Mar 26, 2015
Characteristics of Characteristics of UrbanizationUrbanization
During the Gilded AgeDuring the Gilded Age1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.
2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.
3.3. Magnet for economic and social Magnet for economic and social opportunities.opportunities.
4.4. Pronounced class distinctions.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core - Inner & outer core
5.5. New frontier of opportunity for New frontier of opportunity for women.women.
6.6. Squalid living conditions for many.Squalid living conditions for many.
7.7. Political machines.Political machines.
8.8. Ethnic neighborhoods.Ethnic neighborhoods.
NewArchitectural
Style
NewArchitectural
Style
NewUse ofSpace
NewUse ofSpace
NewClass
Diversity
NewClass
Diversity
New EnergyNew Energy
New Culture(“Melting Pot”)
New Culture(“Melting Pot”)
New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”
New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”
New Levels of Crime,
Violence, & Corruption
New Levels of Crime,
Violence, & Corruption
Make a NewStart
Make a NewStart
NewSymbols ofChange &Progress
NewSymbols ofChange &Progress
The City as a New “Frontier?”
The City as a New “Frontier?”
William Le Baron William Le Baron JenneyJenney
1832 – 19071832 – 1907
““Father of Father of the Modernthe ModernSkyscraper”Skyscraper”
W. Le W. Le Baron Baron
Jenney: Jenney:
CentralCentralY.M.C.A., Y.M.C.A., Chicago, Chicago,
18911891
Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan 1856 – 19241856 – 1924
The ChicagoThe ChicagoSchool ofSchool ofArchitecturArchitecturee
Form Form followsfollowsfunction!function!
Louis Louis Sullivan: Sullivan: Bayard Bayard Bldg., Bldg.,
NYC, NYC,
1897 1897
Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Scott
Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899
D. H. BurnhamD. H. Burnham
1846 – 19121846 – 1912
Use of steelUse of steelas a superas a superstructure.structure.
DH Burnham: DH Burnham: Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Chicago, Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Chicago,
18961896
D. H. Burnham: D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, Marshall Fields Dept. Store,
19021902
DH Burnham: DH Burnham: Railway Exchange, Chicago, Railway Exchange, Chicago,
19041904
New York City Architectural New York City Architectural Style:Style:
1870s-1910s1870s-1910s1.1. The style was less innovative thanThe style was less innovative than
in Chicago.in Chicago.
2.2. NYC was the source of the capital NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago.for Chicago.
3.3. Most major business firms had Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC their headquarters in NYC their their bldgs. became “logos” for their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies.companies.
4.4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.were taller than in Chicago.
Western Western Union Union Bldg,. Bldg,. NYC - NYC - 18751875
ManhattanManhattanLifeLife
Insurance Insurance Bldg.Bldg.
NYC - 1893NYC - 1893
SingerSingerBuilding Building
NYC - NYC - 19021902
WoolwortWoolworth h
Bldg.Bldg.
NYC - NYC - 19111911
FlatironFlatironBuilding Building
NYC – NYC – 19021902
D. H. D. H. BurnhaBurnha
mm
Grand Central Station, Grand Central Station, 19131913
John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,
18831883
John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,
19131913
Statue of Liberty, 1876Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)
““Dumbell “ Dumbell “ TenementTenement
““Dumbell “ Tenement, NYCDumbell “ Tenement, NYC
Jacob Jacob Riis: Riis:
How the How the
Other Half Other Half LivedLived(1890)(1890)
Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving
Lodgers Huddled TogetherLodgers Huddled Together
Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving
Struggling Immigrant Struggling Immigrant FamiliesFamilies
Mulberry Street – “Little Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”Italy”
St. St. Patrick’s Patrick’s
CathedralCathedral
Hester Street – Jewish Hester Street – Jewish SectionSection
19001900RoshRosh
HashanaHashanahh
GreetingGreetingCardCard
Pell St. - Chinatown, Pell St. - Chinatown, NYCNYC
Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900