CharacteristicExamples Living things are made up of units called cells. Living things reproduce. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Living.

Characteristic ExamplesLiving things are made up of units called cells.Living things reproduce.

Living things are based on a universal genetic code.

Living things grow and develop.

Living things obtain and use materials and energy.

Living things respond to their environment.Living things maintain a stable internal environment.

Taken as a group, living things change over time.

Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular.Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding.Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees.Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies.Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat.

Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light.

Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature.

Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert.

Section 1-3Review the Characteristics of Living

Things

Go to Section:

Classification

A. What is Classification?

1. Grouping things in a logical manner- similar things grouped together

B. Why Classify?

1. B/c scientists need an effective system to study the approximate 2.5 million known organisms

2. So that all scientists can use the same terminology for the same species.

C. How are living things classified?1. Biologists use Taxonomy- science of

classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms.

a. Binomial nomenclature- two word naming system. Each species name has two parts: Genus name and Species name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canis familiaris .

1. What is a catfish?

2. What is a dandelion?

3. What is a jellyfish?

4. What is a bullfrog?

5. What is a dragonfly?

• American Coot?

• Spring Peeper?

• Brown Booby?

D. Who started all this?• Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th

Century, developed two name system.

1. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy.

2. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.)

3. Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae

4. Today we have 6 kingdoms

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protist

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Linnaeus’s System of Classification

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

King

Phillip

Came

Over

For

Great

Spaghetti

Scientific Name=

Genus and Species

Ex: Homo sapien

Rules:

1. Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case.

2. Both are always italicized or underlined

Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda

Red fox Abert squirrel

Coral snake

Sea star

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata

CLASS Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora

FAMILY Ursidae

GENUS Ursus

SPECIES Ursus arctos

Section 18-1

Classification of Ursus arctos

Go to Section:

Species name is most specific!

E. Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom

• Live in very extreme environments

• Have a cell wall and some use flagella for movement

• Unicellular – single celled• Prokaryote – simple cell

with no nucleus• Reproduce asexually• Can be helpful & harmful

F. Kingdom Eubacteria

• Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere

• Have cell walls and some use flagella for movement

• Prokaryote – simple, unicellular cell with no nucleus

• Reproduce Asexually• Can be helpful & harmful

G. Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus

• Most reproduce asexually, some sexually

• Very diverse kingdom• Can be autotrophs

(producers) or heterotrophs (consumers)

• Can be unicellular or multicellular

• Many have cell walls• Examples: Algae,

Amoeba, Diatoms

Algae

H. Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus

• Multicellular (except yeast)

• Have cell walls made of chitin

• Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually

• Heterotrophs (consumers) – they eat!

• Important decomposers• Examples: Mushrooms,

mold, lichens

I. Kingdom Plantae

• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus

• Multicellular• Have cell walls made of

cellulose• Autotrophs (producers) –

they carry out photosynthesis

• Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually

J. Kingdom Animalia

• Hey! That’s You!• Eukaryote – complex

cell with a nucleus• Do not have cell walls• Multicellular• Heterotrophs

(consumers)• Reproduce sexually• Examples: insects,

fish, humans

Bay-Breasted WarblerFeeds in the middlepart of the tree

Yellow-Rumped WarblerFeeds in the lower part of the tree andat the bases of the middle branches

Cape May WarblerFeeds at the tips of branchesnear the top of the tree

Spruce tree

Section 4-2

Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches

Go to Section:

KingdomsEubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

DOMAIN EUKARYA

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

DOMAIN BACTERIA

Section 18-3

Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains

Go to Section:

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Plantae

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts

Multicellular

Autotroph

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

DOMAIN

KINGDOM

CELL TYPE

CELL STRUCTURES

NUMBER OF CELLS

MODE OF NUTRITION

EXAMPLES

Bacteria

Eubacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph/ heterotroph

Strep., E- coli

Archaea

Archaebacteria

Prokaryote

Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Unicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

X-tremophiles

Protista

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular

Autotroph or heterotroph

Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

Fungi

Eukaryote

Cell walls of chitin

Most multicellular; some unicellular

Heterotroph

Mushrooms, yeasts

Plantae

Eukaryote

Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts

Multicellular

Autotroph

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Animalia

Eukaryote

No cell walls or chloroplasts

Multicellular

Heterotroph

Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

Eukarya

Classification of Living Things

Section 18-3

Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Go to Section: Protist web site

Section 18-3

Concept Map

are characterized by

such as

and differing which place them in

which coincides withwhich coincides with

which place them in which is subdivided into

Living Things

Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

Important characteristics

Cell wall structures

Domain Eukarya

Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia

Go to Section:

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Population

The part of Earththat contains allecosystems

Community and its nonliving surroundings

Populations thatlive together in a defined area

Group of organisms of onetype that live in the same area

Biosphere

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass

Bison herd

Section 1-3

Levels of Organization

Go to Section:

Organism

Groups ofCells

Cells

Molecules

Individual livingthing

Tissues, organs,and organ systems

Smallest functionalunit of life

Groups of atoms;smallest unit of most chemicalcompounds

Bison

Nervous tissue Nervous systemBrain

Nerve cell

Water DNA

Section 1-3

Levels of Organization continued

Go to Section:

Biotic Factors

ECOSYSTEM

Abiotic Factors

Section 4-2

Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Go to Section: