 00 0 00 00

nnnl nnnl n 000 I 0.0 n nn “I2

““Y, WY”“, .,-, I - -- nnnl nnnnl nnl RI n7RI n4i

‘JZENE 0 \IZENE. NOTE G 0 0 00 0.00 1 0.000 1 0.0 1 5

0 000 nnnl nMnl nnl ”

0 0.00 “WV, YYYY V.” 0 0 00 0.00 1 ooool 0.0 1 0

6 024 ---I ----I “,. n

-4.ETHYLBENZENE -4.ETHYLBENZENE 0 0.00 0001 0.000 1 0.0 1 0

_ -- . --.. --..- ,-. n nn n r-m nnnnl nnl ”

UZY( U.ULb , CL, “, VU”, V-V”, Y.““”

-.- 1.3.DIMt IHYL-Z-t IliYLtkNLtNt I “, ““U, “.““I “““Y, YY, I _-- _.__ “.YY , I” 4 07 ’ 2231 0.009 1 001 461 1701 2.391 0.010 I 071 1721 07

nnnl nnnnl nnl nl nnnl nnnl nnnnl 001 n ml I Cl” UNDECANE 45 LO, 1.2.DIMETHYL-ETHYLBENZENE 0 000 -.u YY”, V.“““, Y.” , “, -. - - _. - _ Y.“” 1,2.4,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE 37 1 42 1691 0.154 1 12.9 I 62 1 231 3.25 0.295 1 2101 2.191 198

2.METHYLBUTYLBENZENE (set AMYLBENZENE) 0 0.00 0001 0.000 [ 0.0 1 01 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 001 0.00 1 0.0 I I

,4 DIMETHYLCUMENE

METHYLBENZENE -..* , --. --METHYLBENZENE

0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000

22 0.63 0.98 0.089 7.5 0 0.00 0.00 0.000

14 0 53 0.64 0.037 31 15 0 56 0.76 0.046

0

0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0

0.0 1 0.121 1.1

- 321 0 551 3.21

1 .ooo . .2.3.4-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE I 01 0 00 1

N-PENT-BENZENE 161

TERT-l-BUT-3.5DIMETHYLBENZENE 61

TERT-1-BUTYL.4.ETHYLBENZENE 0 0 00 NAPHTHALENE 6 0.22

DODECANE 35 1 32

1,3.5-TRIETHY 01

1.2.4.TRIETHYLBENZENE 0 0.00 HEXYLBENZENE 0 0.00 UNIDENTIFIED C9-ClZ+ 131 4.99

0 - 1 000 o.o! 0001 0 - 0 - 061 1 0.72 0012 1.0 I6 0.58 0.82 0.014 0.251 0 29 0.022 1.8 6 0.24 0.34 0.025 i.al

0 00 0.000 0.0 0 0 00 0 00 0 000 0.0 1 ooor 0.26 0.003 0.3 6 0 23 0.32 0.004

I

1.56 0.006 0.5 40 1.50 2.11 0.008 0.001 000 0.000 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000

f 0 0

Yi

5 -

0 .z

ii -

0.0

-t

0.0

19.0

0

0 00

1--$ 0.00 3.50 94

0 - 0

4

.oo

El a0 .92

0

0

2

0.0

0.3 0.23 03

0.6 1.47 06

0.0 0 00 00

,000 0.0 0.00 0.0

.ooo 0.0 0.00 0.0

.188 13.3 3.71 14.2 378 14.34 17.09 1.222 102.6 338 12.62 17.74 1.268 90.2 12.86 92.0 J

ACETALDEHYDE I 158 6.01 7.16 0.395 33.2 122 4.57 6.43 0.355 25.2 4.70 26.4 ACROLEIN 46 1.83 2.18 0.148 12.4 43 1.62 2.27 0.154 10.9 1.65 11.1

55 2.08 2.46 0.014 1.2 35 1 29 1.82 0.010 0.7 1.40 ~ 0.81 PROPIONALDEHYDE I 41 1.55 1.85 0.121 10.2 31 1.17 1.65 0.108 7.7 1 23 8.0 CROTONALDEHYDE 37 1 42 1 69 0.092 7.7 46 1.71 241 0.130 9.3 1.67 9.1

1 SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES I 2211) a41 1001 51 4361 19061 711 IO01 51 3751 731 384

A- 2.2.Dirrletl~ylpe~~la~~e and rnethylcyclopentane co-elule GC peak area split equally betweerl the two compounds El- 3-Metlryl-3-etlly-perrtarle co-elules with reported compound. Not reported separately! C- Cis-1.4.Dimethylcyclohexane co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately D- Propylcyclopentane co-elules with reported compound. Not reported separately. E- 2.5Dimelhylheptane and 3.5.dimethylheptane co-elute GC peak area split equally between the Iwo cornpounds F- Decane and isobulylbenzerre co-elute. GC peak area split equally belween Ihe two compounds. G- n-Bulylbenzerre co-elules with reported compound. Not reported separalely. H- lsobutyraldellyde and rnethyl ethyl ketone co-elule. LC peak area splil equally between tlre Iwo compou~~ds.

BAGCARl VAlllES nc 5551 211 5401 202 203 co 24481 930 18118 676 712 co2 14843000 563730 14221000 530634 535362

F NOX 128972 4898 120513 4497 4554

E

00 co.0 0‘0 000 0 1 PO0 ItXO II 100 loo00 lo00 lo00 lo 3NWX3t-l cz IS‘0 22 LZO 0 119.0 loso Ict 1 S’Z 1 IfDO 1690 (9so Sl 3N3X3W1 E’Z LS’O Z’Z i 7N=l I Nqrl- I -1AH I qlfd-7.

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3N311-18- I -lAH13Wla-C’E

3N31N3d.Z-SNVkll

3N3laVJ nEl-E’I-lAH13W-Z

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3N3 LflB- L-lAH13W-Z _ I-- I -

n-n I no 0 lo.0 loooo loo0 loo0 lo loo I000~0 loo0 loo0 lo I 3N3lP __ I-- - I - 1

n’n I nn’n In0 loooo loo-o loo0 lo IO’0 loooo loo.0 loo0 lo I _I

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00 00 0 0.0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0’0 000 0 00’0 000 0 3N31ns-I-lAH1

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Inn “ ” Innnn “ I_ _ 1nn.n lnnn _ _ ” . _ In I - 3NWlrlEl

00 00 0 0’0 OL”” nn’n lnnn lnnn ““” ““” In I n-n “I I nnn’n .1”1 - lnnn lnnn _-” “_” In 3N3KlVdOtld 01 S6 L 01 1100 PC 2 I6 I IS I I El00 69 2 LI z 8s 3N3lAl30V 9.m LS c s EE 01 P’O 9E b 9s E 96 I ‘PC kb0 OS b F9 c 96 3N3lAdOUd 0’0 00 0 00 000 0 00’0 00 0 0 00 000 0 000 00 0 0 3NVdOtld

C 6L WOI b QL 096.0 LlCl 9L.O I 682 L b8 ISO’I lPbl 19’ I I 6OC 3N31Ati13 0’0 11 0 0‘0 000 0 910 El 0 b 0.0 000.0 00 0 000 0 3NVH13

1

0’0 I 00‘0 3NVH13W

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loo I I loo’0 lo lo.0 I I loo‘0 lo I tltl dHM/%‘l III I dtIB/E)W 1 tit-I-dH913W 1 UOL3VJ 1 % EIOWN 111 I JI iam4 E)W 1 UH-dliB/Z)W 1 UO13Vd 1 % 9OWN tll I-dtlRiE)W 3w I aNnOdw03

‘3NClZO

3 1 ISOdW03

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OOWN JM OOWN ‘1M

1OH a703

+P6bZ-W3 13nzl IS31

L6/SZIll 31v(l 1531

bl-N SNIWWIl3 L66L TiNION

z-al-1 :tl3BWnN IS31

>- N r

TEST NUMBER: l-2D-3

P

ENGINE: 1997 CUMMINS N-14

TEST DATE. 11126197 TEST FUEL: EM-2494-F

u L” , - - - - _ L ” - - - , . - . . -

I-BUTENE 29 I.10 I 42 0.126 98 29 1 ill 1.431 0.127 1 991 1111 98 2.METHYLPROPENE (ISOBUTYLENE) 25 0 9fi 1 23 0.065 51 21 0.791 f ml I UL , n ma I _._” 1 471 - ORII 4.3 ‘2.2.DIMEltlYLPROPANE (NEOPENTANE) II 0 00 0.00 0 000 00 0 0001 nnnl “YY, n ““” I I.-“_ nnl -.- 0001 00

I1 0.9 5 0201 0261 0011~ OS] 0201 08 I6 14 5 34 1 281 ’ cc’ n InnI IAfll 1791 14.0 )O 00 0

Pl7OPYNE 6 021 027 00 1.3.BUTADIENE 35 1 33 1.71 0 IE

2.METHYLPROPANE (ISOBUTANE) 0 0.00 0 00 o.oc I-EUTYNE 0 000 0.00 o.oc

I Y” - .U” - 0 00 0 00 0.000 0.0 0 00 00 0 00 0 00 0.000 00 0.00 00 0.00 nnn ” ““” nn 000 0.0

)O 0.0 0 METHANOL ! 01 0 001 0 00 1 0.000 00 0 “VU, -.“I- -_

7 in 3 0131 nj-Il ” “17 I 1 RI 0 131 1.3 ICIS-~-BUTENE I 31 0.131 0171 001 METHYL-I-BUTENE 01 0001 0.001 o.oc

v I I I.I.. .- 0 00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.0 0.00 00 000 nnn ” “0” CJ” nnn 00

I? I 1RI 0 181 181

3 )O 00 0 ETHANOL 0 0 00 0.00 0 000 00 0 P~METHYLBUTANE (ISOPENTANE) 0 0.00 000 0.000 00 0 ” “Y -.-.,” -I _.__

2.BUTYNE 0 000 0.00 0.000 00 0 0.00 0 00 0.000 00 000 00

1.PENTENE 0 000 000 0.000 0.0 0 000 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 00 6 1.3 G 0.21 0 27 0.013 1 .o 0.21 10 IO 00 2 0 07 0 n9 0.001 01 006 0.1 m nn ”

2.METHYL-l -BUTENE 7 0 26 PENTANE 1 0 03 UNIDENTIFIED C5 OLEFINS 0 0.00 2.METHYL.1.3.BUTADIENE 5 0 20 TRANS.2-PENTENE 0 0.00 3.3.DIMETHYL-I-BUTENE 0 0 00 CIS-2-PENTENE 7 0.26 2.METHYL-2.BUTENE 0 0 00 TFRT.RlITANC3 n ” nn

_ _. 0001 n nn I o.ow I 0.01 0.00 I 0.0 I

1 _ol IcYcL~PENTENE ,E-DIMETHYLBUTANE

I 01 0.00 1 0.00 1 o.oc 01 0001 0001 o.oc

4.METHYL-I-PENTENE

3.METHYL-I-PENTENE

I ” I “Y I

-.--

18 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0 03 0.3 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.000 00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0 0.00 0 00 0.000 00 0.00 0.0 2.3 6 0.21 0.27 0.024 1.9 0.22 19 0.0 0 0 00 ” “” n m-m 00 000 0.0

9’ 0 (

8’ 0

0 d

d

8 0

8 6

0

-

7 9 0

8 0

9 0

0

ISOBUNRALDEHYDE, NOTE H I 111

METHYL ETHYL KETONE, NOTE H 111 0.431 0531

0431 0.531 0.028 2.3 14 0.53 065 0.034 2.8 0 52 27

0.006 0.5 14 0.53 0.65 0.008 0.6 0.52 0.6 .n l-m? .n ? I? nna n VI -0 003 -0.3 0 47 -0 3

n n ,113 1.1 0 24 1.1

a 15 0.36 1.6

BENZALUEHY DE 12 0.46 1 “._I” V.VV.8 U.” .” -7” “I

ISOVALERALDEHYDE 7 n ‘)c I ” cv 0.32 0.014 1 1 7 0 24 0.3” -.-*

VALERALDEHYDE 13 0.47 0 59 0 026 2.1 9 0 34 0 42 001 O.TOLUALDEHYDE a 0 29 0.36 -0.002 -0 2 9 0 32 0 39 -0.002 -0.2 0 32 a2 M/P-TOLUALDEHYDE 58 2.17 2.69 -0.015 -1.2 49 1 a2 2 22 -0.012 -1.0 1 .a7 -1.0 HEXANALDEHYDE 10 0 38 0.47 0.018 14 9 0.35 0.43 0.016 13 0 36 1.3 DIMETHYLBENZALDEHYDE 11 0.42 0.53 -0 003 -0.2 13 047 0.58 -0.003 -0.3 0.47 -0.3

1 SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES I 21441 El1 1 1001 51 422 1 21Y51 a21 1001 51 4241 82 1 424

A - 2,2-Dimethylpenlane and melhyJcyclopenlane co-elute. GC peak area split equally between llre two cornpounds. B - 3Methyl-3ethy-pentane co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. C . Cis-1,4-Dirnethylcyclotrexarre co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. D - Propylcyclopentane co-elutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. E - 2.5Dimethylheptane and 3,5-dimethylheptane co-elute. GC peak area split equally between Ihe two compounds. F - Decane and isobutylbenzerre co-elute. GC peak area split equally between Ihe two compounds. G . n-Butytbenzene co-etutes with reported compound. Not reported separately. H - lsobutyraldehyde and methyl ethyl ketone co-elule. LC peak area split equally between the two compounds.

BAG CART VALUES

HC

co co2

NOX

5518 208 7296 272 262

24522 922 19120 712 742

15139000 569349 14946000 556234 558107

1 129129 4856 120359 4479 4533

1.4.DIMETHYLHEXANE, NO I E B I 01 0001 0001 oc I-METHYLHEPTANE 01 0001 0001 OS

GMElHYLHEPTANE I IYLCYCLOPENTANE 1

nnnnl 0 003 02 0.18 02 0.000 00 0 00 00

IV” VU Y, U.““, VU”, 0 000 0.0 0 00 0.0 100 00 nl ,. .._ ,. ,.- n nnr\ nr\ n nn l-l-

100 0.0 v, 100 0.0 01

0 0 00 0.00 O(

0 0 00 0.00 0.c THYLGYCLOHEXANE I 0 0 00 0.00 O( METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 0 0 00 0 00 O(

I 100 ! ool

I 01 0001 0001 0 000 00 7 1 -r n-n - 303 0.2 a Udl, uw, ” ““‘I, “J] ” J” , “J

100 1 0.0 0 ^ U.UUl en UUUl _ nr,,-. U.U”“, ,?,?I U.” , ” n,-! ” vu, Cl- “.U

I\ 4c ’ n O7CI nnr.Yl 1 II n 57 I 1 1

!.L,S- 1 n,rvlt 1 nTLnenHl”C / ” c3

LCYCLOPENTANE 0 0 00 L-ZbETHYLCYCLOPENTANE 13 0 49 0 62

1,~DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXANE u 0 00 0.00 LCYCLOPENlANE 0 0.00 0 00 0.000

ZHYLC‘ KLOPENTANE I 01 0001 0.001 0 000 2.4.4~TRIMETHY ‘LHEXANE 01 0001 oool 0.000 2.2.4.1RIMETHYLHEXANE j 01 0001 0001 0 000

1.2.DIME ~HYL~Y~~IExANE ITRANS-

OS”! 0.81 NOTE n IYLCYCLOHEXANE 01 0.00 1 0.00 1 00

tG.5DIMETHYL,

0.111 I 8.6 1 i.!51 a.51 -iGE

2.31 161 0 581 0.761 I I "

05~1 0761 0.009 1 0.71 0.56 1 0.7

1.091 -00061 -0 51 0021 -0.5

ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE. NOTE Ii 12 044 0.57 0 030

METHYL ETHYL KETONE, NOTE H 12 0.44 057 0.007 0.5 16

BENZALDEHY DE 18 0 66 0.85 -0 005 -0 4 23 0 84 ISOVALERALDEHYDE 0 031 040 0.010 1.4 0 028 0371 OOlSj VALERALDEHYDE II.3 070 090 0040 31 11 040 0521 00231

0-TOLUALDEHYDE 0 029 038 -0 002 -0.2

M/P-TOLUALDEHYDE 54 2 03 262 0014 -1.1

11 041 053 -0.003 -0.2 040 -0.2

43 160 207 -0011 ~0.9 1.67 -0.9 HEXANALDEHYDE I 101 0.371 0481 0.018 1 1.4 I 9 035 045 0017 13 035 13 DIMETHYLBENZALDEHYUE 71 0261 0341 .00021 -0 I 1 6 022 0 29 -0002 -0 1 023 .o 1

SUMMED SPECIATED VALUES I 20521 781 1001 51 399 1 2064) 771 lOOI 5) 396 1 771 396

A - 2,2-Dirnelhylpenlarle arid melhylcyclopenlane co-elude GC peak area split equally between Ithe Iwo compounds B - 3-Melllyl-3-ellly-perllarle co-elules with reporled compound. Not reported separalely.1 C Cis-1,4-Dimelhylcyclotlexane co-elules wilh reported compound No1 reported separately D - Propylcyclopenlane co-elutes wilh reported compound Not reported separately E - 2 5-Dimelllylheplane arld 3.5~dimelhyllleplane co-elude GC peak area split equally belween llle Iwo compounds F Decane and isobulylbenzene co-elute GC peak area splil equally belween the Iwo compounds. G - n-Bulylbenzene co-elutes with reporled cornpourld Not reported separately. H - lsobtrtyraldehyde arld methyl ethyl kelone co-elute. LC peak area spill equally between Ihe Iwo conlpounds

BAG CART VALUES HC 6038 228 6207 233 232 CO 23810 901 20313 761 781 co2 14992000 567234 14814000 555247 556960 NOX 129201 4888 121814 4566 4612

APPENDIXD

PAH AND nPAH DATA

APPENDIX TABLE D-l. PAH AND nPAH DATA

8100-l

Mass, ng Corrected Brake-Specific Mass, nglhp-hr

Filter PUF Filler Fractions

Compound Cold Hot Bkgrd Sample Bkgrd Cold Hot PUF Composite Filter PUF

Benzo(a)anthracene 26703 24910 308 29111 2763 1104 1020 156 1187 07% 13%

Chrysene 3977 5095 639 52764 9107 140 185 258 436 4 1% 59%

Benzo(b)lluoranthene 4829 5095 186 30930 377 194 203 180 383 53% 47%

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 4261 4529 163 23653’ 204 171 181 138 318 56% 44%

Benzo(a)pyrene 2585 3397 1046 17467 64 97 53 103 196 47% 53%

Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 2358 2519 93 12372 nd 95 101 73 173 58% 42%

Dibenz(a,h)anlhracene 682 736 nd 3093 nd 29 31 18.3 48 62% 38%

Benzo(g,h,i)perylerle 3125 3680 122 11099 188 126 147 64 209 69% 31%

2-Nilrofluorene 224 153 50 176 1131 91 6.1 0.0 6.5 100% 0%

1 -Nitropyrene 193 153 76 18 24 78 6.0 0.0 6.3 100% 0%

7-Nitrobenz(a)anthracene 4.0 3.4 nd 25 nd trace trace trace trace n/a n/a

6-Nitrochrysene 2.6 7.1 nd 14 nd trace trace trace trace nla n/a

u 6-Nitrobenz(a)pvrene nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd n/a n/a L

Compound Cold

Benzo(a)anthracene 39323

Chrysene 6957

Elenzo(b)lluoranthene 10587

Benzo(k)lluoranthene 9679

Benzo(a)pyrene 5747

Indeno(l.2.3~cd)pyrene 4537

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 1301

EJenzo(g,h.i)perylene 6050

2-Nitroiluorene 200

1 -Nitropyrene 163

7-Nitrobenz(a)anthracene 10

6-Nitrochrysene 12

6-Nitrobenz(a)pyrene nd

8100-2

Mass, ng Corrected Brake-Specific Mass, nglhp-hr

Filter PUF Filter Fractions

Hot Bkgrd Sample Bkgrd Cold Hot PUF Composite Filter PUF

17907 308 62728 2764 1637 729 354 1212 71% 29%

3087 639 116162 9107 265 101 632 757 16% 84%

2686 186 48788 377 436 104 286 437 35% 65%

2902 163 39495 204 399 113 232 386 40% 60%

1914 1046 32525 53 197 36 192 250 23% 77%

1451 93 22303 nd 186 56 132 206 36% 64%

432 nd 5343 nd 55 18 32 55 42% 58% _

2038 122 16727 188 249 79 98 201 51% 49%

213 5.8 207 1131 8.1 8.6 0.0 8.5 100% 0%

114 7.6 15 24 6.5 4.4 0.9 4.7 100% 0%

nd nd 16 nd trace nd trace trace n/a n/a

, nd nd 12 nd ’ 0.5 nd trace ‘trace n/a n/a

nd nd 17 nd nd nd trace trace n/a n/a

APPENDIX TABLE D-l (CONT’D). PAH AND nPAH DATA

Compound Cold

Benzo(a)anihracene 76893

Chrysene 12611

Filter

Hot

46547

5586

Mass, ng

Bkgrd

308

639

8100-3

Corrected Brake-Specific Mass, nglhp-hr

PUF Filter Fractions

Sample Bkgrd Cold Hot PUF Composite Filter PUF

32490 2764 3196 1910 175 2267 92% 8%

62660 9107 500 204 315 561 44% 56%

1 15686 1 7446 I 186 1 27849 1 377 1 647 1 300 1 162 1 511 I 68% 1 32% 11

Benzo(k)lluoranlhene 14456 6517 163 23207 ’ 204 597 262 135 445 70% 30%

Benzo(a)pyrene 11380 3724 1046 15549 53 431 111 91 247 63% 37%

Indeno( 1.2.3-cd)pyrene 8304 3724 93 9747 nd 343 150 57 235 76% 24%

CornPound

J

Mass, ng Corrected Brake-Speclflc Mass, ng/hp-hr

Filter PUF Fractions

Cold I Hot I Bkgrd Sample I Bkgrd Filter I PUF

Ii I I I I I I I I

Benzo(a)anthracene 1 72407 1 91386 1 308 1 5029 1 2763 1 2738 1 3398 1 12.1 I 3318 1 99.6% 1 0.4% il Chrysene 85572 109663 639 7396 9106 3226 4068 0.0 3950 100.0% 0.0%

Benzo(b)lluoranthene 32912 40210 186 4142 377 1243 1493 20.0 1478 98.6% 1.4%

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 42786 54832 163 4142 204 1619 2040 20.9 2002 99.0% 1 .O%

Eenzo(a)pyrene 36204 40210 1046 3846 53 1335 1461 20.2 1464 98.6% 1.4%

APPENDIX TABLE D-i (CONT’D). PAH AND nPAH DATA

Compound

‘7

Illndeno(l,2,3cd)pvrene 33462

112.Nitrolluorene

I= 7-Nitrobenr(a)anthracene

6Nitrobenz(a)ovrene

Cold

134619

161543

69233

76925

61540

11154

46155

2269

4616

42

25

2D-2

Mass, ng Corrected BrakeSpecIfic Mass, nglhp-hr

Filler I PUF Filter

Hot I Bkqrd I Sample I Bkgrd Cold 1 Hot PUF Composite

Fractions

Filter 1 PUF I I 1 - 1 I

108814 1 308 1 4390 1 2763 1 5051 I 4038 I 11.9 I 4193 I 99.7% I 0.3% I I I I I I I

128598 639 6805 9107 605 1 4762 12.4 4956 99.896 0.2%

52750 186 3732 377 2597 1957 12.9 2060 99.4% 0.6%

56056 163 3732 , 204 2887 2080 13.8 2207 99.4% 0.6%

49461 1046 3073 53 2275 1802 0.0 1868 100.0% 0.0%

31655 93 2195 nd 1255 1175 8.2 1194 1 99.3% 1 0.7%

10222 I nd 1 2195 I nd 1 419 I 380 1 11.7 1 398 1 97% 1 3%

42866 122 1910 188 1731 1591 5.6 1616 99.7% 0.3%

1385 5.8 9439 1131 85 51 50 106 53% 47%

1847 76 285 24 173 I 68 1.2 84 98.5% 1 1.5%

32 1 nd I 21 nd 1.6 12 trace 1.4 n/a n/a

20

46

nd

nd

nd

154

nd

nd

0.9

1.7

07

1.7

nd 0.8 n/a n/a

I trace I 2.5 n/a n/a

Compound Cold

Benzo(a)anthracene 87391

Chrysene 110920

Benzo(b)lluoranthene 50418

Elenzo(k)fluoranthene 47057

Benzo(a)pyrene 40334

Indeno( 1,2,3cd)pyrene 26217

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 8739

Benzo(g,h.i)perylene 36973

2-Nitrolluorene 2286

1 -Nitropyrene 7731

7-Nitrobenz(a)anthracene 77

6-Nitrochrysene 44

6-Nitrobenz(a)ovrene 37

Filter

Hot

60458

77251

33588

29557

24519

16458

5710

21496

1545

1679

34

17

40

Mass, ng

Bkgrd

308

639

186

163

1046

93

nd

122

5.8

7.6

nd

nd

nd

ZD-3

Corrected Brake-Specific Mass, nglhp-hr

PUF Filter Fractions

Sample Etkgrd Cold Hot PUF Composlte Filter PUF

5903 2763 3295 2254 16.7 2418 99.3% 0.7%

8627 9107 4173 2872 0.0 3055 100.0% 0.0%

1748 377 1901 1252 7.3 1351 99.5% 0.5%

2497 204 1774 1102 12.2 1209 99.0% 1.0%

1430 53 1487 880 7.3 973 99.2% 0.8%

1022 nd 988 613 5.4 672 99.2% 0.8%

976 nd 331 214 5.2 236 97.8% 2.2%

1067 188 1394 801 4.7 889 99.5% 0.5%

14529 1130 86 58 71.4 133 46.4% 53.6%

704 24 292 63 3.6 99 96% 4%

54 nd 2.9 1.3 trace 1.8 nla n/a

32 nd 1.7 0.6 trace 0.9 n/a n/a ,

nd nd 1.4 1.5 nd 1.5 nla n/a

Characterization of Biodiesel Exhaust Emissions For EPA 211(b)

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