Jails: Correction s at the Local Level Chapter 3
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Jails: Corrections at the Local Level
Chapter 3
Corrections at the Local Level
Jails are the entryway to corrections 1 year or less or those awaiting trial
The Contemporary Jail: Entranceto the System
Origins and Evolution Feudal practices in 12th Century England
Shire reeve, Gaol
American colonies Sheriffs, Constables, Jails
Penitentiary movement Added purpose
The Contemporary Jail: Entranceto the System
Population Characteristics
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The Contemporary Jail: Entranceto the System
Administration Elected sheriff—80% of jails run by sheriff State government—6 states run by the state Federal Bureau of Prisons—11 jails total Lockups/drunk tanks Private jails Law enforcement agencies Fee system
Discussion Question
Ask students to discuss which administration philosophy works best with jails. Explain why.
The Contemporary Jail: Entranceto the System
Regional Jails
Slow to catch on Political leaders Correctional leaders Citizens Private jails
Discussion Question
What if… a regional jail was opening in your community? Neighborhood? Two blocks from your house? Would you oppose it as many have, or do you embrace the philosophy of the regional jail system?
Pretrial Detention
Special Problems of Detainees
Mental health problems Substance dependency—1/2 of all inmates Medical needs—major to minor injuries Legal needs Pretrial detainees’ rights
Discussion Question
What if jails were replaced for drug offenders with local or state drug rehabilitation centers where offenders could get the help they needed? Could this cost effective? What are some pros and cons of this idea?
The Bail Problem and Alternatives
Bail Cash Bondsman
Problems Indigent defendants Money is a weak incentive Freedom for a price
The Bail Problem and Alternatives
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The Bail Problem and Alternatives
Release on Recognizance
Higher appearance rates Lower rearrest rates Higher probation sentences Day reporting centers Electronic monitoring
The Bail Problem and Alternatives
Pretrial Diversion
Offenders’ crimes caused by special problems
Stigma attached to formal criminal labeling
Cheaper than formal criminal justice processing
The Bail Problem and Alternatives
Conduct during Pretrial Release 78% of defendants show up for every court
hearing
Absconders 1 in 5 (18%)
Rearrest Almost 1 in 5
Discussion Question
What if pretrial release was eliminated due to the problems discussed in the chapter? Would this have a positive or negative effect of jail conditions, populations, and programs?
The Bail Problem and Alternatives
Preventive Detention
Defendants regarded as dangerous are likely to commit crimes while awaiting trial and held for the protection of society
1984 Comprehensive Crime Control Act—assures safety
of the community
The Sentenced Jail Inmate
Special Difficulties for Correctional Administrators
Short duration of sentences
Physical limitations of jails
Issues in Jail Management
Legal liability
42 U.S.C. 1984—civil and criminal charges Section 1983 U.S.C.—civil judgments against
personnel
Issues in Jail Management
Jail Standards
Proactive criteria for jail management Basis for evaluation of staff performance Planning and evaluation of programs Binding or voluntary
Issues in Jail Management
Personnel Matters Poorly trained Least educated Worst paid Poor working conditions Understaffing
Issues in Jail Management
Jail Crowding Sentenced offenders waiting for prison space Violence Rape Health problems Possible solutions
Increased release options Speeding up trials
Issues in Jail Management
Issues in Jail Management
Jail Crowding
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Issues in Jail Management
The Jail Facility
New generation jail Podular design—has a common area, 12-25 cells Interaction space Personal space Direct supervision
Issues in Jail Management
The Jail Facility New generation jail
Advantages Flexible economics Easy to meet minimum standards Supervising staff is less demanding Cheaper to construct Less violence Programmatic advantages
Issues in Jail Management
The Jail Facility
New generation jail Challenges
Hard to sell to the public Outmoded between planning and completion
Discussion Question
Discuss how new structures are programmatic but how they may also become problematic as well.
The Future of the Jail
Three General Trends New construction of jail facilities
Inter-Jurisdictional jails
Growing emphasis on strengthening alternatives to jail
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