Chapters 8 through 10 Europe in the Middle Ages: 500-1400.

Chapters 8 through 10Chapters 8 through 10Europe in the Middle Ages: 500-1400

I. Terms

II. End of the Beginning

III. Transformation of the Roman World

i. New Germanic Kingdoms

a) Franks

b) Role of the Church

c) Monks and their Mission

d) Church Support for Clovis’ Descendants

IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians

i. Intellectual Renewal

ii. Daily Life

a) Family, Marriage, Sexuality

b) Diet and Health

V. Lords and Vassals

i. Invasions of the 9th and 10th century

a) Muslims

b) Magyars

c) Vikings

ii. Development of Fief Holding

iii. Subinfeudination

iv. Feudal Contract

VI. Evolution of European Kingdomsi. England in the High Middle Ages

a) Williamb) Henry IIc) Richardd) Johne) Edward I

VII. Daily Worldi. New Agricultureii. Manorial System

a) Nobility Daily Life Role of Women

b) Peasants / Serfs Daily Life Role of Women

iii. Life in the Medieval City

i. Daily Life

ii. Mores

VIII. Culture of the High Middle Ages

i. Universities

ii. Scholasticism

IX. Crusades

X. Castles

XI. Conclusion

I. TERMS

MIDDLE AGES: 378 – 1400

Dark Ages 378 - 800

Middle Ages 800 - 1300

High Middle Ages 1300 - 1400

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II. END OF THE BEGINNING

250 – migrations

Visogoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Franks, Alemanni, Burgundians, Lombards

BUT FOR THE HUNS

8

III. Transformation of the Roman World

i. New Germanic Kingdoms

a. Kingdom of the Franksi. Line of Merovingian kings – Clovis I (481-511)

b. Role of the Christian Churchi. Link to ancient world – time of order and structureii. Church roleiii. Council of Nicea, 325iv. Heresyv. Cluniac Reform Movementvi. Augustinevii. Petrine Doctrineviii. Interdictix. Purgatoryx. Concordat of Worms 1122

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c) Monks and Their Mission

Ascetism

St Francis

d) Church support for descendants of Clovis – OUT OF NEEDi. ‘Hammer’ – Charles Martel

iii. Charles Martel’s son – Pepin first Carolingian King 741

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IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians

Charlemagne extended Frankish power by conquest over virtually all of Gaul and into Germany and Italy

Symbolized fusion of Roman, Germanic and Christian culture

Missi dominici

Rise of other powers – Normans, Saxons

i. Intellectual Renewal recruited intellectuals from England, Spain, Ireland, Italy to lead an

educational reform program

ii. Daily Lifea. Family, Marriage, Sexuality

civil institution ~ churchMarriages arranged by fathers

b. Diet and health

BREAD

Lower classes;

Upper class:

V. Lords and Vassalsi. Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries

a. Muslims Stopped at battle of Poitiers, 732 by Charles Martel – France Stopped at Constantinople in 717.

b. Magyars from western Asia Magyars defeated at battle of Lechfeld, 955; converted to

Christianityc. The Vikings

Norsemen out of Norway Reasons for invasions

ii. Development of Fief-Holdinga. Breakdown of governmentb. Vassalage

ii. Fief

iii. Subinfeudation

iv. Feudal contract of fief holding Vassal ~ Lord Lord ~ Vassal

VI. Evolution of European Kingdoms

Cast of Characters:

Anglo-Saxons

Normans

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i. England in the High Middle Agesa. William of Normandy

Origins: King Edward Harold Godwinson 1066 – Battle of Hastings.

Feudalism

English language

Domesday Book (Doomsday)

b. Henry II (1154-1189), Plantagenet Born March 1133, crowned 1154.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Marries her 1152.

Thomas à Becket

1173 – Revolt.

1183 – 2nd Revolt by Henry’s son Henry.

c. Richard the Lion-Hearted• Legends and myths

• 10 year reign

• Crusades – 3rd Crusade, September 1190

• June 1191 – Arrives at Acre to relieve city of siege from Saladin

• Captured by Leopold V ~ Henry VI

• Brother – John

• 1199 – France

d. John (1199-1216)

Loss of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, and Brittany

Identity

Magna Carta, June 12, 1215

e. Edward I (1272-1307)– Longshanks– Born 1239.– 1st – Eleanor of Castile– 2nd - Marguerite of France– Military:

» 8th – 9th Crusades» Welsh wars 1260s» Scottish wars 1291-1305ish

– English Parliament, 1295» Two knights from every county and two residents from each

town meet with the Grand Council» House of Lords and House of Commons

» Law made in consultation with representatives42

VII. Daily Worldi. The New Agriculture

ii. The Manorial system• manor sustained the three orders of medieval society

– Noble– Pray – Clergy– Fight – Knights– Serfs / Peasants

a) Nobles Demesne

Daily Life Aristocratic Women

b) Serfs / Peasants Daily Life Role of Women

iii. Daily Life in the Medieval City

a. Daily Life

b. Mores

c. Industry in Medieval Cities

Guilds

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VIII.The Culture of the High Middle Agesa) Rise of universities

Irnerius (1088-1125), Bologna University of Paris Oxford Liberal arts curriculum

b) Development of Scholasticism Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Summa Theologica

Vernacular literature

The Crusades7th century (638) – control of Jerusalem up until that time ?

In 1071, Byzantine forces routed and Constantinople in question – called upon Europe for help.

1095 – Council of Clermont – Pope Urban II

1st Crusade 1095-1099One important result of 1st crusade was economic growth for Italy.Arab unity

2nd Crusade:

3rd Crusade - 1189

4th Crusade turned against the Venetians

Children’s Crusade - 1212

5th Crusade - 1219

6th Crusade led by Frederick II resulted in retaking Jerusalem w/o a fight.

Large civilian population killed, Arab unity