VS-Ch.2-1 VISUAL SUMMARY Chapter Two Neural Bases of Behavior Our Genetic Inheritance Hormones & the Endocrine System How Do Neurons Communicate? Behavioral Genetics Evolutionary Psychology Natural selection and genetic mutations How Do Neurotransmitters Affect Us? Pineal gland (helps regulate sleep cycle and body rhythms) Hypothalamus (controls pituitary gland) Pituitary gland (influences growth and lactation; also secretes many hormones, some of which affect other glands) Parathyroid glands (behind the thyroid gland, help regulate calcium levels in the blood) Thyroid gland (affects metabolism) Adrenal glands (above the kidneys, arouse the body, control stress response, regulate salt balance and some sexual functioning) Pancreas (controls the blood’ s sugar level) Ovaries (secrete female sex hormones) Testes (secrete male sex hormones) Nucleus Neurotransmitter Axon terminal button Synaptic gap Receiving neuron Receiving neuron Sending neuron Vesicle containing neurotransmitters Action potential Receptor sites on receiving neuron Sending neuron Terminal buttons Front Back c02_VS.indd 1 16-10-2014 14:22:27
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Chapter Two SUMMARY - Amazon S3...Occipital lobes Vision and visual perception Temporal lobes Hearing, language comprehension, memory, and some emotional control Broca’s area (lower
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VS-Ch.2-1
V I S U A L
S U M M A R YChapter Two
Neural Bases of Behavior
Our Genetic Inheritance
Hormones & the Endocrine System
How Do Neurons Communicate?
Behavioral Genetics Evolutionary PsychologyNatural selection and genetic mutations
How Do Neurotransmitters Affect Us?
Pineal gland (helps regulatesleep cycle and body rhythms)
Hypothalamus (controls pituitary gland)
Pituitary gland (influences growthand lactation; also secretes manyhormones, some of which affectother glands)
Parathyroid glands (behindthe thyroid gland, help regulate calcium levelsin the blood)
Thyroid gland (affects metabolism)
Adrenal glands (above the kidneys,arouse the body, control stressresponse, regulate salt balanceand some sexual functioning)
Pancreas (controls theblood’s sugar level)
Ovaries (secrete femalesex hormones)
Testes (secrete male sex hormones)
Nucleus
Neurotransmitter
Axon terminalbutton
Synaptic gap
Receivingneuron
Receiving neuron
Sending neuron
Vesiclecontainingneurotransmitters
Actionpotential
Receptor siteson receivingneuron
Sendingneuron
Terminal buttons
Front Back
c02_VS.indd 1 16-10-2014 14:22:27
VS-Ch.2-2
The Cerebral Cortex
Two Brains in One?
Biological Tools for Research Brain Organization
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Reticular formationHelps screen incomingsensory information andhelps control arousal
AmygdalaLimbic system structure (Fig. 2.18)influencing emotions(especially aggressionand fear)
Cerebral cortexThin outer layer responsible for most complex behaviorsand higher mental processes
HypothalamusLimbic system structure (Fig. 2.18); responsible for regulating drives (e.g., hunger, thirst, sex, aggression); helps govern endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward