Chapter Six ESD in Europe and German Efforts for Implementing ESD in Curricula(Geography) by Dieter Gross.

Chapter Six

ESD in Europe and German Efforts for Implementing ESD

in Curricula(Geography)

by

Dieter Gross

UNECE

ESD IN EUROPE AND GERMAN EFFORTS FOR IMPLEMENTING

ESD IN CURRICULA (GEOGRAPHY)

EUROPE encompasses countries # with a rich cultural diversity

# with different socio-economic and political conditions

changing lifestyles

EDUCATION

German-Japanese Cooperation: DESD-Project

?

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

SOCIETY

The individual is confronted with changed societal and political structures:# knowledge-based economy# jobless growth# end of lifelong employment# internationalized problems# socially unsustainable prosp.

Consequences:# individual and collective resp.# education has to convey values# curricula have to offer decision-making structures (economy, environment, society)

Awareness of cross-sectoral linkages:# interconnectedness of culture and nature# crisis of nature means crisis of culture

Watch!

Economy

経済Environ-ment環境

Society 社会

balancing out

VALUESimportant forthe constructionof curricula!!

IMPLEMENTATION

Mega-Cities (Growing Cities): Structural change of economic sectors towards services, cities as centers of services will grow but followed by further crises. In order to cope with these issues additional resources must be allocated - due to inborn genetic deficiencies of mega – cities.

The inner city will lose residents, therefore increase of offices vs. decrease of housing. Suburbs will grow – more noise and air pollution caused by urban traffic since there will be more commuters.

Political imperative: City planning for a Sustainable Future Objectives: a liveable and sustainable city; mixture of housing (30%) and services (70%). A balance of job and residence. Knowledge industry could be partly moved into the vicinity. Appropriate measures should be taken to avoid urban sprawl and/or the doughnut phenomenon

ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT

SOCIETY

DECISION MAKING

STRUCTURE

Fairness across space

To live socially and economically satisfactory lives within limited global natural resources and carrying capacity

To receive the inheritance of previous generation and pass it on to future generation correctly

To respect the diversityof individuals, species,culture, which is alsoof other organisms

Individual’s will to build a better society, net-working through communication with others, flexible and open mutual dialogues and social participation

Diversity

Fairness across time

Human will and networking

To distribute wealth, goods and resources between nations and regions in an equitable way

Capacity and Resource:

Basics of Basics of sustainabilisustainabilityty JFS

Prerequisites for SD:

important

Botanical Garden, Rome,2005

critical and creative thinkingreflection in both local

and global contexts

really important

systemic thinking

German Efforts

GermanyNational

Decade,2005

BLK-Agenda 21, 1999-2004

• foresighted thinking

• interdisciplinary work• transcultural understanding and cooperation• participatory skills• planning and implementation skills• empathy, compassion, and solidarity• distanced reflection on individual and cultural models

NGOs

FEE Eco Schools (Foundation for EE)

UNESCO Schools (ASP Associated Schools Project)

ENSI (OECD: Environment and School Initiatives)

COMPETENCIES

Transfer 21: good practiceNetwork of stakeholdersPublic awareness

International cooperation

Focus of the projects

Based on deficiency model: people need awareness, knowledge,understanding, skills

very often EE because there is a lack of models forimplementing SD

Change of individual behavior

Action competence

Approach:

Bottom up

Process oriented

Intrinsic values

Learning

ESDChange of socio-economic structures and lifestylesEthical -Equity, justice, respect, democracy

Future oriented

Participation

Critical reflection

The Pillars of Learning

to do

to live together

LEARNING

to know

tobe

LEARNING

# critical thinking, problem solving and decision-making skills

# self awareness, self esteem and self confidence

# practical skills

# “collective responsibility and constructive partner-ship” and empathy skills

The project will expect the delivery of the model ESD curriculum more than 600 to 1,000 teachers in respected countries.

OBJECTIVES OF THE CONFERENCE

Models of ESD teaching materials that could be used in the classrooms in both countries

Development of ESD teaching materials to be applied not only German and Japanese schools, but also schools of other countries both in Europe and Asia-Pacific.

Top down

Bottom up

Local educational authorities and institutions of formal education are encouraged to take on responsibility for implementing the relevant provisions of the strategy and monitoring it.

ACCUHiroshima2006

Bottom up

COMMENTS ON A MODEL CURRICULUM

BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

“I was deeply impressed by the materials you had sent me, and I am sure that this kind of idea would also work in Japanese classrooms, I am sure that your systematic idea will help Japanese teachers in terms how they should teach topics and items in the extremely wide Geography curriculum in Japan.”

Kaoru OKAMOTO, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Tokyo, 25.5.94 Education of the Rising Sun : an introduction to education in Japan / Kaoru Okamoto.Published: [Tokyo: Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, 1992.]http://www.dgross-sustainable.de/

comeuro.htm

MODELMODEL

SUSTAINABILITYMega Cities


ECONOMY SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTINNER

CITY

DECISION - MAKING STRUCTURES

SUSTAINABILITY Mega Cities


ECONOMY SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTThe inner city will lose residents, thereforeincrease of offices vs. decrease of housing. Suburbs will grow - more noise and air pollution caused by urban traffic since there will be more commuters.

INNER

CITY




Political imperative: City planning for a Sustainable Future Objectives: A livable and sustainable city; Mixture of housing (30%) and services (70%). A balance of job and residence. Knowledge Industry could be partly moved into the vicinity.Appropriate measures should be taken to avoidurban sprawl and/or the doughnutphenomenon

INNER

CITY




Political imperative: City planning for a Sustainable Future Objectives: A livable and sustainable city; Mixture of housing (30%) and services (70%). Knowledge industry could be partly moved into the vicinity.Appropriate measures should be taken to avoidurban sprawl and/or the doughnutphenomenon

Unsustainable production and consumption cause an increase in decology.Reasons: Cultural peculiarities andshareholder-value instead ofsocietal responsibility.

INNER

CITY

WASTE






CO2 emission, water and air pollution (incinerating plant) will have effects on freshwater reserves and well-being conditions

INNER

CITY

WASTE






Stressful living conditions cause migrationtowards suburbs. City Planning should be re-evaluated. The CBD should be more than business. Recreational areas (parks) and public squares for social communication should be added. Raises identification with the city and supports well- being. Decrease environmental load and create asustainable society.

CO2 emission, water and air pollution (incinerating plant) will have effects on freshwater reserves and well-being conditions.

I NNER

CITY

W A S T E








INNER

CITY

Economic pressure: Continuous demand for property in the CBD. Face-to-Face business.

WASTE

HOUS ING








INNER

CITY


WASTE

HOUS ING

Results of densely populated areas: - Heaps of waste and noise - Missing social consensus








INNER

CITY


WASTE

HOUS ING


Decentralisation of services by making useof high-speed-systems (train). Improving living conditions in the inner city. And loop roadsshould be merged with green axis

Responsibility

Political imperative: City planning for a Sustainable Future Objectives: A livable and sustainable city; Mixture of housing (30%) and services(70%). Knowledge industry could bepartly moved into the vicinity.Appropriate measures should be taken to Avoid urban sprawl and/or the doughnutphenomenon


The inner city will lose residents, thereforeincrease of offices vs. decrease of housing. Suburbs will grow - more noise and air pollution caused by urban traffic since there will be more commuters.

Examples:

INNER CITY

SUSTAINABILITY Curriculum

OBJECTIVESCONTENT THEMESECONOMY ENVIRONMENT




Examples:

WASTE

Stressful living conditions cause migrationtowards suburbs. City Planning should be re-evaluated. The CBD should be more than business. Recreational areas (parks) and public squares for social communication should be added. Raises identification with the city and supports well- being. Decrease environmental load and createA sustainable society

OBJECTIVESECONOMY ENVIRONMENT

CONTENT THEMES




Examples:

HOUSING

Decentralisation of services by making use of high-speed-systems (train). mproving living conditions in the innercity. And loop roads should be mergedwith green axis.

OBJECTIVESECONOMY ENVIRONMENT

CONTENT THEMES

Economy EnvironmentCompetence of Responsibility SUBJECTS EXAMPLES

COMPETENCE OF SPACE

Decision-Making Structures which help to determine self-responsibility: the correlation network of economic, ecological and social conditions being balanced and related to other areas by simultaneous and equilibrated viewing of

these conditional factors

5

4

3

2

1

Agriculture and tourismas important componentsin the economic and sociallife of Europe

Densely populated regions(“conurbations”) as economicand living areas

Regional plannng and re-gional policy in Europe inconnection with measurestaken within the frameworkof structural policy and with the principle of subsidiarity

Industry and Services:Energy and knowledge/know-how as foundations ofdevelopment

Political Union:Emergence and structure of theEuropean Union, taking intoconsideration the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany as well as other European nations

Subsidised agriculture without market orienta-tion, a result of the Common Agricultural Poli-cy (CAP), overaccentuation of production quo-tas. Tourism, an important economic factor, includes peripheral areas as well

Understanding the fact that keeping the EuropeanAgricultural Market open for agricultural produce from Third countries, i.e. non-members of the Euro-pean Community, also contributes towards the pre-servation of a varied landscape of cultivated land andof nature in Europe, thereby facilitating a durable and ecologically acceptable equilibrium between agricultural activity and the natural resources.

Understanding the fact that the kind of “gobal” man-agement of the economies of the European industrial-ised nations has to follow the principle of “sustainabili-ty” and that in order to preserve Europe’s competitive-ness (the motor of integration) it is absolutely vital torealise to that the quality of the environment and eco-nomic growth are interdependent and that energy-sav- ing measures constitute a contribution towards develop-ing the DCs

Excessive exploitation of agriculture as aresult of tourism and “industrial” production methods. Neglected land to be cultivated: alack of environmental awareness.

# Conventional and alternative farming# Agriculture and tourism# Trade Agreements of the EU, Fortress Europe!?# The Euro-Babana# The Lomé Convention

A progressing agglomeration process in urbanareas and areas of industrial activity, advantagesand disadvantages

A change of importance of locational factors asa result of internationalisation and globalisationof the economy, cross-border planning and cre-ation of transnational networks. Development of communication and traffic routes as a com-ponent of structural policy for regions and the European Economic Area A structural change of the “old” industries in the highly developed countries is necessary inorder to achieve competitiveness on the world market. Developing high-tech industries, com-bined with the willingness to stand up to globalcompetition, for instance, by means of invest-ment in the research sector (knowledge/know-how)

The European Union :The Treaty of Rome and stages on the path to-wards political union: an economic, monetary,social and environmental union. Necessary de-velopments in Europe with regard to an inter-nationalisation and globalisation of the economy

Understanding the fact that a balanced proportion(mixture) of various types of utilisation (for example:living, working, transport) must be guaranteed, with a view to keeping the burdens placed on the naturaland social environment on an “ecologically accept-able” level.

Understanding the fact that regional policy will have to find ways and means to balance any regio-nal disparities by taking into account the respective locational conditions as well as the requirementsof ecological acceptability.

Understanding the fact that Europe must not onlystrive for unity and economic prosperity but willalso have to assume global responsibilty for develop-ment and the environment.

(Over) utilisation of land.Intervention in the natural environment and insocial ecosystems, displacement processes,inferior quality of life due to environmentalproblems.

The production and the distribution of goodsare by no means ecologically harmless; what is more, they have no rely on transport. Transportpolicy as environmental policy.

A burden on and damage to the local andglobal environment caused by “old” industries:a waste of raw materials and of energy

Repercussions of the political unification pro-cess on economic and social conditions (theenvironment) as well as the national and cul-tural identity of the population inside and out-side Europe.

# Berlin and Brandenburg: requirements of city planning and hinterland planning# Tertiarisation of the city- centre: consequences# Tokyo and other major capital cities: prerequisites for the“global city”?

# The railway as the momentous innovation of modern economic history# The European high-speed railway network

# Old and young industrial land- scapes# Structural and environmental policies# The steel industry in Europe# The pricing system (OECD)

# Centralism and decentralisation# The principle of subsidiarity# Migration within and towards Europe

一緒にはじめましょう

K I S SKEEP IT STUPIDLY SIMPLE

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

EE DD

SS

THE END

Chapter Six ESD in Europe and German Efforts for Implementing ESD in Curricula(Geography) by Dieter Gross.

Documents

political structures

city planning

political conditions

curricula geographyeurope

political imperative

knowledgebased economy

construction of curricula

crisis of nature