Chapter2 Sec2 2008

What you will LearnWhat you will Learn::

►Why the British needed a new Why the British needed a new trading settlement in this regiontrading settlement in this region

►Why Singapore was chosenWhy Singapore was chosen

►How Raffles succeeded in How Raffles succeeded in establishing a trading settlement establishing a trading settlement in Singaporein Singapore

Sir Stamford Raffles was Sir Stamford Raffles was known known

for……………………………..for……………………………..►Being ‘founder’ or Being ‘founder’ or

‘architect of ‘architect of Singapore’Singapore’

►Can you name Can you name places associated places associated with Raffles today?with Raffles today?

►Founding role Founding role reflected in books , reflected in books , journals and articles journals and articles

Why Singapore was chosen Why Singapore was chosen by the Britishby the British

►What was the relationship between the What was the relationship between the British and Dutch East India companies British and Dutch East India companies ??

►Fierce competition for? :Fierce competition for? :►ProfitProfit►Monopoly of trade routesMonopoly of trade routes

The British had The British had already already

developed developed commerce commerce

►ChinaChina► India India ►and the Malay and the Malay

Archipelago Archipelago

The Dutch had The Dutch had already already

developed developed commerce commerce

►Malay Malay ArchipelagoArchipelago

► Java and Java and MelakaMelaka

Why do think the ships cannot Why do think the ships cannot enter the boundary ?enter the boundary ?

►Will they be permitted to enter into Will they be permitted to enter into Malay Archipelago?Malay Archipelago?

►What must they do ?What must they do ? Pay high fees for using the port Pay high fees for using the port Pay high taxes on goods which were Pay high taxes on goods which were

bought or sold.bought or sold. All Asian boats have to carry a Dutch All Asian boats have to carry a Dutch

Flag and carry a Dutch permit or Flag and carry a Dutch permit or pass.pass.

Why do think the British were Why do think the British were interested in Singapore?interested in Singapore?

► In the 19In the 19thth century: century:►Britain’s Trade with China became very Britain’s Trade with China became very

lucrative. lucrative. ►What goods was Britain exchanging with What goods was Britain exchanging with

China? Hint Look at the map on pg 23 China? Hint Look at the map on pg 23 ►The British had two trading settlements: The British had two trading settlements:

which were:which were:►Penang and Bencoolen Penang and Bencoolen

But why were they looking for But why were they looking for another trading Settlement:another trading Settlement:

► Lets analyze the situation:Lets analyze the situation:► Both Penang and Bencoolen were Both Penang and Bencoolen were

located far from the main trading area:located far from the main trading area:

(a)(a) BencoolenBencoolen- Proved to be a poor trading centre. Proved to be a poor trading centre.

Why?Why?- Situated on the wrong side of SumatraSituated on the wrong side of Sumatra- Facing the Indian Ocean instead of the Facing the Indian Ocean instead of the

straits of Melakastraits of Melaka

(b) Penang(b) Penang- Lying far north of the Straits of MelakaLying far north of the Straits of Melaka- Was not very useful for controlling the Was not very useful for controlling the

straits of Melakastraits of Melaka- Did not protect British Ships using the Did not protect British Ships using the

Straits of Melaka.Straits of Melaka.

But why were they looking for But why were they looking for another trading Settlement:another trading Settlement:

What was preventing The British What was preventing The British to use Singapore as a trading to use Singapore as a trading

centre? :centre? :►Do not forget the competition between Do not forget the competition between

the British East India Company and the British East India Company and Dutch East India CompanyDutch East India Company

►The Dutch controlled both the Straits of The Dutch controlled both the Straits of Melaka and the Sunda Straits.Melaka and the Sunda Straits.

►The Dutch were spreading their The Dutch were spreading their monopoly of trade (Refer to Map on Pg monopoly of trade (Refer to Map on Pg 23) 23)

►The Dutch extending authority over the The Dutch extending authority over the Archipelago Archipelago

Raffles was concerned and Raffles was concerned and wrote to his Directors of the wrote to his Directors of the British East India Company:British East India Company:

►The Dutch The Dutch controlled the main controlled the main trade routes within trade routes within the Malay the Malay Archipelago Archipelago

►Melaka and the Melaka and the Sunda Straits Sunda Straits

►Not an inch of Not an inch of ground between ground between India and china India and china

This prompted The British to This prompted The British to search……………………………search……………………………►A new British A new British

trading settlement trading settlement south of Dutch south of Dutch MelakaMelaka

►Why did Raffles Why did Raffles thought of thought of choosing the choosing the South of Dutch South of Dutch Melaka?Melaka?

What prompted Raffles to What prompted Raffles to see Melaka as an ideal see Melaka as an ideal

choice choice ►MelakaMelaka- Occupied a better position Occupied a better position - Natural advantages as an excellent Natural advantages as an excellent

harbour and a good supply of drinking harbour and a good supply of drinking water water

- A commanding position to protect A commanding position to protect ships against Pirate attacksships against Pirate attacks

What Problems did the What Problems did the British Face in starting a British Face in starting a

trading settlement in trading settlement in Singapore?Singapore?

►British reached British reached Singapore on 28Singapore on 28thth January 1819January 1819

►The island was The island was covered with covered with jungle and jungle and mangrove treesmangrove trees

What other things did the What other things did the British see and hear ?British see and hear ?

►The Orang Lauts The Orang Lauts ►What was the good What was the good

news the British heard?news the British heard?►Did Raffles took this Did Raffles took this

opportunity?opportunity?►Whom did Raffles visit Whom did Raffles visit

to seek permission to to seek permission to set a trading settlement set a trading settlement in Singapore in Singapore

According to the According to the Temenggong…..Temenggong…..

►Only the Sultan has Only the Sultan has the right to give a the right to give a permission permission

►There was another There was another problem to this ? problem to this ?

►Sultan was under the Sultan was under the control of the Dutch control of the Dutch

►Read the comic strip Read the comic strip on pg 26 on pg 26

But Raffles recognised …….But Raffles recognised …….

►Tengku Hussein as Tengku Hussein as the rightful Sultanthe rightful Sultan

►Decided to obtain Decided to obtain his permission to his permission to start the settlement start the settlement

►What was Tengku What was Tengku Hussein’s response Hussein’s response to this plan? to this plan?

On the 6On the 6thth February 1819…… February 1819……

►Sultan Hussein and Sultan Hussein and Temenggong signed Temenggong signed the treaty with the the treaty with the British British

►The British were The British were finally permitted to finally permitted to set up a settlement set up a settlement in the southern part in the southern part of Singaporeof Singapore

What was the price of the What was the price of the agreement ? agreement ?

Why was the Treaty Why was the Treaty important to the British ?important to the British ?

► It gave the right to establish a trading It gave the right to establish a trading settlement in the southern par of settlement in the southern par of Singapore.Singapore.

►He called Singapore his ‘child’ and ‘ He called Singapore his ‘child’ and ‘ my new colomy new colony’ny’

►Why was Raffles very happy ?Why was Raffles very happy ?

However, this agreement However, this agreement angered somebody…….angered somebody…….

►The Dutch The Dutch protested stronglyprotested strongly

►Luckily no war Luckily no war erupted due to this erupted due to this tensiontension

►Why and what Why and what were the reasons?were the reasons?

If both sides go to war……..If both sides go to war……..

►There was nothing to There was nothing to gain from wargain from war

►Only losses in terms Only losses in terms of territory and more of territory and more importantly importantly casualties casualties

►Peace is the best Peace is the best remedy remedy

►Finally The Dutch Finally The Dutch and the British and the British signed a treaty in signed a treaty in 18241824

►This allowed the This allowed the British to keep British to keep Singapore Singapore

The Treaty……………………..The Treaty……………………..

►Was called the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 17 Was called the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 17 March 1824’ or the ‘Treaty of London’March 1824’ or the ‘Treaty of London’

►Now, the Malay Peninsula and the Now, the Malay Peninsula and the Singapore came within the British Singapore came within the British sphere of influencesphere of influence

►There was a mutual exchange of trading There was a mutual exchange of trading ports between the British and the Dutchports between the British and the Dutch

►Melaka was given by the Dutch in Melaka was given by the Dutch in exchange for Britain’s Bencoolen exchange for Britain’s Bencoolen

The British now has ……..The British now has ……..

►Three ports in the Three ports in the Straits of Melaka:Straits of Melaka:

1.1.Singapore Singapore

2.2.Melaka Melaka

3.3.Penang Penang

Did Singapore become a Did Singapore become a British colony in 1819?British colony in 1819?

►The British were only given rights to The British were only given rights to start a trading settlement start a trading settlement

►They were only given a piece of land in They were only given a piece of land in the southern part of Singapore Islandthe southern part of Singapore Island

►Singapore was still under the control of Singapore was still under the control of a Sultana Sultan

► It officially became a colony in August It officially became a colony in August 1824 1824

►Who was the official who made Who was the official who made Singapore a British possession? Singapore a British possession?

How did the New Settlement How did the New Settlement come to life ?come to life ?

►As Raffles left for an assignment at As Raffles left for an assignment at Bencoolen…..Bencoolen…..

►Farquhar was left in-charge of the new Farquhar was left in-charge of the new British SettlementBritish Settlement

►Farquhar served as a resident or the Farquhar served as a resident or the local ruler of settlement local ruler of settlement

►Was also the commander of British Was also the commander of British and Indian troops on the islandand Indian troops on the island

Farquhar had a difficult job of Farquhar had a difficult job of getting the new settlement getting the new settlement

started………started………

2. A filthy and unhygienic living environment

3. How to end or stop the Violence?

4. Where to get steady supply of food?

1. How to convince people to settle in Singapore ?

What did Farquhar do What did Farquhar do …………

1. Had to get People to come to trade and live in Singapore

2. Campaign to kill Rats and Centipedes to keep Singapore Clean

3. Started a new police force to curb violence and keep law and order

4. To maintain sufficient supply of food to keep our new settlers at Singapore

Copyright Copyright Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

►The following pictures were taken from The following pictures were taken from the following books:the following books:

1)1)Singapore From Settlement to Nation Singapore From Settlement to Nation 1819-1971, PanPac Education 1819-1971, PanPac Education

2)2)My Singapore , Sketches by Morgan My Singapore , Sketches by Morgan ChuaChua

3)3)A Picture History of Singapore, 3A Picture History of Singapore, 3rdrd edition By Amy Chua edition By Amy Chua