Chapter two notes

Word Parts

1. Macro – Large

2. -ase – enzyme

3. -ose – sugar

4. Haleo – salt

5. Thermo - heat

Chapter Two

Chemistry of Life

3 Parts of an Atom

Proton – positively charged

Neutron – no charge (neutral)

Electron – negatively charged

ElementsConsist entirely of 1 type of atom

(Periodic Table)Most Important Elements:

C - carbon

H - hydrogen

O - oxygen

N - nitrogen

Compounds

Combination of two or more elementsH²O - waterCO² - carbon dioxideNaCl – saltH²O² - hydrogen peroxideThe Most Abundant compound in living

things is H²O

Water

Cohesion – attraction b/w same substances

Adhesion – attraction b/w diff. substances

Solvent – does the dissolving (water)

Solute – gets dissolved (color)

Solution – even mixture (colored water)

Mixture – not chemically combined (flour/sugar)

pH Scale – determines how acidic or basic a substance is:

Strong Acid

Weak Acid

Strong Base

Weak Base

4 Macromolecules

1. Carbohydrates – main source of energy for living things

Example: Starches and Sugars

2. Lipids – stores energy

Examples: Fats, Oils, & Waxes

4 Macromolecules

3. Nucleic Acid – stores & transmits genetic information

Examples: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) or Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

4. Proteins – made of amino acids & controls cell processes, forms muscle, & helps fight disease

Examples: Meats, Peanuts, Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions

Chemical Reactions – when one set of chemical turn into another set by breaking and forming new bonds.

Reactants Products

How Enzymes Work:1. Substrates bind to an enzyme (-ase)

2. Substrate changes into products

3. Products are released

4. Enzyme starts the process again

Draw: Catalase+ H²O² H²O + O²

Enzymes Cont.

Enzymes must fit the substrate like a “Lock and Key” or “Puzzle Piece” or it wont work.

Enzymes are affected by pH and temperature.

Denatured Enzymes have changed shape from excessive pH or temperature and no longer work properly.