Chapter19 europe expands-overseas_slide-share

Europe Expands Overseas

Chapter 19-bju PressPEP NKY

Imperialism Definition:

Extension of power by one people or country over another country

Industrialized nations sought new overseas territories as sources for▪ Raw materials for their factories▪ Markets for their industrial goods▪ Empires to symbolize their power and glory▪ Economic and political movement▪ Provided opportunity for missionary outreach▪ Great Commission: “Go ye into all the world, and

preach the gospel to every creature” (Mark 16:15)

Chapter 19 Imperialism http://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo

With, you guessed it, John Green (skip open letter)

Things to make note of (yes, on a piece of paper) What did the British offer the Chinese in trade that created

a lot of drug addicts?▪ Opium-1830s British free trade policy unleased a flood of the drug on China

Then the Chinese threatened to cut off trade in?▪ Rhubarb, silk, and tea-Chinese produced without which foreigners could not

live! What happened to the monkeys?!▪ Nothing-do not strap fireworks to the back of monkeys!

What was the result of the Treaty of Nanjing?▪ Britain got Hong Kong and five other treaty ports, and equivalent of

$2 billion in cash What does prolific mean?▪ Abundant, a lot of

Africa: The Dark Continent Why is Africa called the “Dark Continent?”

Mysterious to Europeans Did not have Christ

Africa is the ________ largest continent Second

________ % of the world’s population lives in Africa. Thirteen

_________ % Africa’s land is desert. Forty

Africa-European Colonization

Africa after W.W. I

African colonization Europeans wanted colonies to get what?

Sources of raw materials-cotton, copper, iron, rubber-used in industrialization

Why did Europeans not take over Africa until the last 19th century? Africans were not devastated by diseases like smallpox because had it

and were immune Africa had its own diseases-yellow fever, malaria, sleeping sickness Nagana killed horses No horses-no transportation What allowed European to conquer Africa?▪ Technology▪ Steamship▪ Quinine-anti-malaria drug▪ Guns!▪ Maxim machine gun

European imperialism involved? A lot of fighting and dying

Fighting & Dying? Pirates? Kings?

Imperialist leaders pirates?

Heads of European states pirates in disguise?

Gilbert & Sullivan: Pirates of Penzance https://youtu.be/q2j90qg_5_w

Satire? Sinks more ships that a

real monarch ought to do?

Religion in Africa-European Missionaries

Portuguese Catholic priests-Central Africa-16th-18th centuries

British and American evangelical Protestant missionary movements-18th-19th centuries David Livingstone, 1813-1873▪ https://youtu.be/fY2gr7h6OlU - 3 points

Helped to end the slave trade Moderated effects of colonial greed that had

exploited African resources Promoted development of native Christian

churches

Samuel Adjai Crowther,1807-1891

Family in the Yoruba country on the Niger River

1821-slave traders attacked village

Killed his father and took Adjai, his mother, 2 sisters prisoner

Adjai put on Portuguese slave ship Two British warships stopped the slave ship

before leaving Africa-freed slaves British took Adjai to Liberia-missionary took care

of him Adjai became a Christian and changed name to

Samuel Adjai Crowther

US-geographic & political expansion

American expanse westward What was the purchase President

Thomas Jefferson made in 1803 that added more than 800,000 square miles of French territory to the U.S.? Louisiana Purchase Bought from whom?▪ Napoleon

For how much?▪ $15 million

US Expansion How did the US expand its borders from the Atlantic

to the Pacific? Settlement Purchase War

What additional territory was added in 1867? Alaska

Who did the US buy it from? Russia

By the end of the 19th century, the US also controlled? Hawaii Cuba Puerto Rico The Philippines

US Expansion

Isolation? US tradition? In 1823 President James Monroe

instituted the ______ Doctrine. Monroe

What did it mean? Policy of neutrality and isolation from European

politics America not interested in “entangling alliances” What did Monroe say about N. and S. America?▪ US would regard any attempt by Europe to extend her

control “to any portion of this [Western] hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.

What did Monroe promise Europe?▪ US would not interfere in European affairs

The Monroe Doctrine challenged By whom?

French emperor Napoleon III Wanted empire in New World Sent French troops into Mexico Named Austrian archduke Maximilian in charge of Mexico

(Maximilian I of Mexico) Infringement of Monroe Doctrine What did the US not respond?▪ Middle of Civil War▪ Dates?▪ 1861-65

▪ After war over, what happened?▪ American army on Mexican border, forced Napoleon III to withdraw his troops▪ What happened to Maximilian?

Captured and executed by Mexican forces in 1867 gave his executioners a portion of gold not to shoot him in the head so that his

mother could see his face.

Cuba What happened in 1898 in Havana Harbor?

Battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded Killed 268 (book says 260)American sailors

Who did the U.S. blame? Spain

▪ http://ezproxy.bcpl.org:2048/login?url=http://avod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=104125&xtid=8334&loid=13090

What happened as a result? U.S. Congress declared war and sent troops to Cuba

What happened as a result of this action? Spanish-American war:

▪ Spain gave US Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines▪ Battle of Manila Bay▪ http://ezproxy.bcpl.org:2048/login?url=http://

avod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=104125&xtid=8334&loid=13090 What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

President Theodore Roosevelt US claimed right to intervene in any Latin American country

Spanish-American War-Media Made?

First Media War Spain-worldwide empire-high point late

1700 1898- losing areas frequently Cuba too hard to govern-minor

revolution breaks out Bad news for Americans who owned

Cuban sugar, tobacco and iron market homes valued at over $50 million (worth ca. $1.2 billion today)

Enter the newspapers!

"If it bleeds, it leads"

Yellow Journalism-1890s+

Newspapers – Make News!/Fake News?/Lies? Sensationalized & manufactured dramatic events Melodrama Romance Hyperbole

Joseph Pulitzer, 1847-1911 William Randolph Hearst, 1863-1951 Cuba-Hearst's star reporters ordered to write stories designed

to tug at the heartstrings of Americans female prisoners, executions, valiant rebels fighting, starving women

and children , Spanish cannibalism, inhumane torture Created a war with Cuba would sell papers & give Hearst power sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor that gave Hearst his big story no evidence that Spain responsible for sinking Newspapers blamed the Spanish Moved U.S. public opinion to demand intervention/retaliation

Yellow Journalism-Hearst vs Pulitzer

Spanish American War, 1898

Who was president of the United States at this time?William McKinley (1843-1901) – 25th president of the United States-Republican candidate for president in 1896, he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan

Spanish American War causalities

Army grew from 28,000 to 275,000 What killed more American soldiers than

battle? 6 dead from disease (typhoid) for every 1

killed in battle or died of his wounds

Disease!

Europeans in the South Pacific

Australia and New Zealand – exploration

First European settlers were? Convicts Britain had sent convicts to penal colonies

in the US before the war-where?▪ Georgia (North America)

Were the Australian convicts dangerous criminals?▪ Imprisoned for either minor crimes or debt

Australia-The Land Down Under European name-Australia is on opposite side of earth from

Europe and North America Southern Hemisphere

Seasons are?▪ Opposite to the Northern Hemisphere

Kangaroos Koalas Tasmanian devils

https://youtu.be/c54SvkgQ04A Aborigines

“Those who are from the beginning”

Original inhabitants of Australia

Traded with Indonesians-not isolated

Aborigines Originally 500 different clans Hunter-gathers 200-250 different languages Did not always know about each other Common belief

Land was sacred Most sacred site Uluru or Ayers Rock in central

Australia Believe that the right to use land and a duty to care for

and preserve that land Storytelling▪ Dreamtime stories—time before time▪ https://youtu.be/jg1TEzn7Fyk - Didgeridoo

Uluru or Ayers RockLarge sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory-central. 208 mi. south west of the nearest large town, Alice Springs.

Aborigines Survived using available natural resources Invented unique tools Ate many things

Moths▪ Roasted: Sifted them in a net to remove heads, legs, wings-roasted

bodies in sand before eating▪ Moth cake: mashed into a paste and baked

Grubs▪ Raw or cooked in ashes

Ants Termites Honeybees Cockroaches Caterpillars

Arrival of Europeans Dislodged aborigines from ancestral lands

Shrinking areas-hardly any place for them Recently Australian government recognize

aboriginal claims Who were the Europeans who came to

Australia? 1770-Capt. James COOK took possession of the

east coast in the name of Great Britain All of Australia claimed as British territory in

1829 Commonwealth of Australia in 1901

Australian Continent-Facts Smallest and flattest continent Driest inhabited continent

Average annual rainfall only 17 inches Last continent to be settled by Europeans

Americans voting on the U.S. Constitution same year Most sparsely populated Only continent united under one national flag Island Only inhabited continent with no land bridge to

another continent Only continent except Antarctica completely in

Southern Hemisphere Warmer in the north than the south

Animals

Exotic animals not found elsewhere▪ Kangaroos▪ Small muskrat▪ Giant red-taller than a man-Hops 30 miles an hour▪ word comes from aboriginal language Guugu

Yimithirr-gangurru▪ First recorded as "kangooroo or kanguru" on 4 August

1770, by Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook on the banks of the Endeavour River at the site of modern Cooktown, when HM Bark Endeavour was beached for almost seven weeks to repair damage sustained on the Great Barrier Reef

Birds http://youtu.be/S0ZbykXlg6Q What is it?

Kookaburra Large and noisy bird Lives in Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea East large insects, small reptiles,

amphibians Doesn’t drink any water Get it from food

Birds that cannot fly?

Ostriches World’s largest birds

Emus World’s second

largest birds Cassowarys

World’s thirdlargest birds

What is it? Freshwater mammal Lays eggs Tail like a beaver Bill and webbed feet like a duck Streamlined body like an otter Spur on both hind legs injects venom into its

victims Stores food in cheek pouches Last clue!~Lives in lakes and rives on the

east coast of Australia Platypus!!!

New Zealand First white settlers on the New Zealand islands?

Escaped convicts from Australia and deserters from British ships

Before them-brown-skinned people settled Maori from Polynesia Aborigines from Asia - a darker race in Australia Maori more warlike and resisted European advance Sometimes ate defeated foes 9.7% of New Zealand’s population

Imperialism in India

Britain takes over India Power to the British East India

Company Old Charter-company protected Indian

religious practices▪ Thuggee-Indian caste robbed, strangled,

hacked apart, buried unsuspecting victims▪ Act of worship to goddess Bhavani (Kali)▪ What English word do we get from this?

Thug

Imperialism in India Religious practices

Suttee▪ Widow throws herself on dead husband’s funeral pyre▪ Sanskrit sati (“good woman” or “chaste wife”)

Custom-suspend person by hooks in the tendons of his back▪ Offering to the gods

In 1813, British East India Co. adopted new charter▪ Help missionaries to get rid of heathen practices▪ Imposed Western ways on Indian society▪ What do you think happened because of this?

India-Sepoy Mutiny or Indian Rebellion

Sepoys were? Native Indian troops of the East India Co.

What happened in 1857? Rifle cartridges introduced▪ What did a soldier have to do to a cartridge to use it?▪ Bite off the end

Greased with sheep fat to keep powder dry▪ Rumors spread-said what?▪ Greased was from cows and pigs▪ Why was this an problem?

Cows sacred to Hindus Pigs unclean for Muslims https://youtu.be/MV0fYMIvtyU

South Africa Who were the first

Europeans to settle South Africa? Dutch

What colony did they establish on the southern tip of Africa? Cape Town

What were the Dutch colonists called and what does it mean? Boers – Farmers Boers also known as Afrikaners

Boer War (1899-1902)Britain vs White settlersin South Africa What was discovered in 1867?

Diamonds and gold https://youtu.be/L-9sd5Q_ifQ First and only war-both sides used

bicycles

Boer War Deaths

What killed more British troops than combat? 10 British troops died of disease for each

1 who died in combat or from combat-related wounds

DISEASE!

British Concentration Camps British put ¼ of Boer population in

concentration camps 26, 370 women and children died of

disease in the camps

Emily Hobhouse (1860-1926), an English philanthropist and social worker who tried to improve the plight of women and

children in the camps, obtains permission to visit concentration camps.https://

www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/Boer-War-Concentration-Camps

Some people in town still assert that the Camp is a haven of bliss. I was at the camp to-day, and just in one little corner this is the sort of thing I found – The nurse, underfed and overworked, just sinking on to her bed, hardly able to hold herself up, after coping with some thirty typhoid and other patients, with only the untrained help of two Boer girls–cooking as well as nursing to do herself. Next tent, a six months' baby gasping its life out on is mother's knee. Two or three others drooping sick in that tent.Next, a girl of twenty-one lay dying on a stretcher. The father, a big, gentle Boer kneeling beside her; while, next tent, his wife was watching a child of six, also dying, and one of about five drooping. Already this couple had lost three children in the hospital …

Starvation, measles, bronchitis, pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid, neglectLizzie van Zyl (c. 1894 – 9 May 1901), daughter of a Boer combatant

who refused to surrender., died at a camp. Girl treated harshly and placed on the lowest rations. After a month, she was moved to the new hospital outside of the concentration camp, suffering from starvation. Unable to speak English, she was labelled an "idiot" by the hospital staff. Calling for her mother Afrikaner woman, Mrs Botha, tried to comfort her, but "was brusquely interrupted by one of the nurses who told her not to interfere with the child as she was a nuisance."

Results of Imperialism Negatives

Exploitation of people and wealth in overseas empires▪ Greedy officials and merchants=personal fortunes▪ Abused native peoples

Divided Africa and ignored ancient tribal boundaries▪ Produced strife – opposing tribes grouped together

or split apart under different European countries Europeans did not respect native cultures▪ Africans and Asians resented Western culture

Results of Imperialism Positives

Governments built public buildings, roads, railroads

Supported democratic government ▪ Bureaucracy to administer it▪ Brought civil order and civil services▪ Missionary outreach▪ Political and social equality through Christianity▪ Schools, colleges, hospitals

Quiz-Were you paying attention?

1. In 1823 President James Monroe instituted the ______ Doctrine. Monroe

2. What happened in 1898 in Havana Harbor? Battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded

3. What does Aborigine mean? Those who are from the beginning

4. What happened in 1857 in India? Sepoy Mutiny

5. What land acquisition doubled the size of the US in 1803? Louisiana Purchase

6. The Spanish-American Was resulted from Spain’s mistreatment of which country? Cuba – Italy – Puerto Rico-Guam - Philippines

Cuba7. Where did the British put Boer/Affrikaner women and children?

Concentration camps

Quiz Review The ___________ purchase doubled the size

of the U.S. Louisiana

Europe expanded in the 19th century because they wanted? Sources of raw materials for industry New markets for goods Nationalism and pride sought overseas empires They did NOT want to spread ideas of monarchy

and feudalism

Quiz Review Spanish-American War came from Spain

mistreating what country? Cuba

Australia’s original settlers were? Convicts

Who declared Brazil independent and became its emperor? Dom Pedro

Boxer Rebellion occurred because Chinese wanted to get rid of Western influence

Japan’s first treaty with a Western nation? Treaty of Kanagawa

Quiz Review

1. The Foreign Legion came from what country? France https://youtu.be/gi3ggH1s-sM

2. Frontier states in the US did NOT enter the union on an equal basis with the original colonies? T or F

F, they did3. Latin American countries were politically unstable

after becoming independent? T or F T, many problems

4. Japan lost to China in the Sino-Japanese war and Japan was forced to grant more grade concessions to the West. T or F

F, they did not