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CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chapter 8.1
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Chapter8.1(( CHEMICALREACTIONS 8 chem rxn.pdfWritingChemicalEquations! Chemical(reactions(occurevery(day.(Digesting (((((photosynthesis (cooking(! In(a(chemical(reaction,(one(ormore(reactants

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Page 1: Chapter8.1(( CHEMICALREACTIONS 8 chem rxn.pdfWritingChemicalEquations! Chemical(reactions(occurevery(day.(Digesting (((((photosynthesis (cooking(! In(a(chemical(reaction,(one(ormore(reactants

CHEMICAL  REACTIONS  Chapter  8.1    

Page 2: Chapter8.1(( CHEMICALREACTIONS 8 chem rxn.pdfWritingChemicalEquations! Chemical(reactions(occurevery(day.(Digesting (((((photosynthesis (cooking(! In(a(chemical(reaction,(one(ormore(reactants

Writing  Chemical  Equations  

§  Chemical  reactions  occur  every  day.  

Digesting                  photosynthesis  cooking  §  In  a  chemical  reaction,  one  or  more  reactants  are  converted  to  one  or  more  new  products.  

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Evidence  of  chemical  reactions  How  do  you  know  if  a  chemical  reaction  has  occurred?  §  Change  in  energy  (gets  hot  or  cold)  

§  Produce  a  gas  (bubbles)  §  Color  change  §  Form  a  precipitate=  form  solid  from  2  liquids    

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Symbols  to  know  Yield  (produces)  Reaction  in  both  directions  

(s)   Solid    

(l)   Liquid  

(aq)   Aqueous=  Dissolved  in  water  

(g)   gas  

H2SO4  (aq)à  H2  (g)  +  S  (s)  +  2O2  (g)  Subscript  #  =  number  of  atoms  of  each  element  Coefficients—before  the  symbol,  used  to  balance  equations      

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Represent  Reactions  with  chemical  equations  § Word  equations  

Ex:  Iron  reacts  with  oxygen  gas  to  produce  iron  (III)  oxide.  ú  Iron  +  oxygen  gas  à  iron  (III)  oxide  How  many  reactants  and  products  in  the  following?    1.  Hydrogen  peroxide  decomposes  to  produce  water  and  oxygen  gas  Hydrogen  peroxide  à  water  +  oxygen  2.  Methane  and  oxygen  gas  react  to  produce  carbon  dioxide  and  water  

Methane  +  oxygen  à  carbon  dioxide  +  water    

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Chemical  Equation  §  Chemical  equations  replace  words  with  formulas.  §  Skeleton  chemical  equations  do  NOT  show  the  relative  abundance  of  each  chemical.  ú  THEY  ARE  UNBALANCED.  

Ex:  Oxygen  and  hydrogen  combine  to  form  water    

O2  (g)  +  H2(g)à  H2O(l)          

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Balancing  Chemical  Equations  Subscripts—used  in  formulas  Coefficients—before  the  symbol,  used  to  balance  equations  

§  Solid  sulfur  burns  in  the  presence  of  oxygen  to  form  sulfur  dioxide  gas.  

 §  Iron  reacts  with  oxygen  gas  to  produce  iron  (III)  oxide.    

 ú  YOU  CANNOT  CHANGE  SUBSCRIPTS  TO  BALANCE!!!    

S(s)  +  O2  (g)  à  SO2(g)          

Fe(s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3(s) 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s)

H2  (g)  +  O2  (g)  à  H2O  (l)  

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Write  the  chemical  equations,  then  balance  1.  Solid  Iron  reacts  with  oxygen  gas  to  produce  

iron  (III)  oxide  (rust).  

2.  Aqueous  Hydrogen  peroxide  (H2O2)  decomposes  to  produce  water  and  oxygen  gas.  

3.  Solid  sulfur  burns  in  the  presence  of  oxygen  gas  to  form  sulfur  dioxide  gas.  

Fe(s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3(s)

H2O2(aq) → H2O (l)+ O2(g)

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

2Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s)

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O (l)+ O2(g)

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

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Write  the  Coefficient  to  Balance  -­‐  balance  the  more  complicated  molecule  first,  then  single  molecules  

1.  ___H2  (g)  +  ___O2  (g)  à  ___H2O  (l)  

2.  ___Ag2S  (s)  +  ___Al(s)  à  ___Ag(s)  +  ___Al2S3  (s)  

3.  ____AgNO3  +  ____H2S  à  ___Ag2S  +  ____HNO3  

 

4.  When  heated,  solid  potassium  chlorate  decomposes  to  form  solid  potassium  chloride  and    oxygen  gas.      2KClO3(s)  →  2KCl(s)  +  3O2(g)                                          

2 2

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Warm  up  1.  What  is  a  chemical  reaction?    2. What  is  conservation  of  mass?    3.  How  are  the  two  concepts  above  

related?  4. When  heated,  solid  potassium  chlorate  

decomposes  to  form  solid  potassium  chloride  and    oxygen  gas.  Write  the  balanced  equation.    (chlorate  =  ClO3

-­‐1)     2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

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Why  Balance??  §  Law  of  conservation  of  mass  says  so…    

Law  of  Conservation  of  Mass:    -­‐  Total  mass  of  the  universe  is  constant  -­‐  Mass  can  not  be  created  or  destroyed  -­‐  In  a  closed  system,  mass  can  not  change  quantity  (though  it  can  change  form)  

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Balancing  Equations    -­‐  

1. __Li(s) + __Cl2(g) → __LiCl(s) 2. __Fe(s) + __O2(g) → __Fe2O3(s) 3. __H2O2 → __H2O + O2 4.  __KClO3(s) → __KCl(s) + __O2(g) 5. __P4(s) + __Cl2(g) → __PCl3(l)

Write  the  balanced  equation  by  filling  in  the  coefficients.    If  the  coefficient  is  1,  you  don’t  write  anything  

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6.  Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen gas to produce aluminum oxide solid.

7.  Gaseous nitrogen dioxide decomposes to form dinitrogen tetroxide gas.

8.  Solid diboron trioxide reacts with water to form boric acid (H3BO3) in aqueous solution. Advanced problems:

9.  __NH3 + __O2 à __NO + __H2O 10.  __C2H6 + __O2 à __H2O + __CO  

Balancing  Equations    -­‐  

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Bozeman  chemical  bonding  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_B735turDoM    

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Answers  1.  2Li(s) + Cl2(g) → 2LiCl(s) 2.  4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) 3.  2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 4.  2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) 5.  P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) → 4PCl3(l) 6.  Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen gas to produce

aluminum oxide solid. 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s) 7.  Gaseous nitrogen dioxide decomposes to form

dinitrogen tetroxide gas. 2NO2(g) → N2O4(g) 8.  Solid diboron trioxide reacts with water to form boric

acid (H3BO3) in aqueous solution. B2O3(s) + 3H2O(l) → 2H3BO3(aq)

9.  4NH3 + 5O2 à 4NO + 6H2O 10. 2C2H6 + 5O2 à 6H2O + 4CO

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§  3.  Aqueous  Hydrogen  peroxide  decomposes  to  produce  water  and  oxygen  gas.  

§     §     §  4.  Solid  sulfur  burns  in  the  presence  of  oxygen  to  form  sulfur  

dioxide  gas.  §     §     §  5.  Write  the  balanced  synthesis  reaction  showing  the  

production  of  Magnesium  nitride  from  its  elements.  §     §     §  6.  Solid  Iron  (III)  sulfide  is  produced  from  its  solid  elements.    

Write  the  balanced  equation  for  this  reaction.    

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lab  

2  AgNO3  (sol)  +  CuCl2  (sol)  -­‐-­‐>  Cu(NO3)2  (sol)  +  2  AgCl  (ppt)    

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Title a paper: “Ch 8.1 bookwork” Read ch 8.1 pg 260-275 Answer: Pg. 274 “practice” 1. a-c and Section Review # 1-2, 4-5 And pg 275 #1-2

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 Lab  Safety  Review    1.  What  is  the  most  important  rule  in  the  lab?  2.  When  using  a  Bunsen  burner,  what  

important  safety  precautions  do  you  need  to  take?    (min  of  3)  

3.  What  can  you  do  to  avoid  skin  contact  with  any  chemicals?  

4.  If  you  do  accidently  get  a  chemical  on  you,  what  should  you  do?    

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Ch  8:contniued  

ClIF H BrON Diatomic  Elements:  mnemonic  devise    

Cl2,  I2,  F2,  H2,  Br2,  O2,  N2      

Don’t    forget:    

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5  Types  of  Chemical  Reactions    

1.  Synthesis  2.  Decomposition  3.  Single  Replacement    4.  Double  Replacement    5.  Combustion  

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+   +  

+   à  

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1.  Synthesis  

§  2  or  more  substances  combine  into  one  single  product  

§  Examples:  ú  Mg  (s)  +  O2  (g)  à  MgO  (s)  ú  K  +  Cl2  à  KCl  ú  Cu  +  S  à  CuS  

Ex:  Write  the  balanced  synthesis  reaction  showing  the  production  of  Magnesium  nitride  from  its  elements.  Ex:    Solid  Iron  (III)  sulfide  is  produced  from  its  solid  elements.    Write  the  balanced  equation  for  this  reaction    

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+  

+  +  

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2.  Decomposition  §  The  break  down  of  a  single  substance  into  2  or  

more  products  §  Examples  

ú  HgO  (s)  à  Hg  (l)  +  O2  (g)  ú  H2SO4  (aq)à  H2  (g)  +  S  (s)  +  O2  (g)  ú  HI  à  H2  +  I2  

§  Ex:  Write  the  formula  showing  the  decomposition  of  hydrobromic  acid  (HBr)  into  the  diatomics  hydrogen  gas  and  bromine  liquid    

§  Ex:  When  electricity  is  applied  water  as  a  catalyst,  it  forces  the  decomposition  of  it  into  diatomic  gases  of  hydrogen  and  oxygen.    Write  the  balanced  equation  for  this  reaction    

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mamoT11TEV4    

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+  

+  

à  

Single  Replacement!    

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3.  Single  Replacement  §  One  element  replaces  a  2nd  in  a  compound.  

ú Metals  displace  metals,  non-­‐metals  displace  non-­‐metals  

ú  Hydrogen  is  the  exception  (acts  like  a  metal)  

§  Examples  ú  Zn  +  Cu(NO3)2  à  Cu  +  Zn(NO3)2  ú  Br2  +  NaI  à  I2  +  NaBr  ú  Zn  +  H2SO4  à  H2  +  ZnSO4  

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Would  the  following  reaction  occur??  

§  CaCl2  +  Na  à  NaCl  +  Ca  §  Will  Na  displace  Ca???  

ú  Why?    ú  Why  not?  

Activity  Series:  show  how  reactive  an  element  is.  

     Pg  286    -­‐a  more  reactive  element  will  replace  a  less  reactive  element  

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Will  it  react?      If  so,  what  is  the  product?    

1.  Zn  +  H2O(l)  à    2.  Sn  +  O2  à  3.  Cd  +  Pb(NO3)2  à  

4.  Cu  +  HCl  à  5.  Will  solid  iron  and  Lead  (II)  

nitrate  react  in  a  single  replacement  reaction?    If  so,  write  the  balanced  chemical  formula  for  this  reaction.  

Cd(NO3)2    +  Pb  

SnO  or  SnO2  

No  reaction  

No  reaction  

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4.  Double  Replacement  §  2  elements  (metals/+  ions)  switch  partners.  §  Examples  

ú  Na2S  +  Cd(NO3)2  à  CdS  +  NaNO3  ú  NaCN  +  H2SO4  à    ú  Ca(OH)2  +  HCl  à  HOH  +  CaCl2  

   HOH  =  Water  

+  → +  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opY3FLrPTa4    

HCN  +  Na2SO4  

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+  

+  

à  

Double  Replacement  

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Synthesis    Decomposition    Single    replacement    Double    replacement  

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Write  and  Balance  

1.  In  a  double  replacement  reaction  sodium  hydroxide  (NaOH)  and  iron  (III)  nitrate  react.    Write  the  balanced  formula  for  this  reaction.    

2.  Aqueous  barium  nitrate  and  aqueous  phosphoric  acid  (H3PO4)  react  to  produce  barium  phosphate  precipitate  and  aqueous  nitric  acid  (HNO3).    

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5.  Combustion  Reaction  

§  When  a  compound  or  element  is  burned  (in  the  presence  of  oxygen)  

§  Energy  in  the  form  of  heat  and  light  is  produced  

§  Hydrocarbons  are  often  the  other  reactant.  ú  Complete  combustion  products  are  always  CO2  and  H2O  

ú  Incomplete  combustion  products  are  typically  C  (soot),  CO  gas  and  H2O  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UygUcMkRy_c    

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Examples  of  Combustion  Rxns    

§  C6H6  +  O2  à  CO2  +  H2O  (benzene)  §  CH4  +  O2  à  CO2  +  H2O  (methane)    Ex:  Write  a  balanced  equation  for  the  complete  combustion  of  glucose  (C6H12O6).  

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1.  2SO2    +    O2    à    2SO3          2.  Al2(SO4)3    +    3Ca(OH)2    à    2Al(OH)3    +    3CaSO4                3.  2C2H2    +    5O2    à    4CO2    +    2H2O        4.  Mg    +    2AgNO3    à    Mg(NO3)2    +    2Ag      5.  3Ba(NO3)2    +    2H3PO4    à    Ba3(PO4)2    +    6HNO3    6.  Mg(ClO3)2  à    MgCl2    +    3O2        7.  2Be    +    O2  à    2BeO          8.  2Al    +    3CuSO4    à    Al2(SO4)3    +    3Cu      9.  2PbO2    à    2PbO    +    O2          10. 2C2H6    +    7O2  à    4CO2    +    6H2O      

What  type  of  chemical  reaction  is  each  of  the  following?    

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1.  2SO2    +    O2    à    2SO3          2.  Al2(SO4)3    +    3Ca(OH)2    à    2Al(OH)3    +    3CaSO4                3.  2C2H2    +    5O2    à    4CO2    +    2H2O        4.  Mg    +    2AgNO3    à    Mg(NO3)2    +    2Ag      5.  3Ba(NO3)2    +    2H3PO4    à    Ba3(PO4)2    +    6HNO3    6.  Mg(ClO3)2  à    MgCl2    +    3O2        7.  2Be    +    O2  à    2BeO          8.  2Al    +    3CuSO4    à    Al2(SO4)3    +    3Cu      9.  2PbO2    à    2PbO    +    O2          10. 2C2H6    +    7O2  à    4CO2    +    6H2O      

1.  S  2.  DR  3.  C  4.  SR  5.  DR  6. D  7.  S  8.  SR  9. D  10. C  

What  type  of  chemical  reaction  is  each  of  the  following?    

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Ch  8.2-­‐8.3  HW  

§ Ch  8.2  pg  284  #1-­‐4  § Ch8.3  pg  287  #1-­‐4  

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Amazing  Chemical  Reactions  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FofPjj7v414    

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Pg  286  

Label  the  type  of  reaction:    1.  2Be    +    O2  à    2BeO  2.  HI  à  H2  +  I2  3.  Br2  +  NaI  à  I2  +  NaBr  4.  Al2(SO4)3    +    3Ca(OH)2    à    

2Al(OH)3    +    3CaSO4                5.  CH4  +  O2  à    

Will  it  react?  If  so,  write  the  products  6.      ZnCl2  +  Ag  à  7.      Al2(SO4)3  +  Ca  à    8.      Na  +  O2  à  

Warm  up  

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Complete  the  reaction…  §  Pb(OH)4  +  NaCl  à    

ú  ppt???  §  Pb  +  NaCl  à  §  Are  you  sure  about  that  answer???  §  AgNO3  +  MgCl2  à  

ú  ppt?  §  KOH  à  

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§  Go  to  www.creative-­‐chemistry.org.uk/gcse/revision/equations/03.htm  

§  You  will  complete  at  least  20  problems.      

§  Sulfuric  acid  and  powdered  sugar  §  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed2AbvQ6ZrQ  

Bozeman:    §  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS8noHTIJ_E    

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Predicting  Precipitates  

§  Precipitate:  Liquid  +  Liquid  =  Solid  Cloudy  ú  Solubility  determines  formation  ú  Solubility  chart  

§  Soluble  means  NO  precipitate  will  form!  

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Will  a  precipitate  form??    Write  the  products  first  to  determine.  

Na2  CO3  +  Ba  (NO3)2  à  

H2SO4  +  Pb(OH)2  à    

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We  will  change  seats,  but  not  today.  Start  a  new  warm  up  paper:  

1/6/15

Name Per, Row Warm-­‐ups  #1  

1.    2.      

Saving paper is always good!

_/__/15

1.  What  did  you  do  well  in  Chemistry  class  last  semester?  

2.  What  was  something  that  was  hard  for  you?  3.  Set  one  goal  for  yourself  for  this  semester  in  

chemistry  class.      Read  the  article  “peeing  in  the  pool…”  4.  How  does  your  chemistry  knowledge  help  you  understand  this  article?  5.  What  elements  do  you  think  make  up  cyanogen  chloride?    Thrichloramine?    

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Warm  up  

1.  What  did  you  do  well  in  Chemistry  class  last  semester?  

2.  What  was  something  that  was  hard  for  you?  3.  Set  one  goal  for  yourself  for  this  semester  in  

chemistry  class.      

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Reminders/  thing  to  do  §  Grades  from  last  semester  are  final,  you  are  starting  with  a  clean  slate!      

§  Need  a  notebook,  red  pen,  and  calculator  ú  Can  continue  using  the  same  notebook,  if  you  have  enough  room  (this  is  recommended)  

§  Clean  out  your  binder/  backpack!    (store  stuff  at  home  if  you  want)  

§  Keep  your  final  study  guide!  ú  Use  it  to  reference  material  you  might  forget!