Character Animation in 3D Use traditional drawing techniques to ~roduce stunnina W CGI animation Steve Roberts AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO E ~ ~ E R Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier
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Character Animation in 3D Use traditional drawing techniques to ~ r o d u c e stunnina
W
CGI animation
Steve Roberts
AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD
PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
E ~ ~ E R Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier
contents
preface acknowledgements
chapter 1 introduction to 2D-animation working practice how animation works frames per second what you need for your studio let's get animating flipping, flicking and rolling how to use a line tester to help your animation how this book works exercises
ball bouncing how to relate your 2D animation to your 3D animation overview of the 'ball drop' exercise in 3D drawing!
chapter 2 matter and the animation of inanimate objects inanimate objects how to animate inanimate objects the animation of solids the animation of liquids exercises
the bouncy ball in 2D animating a 2D bowling ball animating a 2D soccer ball animating a 2D beach ball animating a 2D ping-pong ball animating a 2D water-filled balloon the bouncy ball in 3D
chapter 3 the construction of a simple character, its articulation and balance basic human anatomy
joints moving in arcs designing a basic human character planning a scene animating your characters exercises
the lift in 2D the lift in 3D the push in 2D the push in 3D the pull in 2D the pull in 3D
chapter 4 timing, anticipation, overshoot, follow-through and overlapping action with an animated character timing anticipation follow-through overlapping action or overshoot vibration exercises
the string and stick in 2D the string and stick in 3D the dive in 2D the dive in 3D
chapter 5 human walks and runs walk cycles! walking walking mechanics walk cycles displaying different moods external influences two people walking together running exercises
walk or run cycle in 2D walk or run cycle in 3D changing the pace and mood in a walk in 2D changing the pace and mood in a walk in 3D
chapter 6 animal walks and runs the four types of animal locomotion
contents vi i
construction of an animal animal leg and foot construction animals with paws a dog walk a cat walk animals with cloven feet animals with hooves flat feet animal runs exercises
dog walk cycle in 2D dog walk cycle in 3D dog walk or run cycle in 3D
chapter 7 animation of fish and snakes fish snakes exercises
animation of a fish in 2D animation of a fish in 3D animation of a snake in 2D animation of a snake in 3D
chapter 8 animation of birds flying wings - insects and humming bird exercises
animation of a bird in 2D animation of a bird in 3D
chapter 9 animation of acting - body language acting consequence emotions general body language basic body postures responsive reflective fugitive com ba tive palm, hand, arm and leg gestures acting out a scene in animation the different sorts of animation acting
analysis of a character exercises
animation of acting in 2D animation of acting in 3D
chapter 10 animation of acting - facial expressions emotions the eyes facial expressions head angle hand-to-face gestures extreme close-ups how to animate a piece of facial acting exercises
the facial expression in 2D the facial expression in 3D animating the mouth with Blend Shapes in Maya animating the mouth with Morpher in 3D Studio Max animating the mouth with Animation Mixer in Softlmage XSI animating with Morph Targets in Lightwave
chapter 1 1 animation of acting - two or more characters two characters on screen together personal space mirroring how characters look at each other two characters acting with each other while talking two characters alternating from one shot to another a large group of characters on screen at the same time exercises
double acting in 2D double acting in 3D how to load two identical characters into the same scene
chapter l 2 lip-sync recording and breaking down a dialogue track how we speak acting with dialogue quick from pose to pose slow from pose to pose erratically from pose to pose mouth shapes
contents ix
exercises lip-sync in 20 lip-sync in 3D mouth shut consonants the vowels the quieter vowels and consonants animating the mouths
animation equipment supplierz
index
'A' mouth shape, 230, 235 Acting see Animation acting Acting out a scene, 173-5 Action column, 5-6 Alternating shots, 2 14-1 5 Anal fins, 143 Analysis of character, 178 Anatomy, 48-53, 189, 224 Anger, 1 12, 169, 170, 192-3 Angle of head, 196 Animals:
Movement: see also Running; Walking anticipation during, 85-6 in arcs, 53 between poses, 227 blur, 92, 153-4 facial expression, 201
Negative acting, 1 6 1 Not so clever walk, 1 1 1
'0' mouth shape, 230, 235 Object falling into water, 35-6 'One moment .... my good man', 232-4 '000' mouth shape, 230, 235 Open body postures, 164, 165-6
1 76-7 Straight-on face to camera, 195 Strasberg, Lee, 1 6 1 Stress, 198 Stride positions, 106-8, 127-8 String and stick exercise, 94-6 Strong silhouettes, 56, 173
244 index
Studio equipment, 3-1 1 3D Studio Max, 206-7, 220 Suppliers of animation equipment, 3-4 Surprise, 85, 1 9 1-2 Swimming fish, 139-43, 145-9
Tails, 89-90, 153 Talking, 2 13-1 4, 222-36
see also Lip-sync Teeth, 23 1 Theatrical acting, 161 Thinking gestures, 197 Three-dimensional animation:
animation acting, 182 bird flying on the spot, 156-8 bird flying through the air, 158 bouncy ball, 44-6 dive, 100-3 dog walk cycle, 134-8 facial expression, 203-8 fish, 146-9 lift, 65-8 lipsync, 234-6 pull, 76-7 push, 72-4 snake, 150 string and stick, 96 two characters, 2 1 9-2 1 walk or run cycle, 1 17-20