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はじめに
シロアリがその消化管内に複数種の鞭毛虫を生息
させ、その両者が相利共生の関係にあることはよく
知られる。シロアリは主として木材を摂食するが、
そのセルロース成分の分解には鞭毛虫のつくるセル
ラーゼが大きな役割を果たしている。シロアリは熱
帯・亜熱帯域を中心に3000種近い種数をもつ多様性
の高い分類群であり、同時にバイオマスも非常に大
きい。このような生物学的成功をもたらした要因
は、一つは家族集団での生活と非繁殖カーストの進
化に由来する高度な社会性の獲得だと考えられる
が、もう一つは微生物と共生関係を結ぶことで多く
の動物にとっては利用が難しい、植物の材成分の利
用を可能にしたことであろう。本稿ではシロアリと
共生する鞭毛虫について、分類学・系統学的位置づ
けと生態の特性を宿主昆虫との関係を中心に概説す
るともに、日本で普通なヤマトシロアリを例に、そ
の簡便な観察の方法について紹介する。
Jpn. J. Protozool. Vol. 40, No. 2. (2007)
シロアリ共生鞭毛虫の特徴と宿主との関係
北出 理
茨城大学理学部理学科 〒310-8512 水戸市文京2-1-1
Characteristics and host-symbiont relationships of termite gut flagellates
Osamu KITADE College of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
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