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Character & Dissimilarity MatricesCharacter Unicorn Griffin Pegasus Phoenix CentaurFeathers 0 1 0 1 1Fur 1 1 1 0 1Wings 0 1 0 1 1Hooves 1 0 1 0 1Talons 0 1 0 1 0Horns 1 0 0 0 0Beak 0 1 0 1 0
Unicorn griffin pegasus phoenix centaurUnicorn 0 6 1 7 3
Griffin 0 5 1 3
Pegasus 0 6 2
Phoenix 0 4
Centaur 0
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Protist Diversity Wrap-Up• Make sure you know how to build a
phylogentic tree of the protists– Are plastids homologous or analogous?
• Put the supergroup and subgroup of each protist examined on your tree
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Lab 3: Animal Diversity
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Lab Goals• Recognize the major phyla of animals• Understand the developmental
characters that distinguish the different groups and how these can inform our understanding of evolution (chart on pg. 49)
• More practice with phylogenetic trees!!!!
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What are animals?• Eukaryotic• Heterotrophic• Multicellular• Diploid• Are motile at some stage
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Some Terminology….
Symmetry: pattern of body organization– Asymmetry– Radial
symmetry– Bilateral
symmetry
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Why is embryonic development important in our understanding of evolution?
• Evolutionary Developmental Biology (“Evo-Devo”)– Comparisons of
developmental characters in different organisms can often reveal ancestral relationships
– Excellent characters for use in building phylogenies
Ernst Haeckel 1892
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DiploblasticDiploblastic
Tissues• Parazoa-no tissue differentiation• Eumetazoa-has true tissues
– Diploblastic—two cell layers– Triploblastic—three cell layers
Diploblastic Triploblastic
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Diploblastic Development
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Triploblastic DevelopmentProtostomes (“mouth
first”)
Deuterostomes (“mouth second”)
Blastopore=mouth
Blastopore=anus
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Videos• Development of the Blastula• Gastrulation
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Triploblastic AnimalsHave one or two body
cavities:1) Archenteron = gut2) May also have either
a:• Pseudocoelom
exterior lined by mesoderm, interior lined by endoderm
• Coelom cavity completely lined with mesoderm
archenteron
coelom
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Acoelomate Psuedocoelomate Coelomate
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Protostomes: Two Clades• Lophotrochozoa
– Fun to say!– Trochophore larvae– Lophophore
• Used for filter feeding
• Ecdysozoa– Shed an external
cuticle or exoskeleton
– Why is this done??
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Flow ChartTrue Tissues?
Parazoa Eumetazoa
yesno
Number of Germ Layers?
two three
Diploblastic Triploblastic
Fate of blastopore?
mouth anus
Protostome Deuterostome
Which clade?
Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa
Trochophore larvae or lochophore(or neither) ?
Asymmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Acoelomate, Pseudocoelem, or Coelem Coelom
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Today’s Lab• Work through all stations (use
flowchart!)• Examine organisms in tank• Complete lab report in class• Show me your tree!
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Next Week• 20 pt quiz (protists and animals)
– you may use protist “cheat sheet”– All words on Table 3.3 in the Animal Diversity
lab will be in a word bank on the quiz (i.e. know the definition but don’t worry about spelling)
• Animal Lab Report DUE (animal lab is first one worth points!!)
• Read Pig Dissection Lab and BRING GLOVES