72 Chapter Three Polymer Concrete 3.1 Introduction Polymer concrete has been utilized as a replacement for standard concrete and cementitious repair mortars due to its ability to overcome the primary disadvantages of the aforementioned materials. The physical properties such as durability and enhanced chemical resistance were quickly recognized. Structural stability when exposed to the freeze-thawing process was also advantageous as degeneration of the cementitious microstructure when exposed to sub-zero environmental conditions and subsequent thawing cycle is a common problem with Portland cement systems. Polymer concrete/mortars are basically produced by combining thermosetting resin(s) with grading aggregates and have been used in one form or another since the 1950s. Although not containing any actual ‘Portland cement’ this material is referred to as a ‘concrete’ due to its actual definition. The word ‘concrete’ describes an aggregate bound together by a substance to form a hardened mass. The polymer binds the desired aggregate together to form a stable structure when hard. One of the