Chapter Seventeen Chapter Seventeen The Romantic Era The Romantic Era Edgar Allen Poe, American Romantic Author
Chapter SeventeenChapter Seventeen
The Romantic EraThe Romantic EraChapter SeventeenChapter Seventeen
The Romantic EraThe Romantic Era
Edgar Allen Poe, American
Romantic Author
Edgar Allen Poe, American
Romantic Author
This is as romantic as romantic gets.
Caspar David Friedrich’s “Mountianeer in a Misty Landscape”
This is as romantic as romantic gets.
Man alone, finding himself in the awesome world of nature
Caspar David Friedrich’s “Mountianeer in a Misty Landscape”
Industrial Development, Social Industrial Development, Social Progress, Scientific ProgressProgress, Scientific Progress
Industrial Development, Social Industrial Development, Social Progress, Scientific ProgressProgress, Scientific Progress
First era of Feminism and Workers’ Rights (Trade Unions, Socialism)Industrial Revolution: industry overtakes agriculture as source of national wealthUrbanization:More people living in cities than country for first time in human historySteam power, railroads, factories
“a wilderness of human beings”Scientific Discoveries
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) discovers source of disease in germs; proposes vaccination
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)Theory of evolution, natural selection“Social Darwinism”
First era of Feminism and Workers’ Rights (Trade Unions, Socialism)Industrial Revolution: industry overtakes agriculture as source of national wealthUrbanization:More people living in cities than country for first time in human historySteam power, railroads, factories
“a wilderness of human beings”Scientific Discoveries
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) discovers source of disease in germs; proposes vaccination
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)Theory of evolution, natural selection“Social Darwinism”
The Concerns of The Concerns of RomanticismRomanticism
The Concerns of The Concerns of RomanticismRomanticism
Exploration of oppositions and relations between thingsExpression of personal feelingsEmotionality, subjectivity (in place of intellectual concerns of Enlightenment era)Individual creative imagination (sometimes led to sense of artist’s alienation from society)Mystical attachment to nature, the wild, the unpredictable, and the unexploredLove of the fantastic and exoticAttempt to “re-humanize” urbanization, science, and the industrial revolutionOften very politicized
Exploration of oppositions and relations between thingsExpression of personal feelingsEmotionality, subjectivity (in place of intellectual concerns of Enlightenment era)Individual creative imagination (sometimes led to sense of artist’s alienation from society)Mystical attachment to nature, the wild, the unpredictable, and the unexploredLove of the fantastic and exoticAttempt to “re-humanize” urbanization, science, and the industrial revolutionOften very politicized
The Idealist Intellectual The Idealist Intellectual BackgroundBackground
The Idealist Intellectual The Idealist Intellectual BackgroundBackground
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Transcendental idealismCritique of Judgment (1790)
Art reconciles opposites; unites general with particular, reason with intellect
Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
Applies Aristotelian dialectic to working of material world itself: synthesis of thesis (pure infinite being), antithesis (world of nature)“World Spirit” the result of world’s synthesis of its own differences
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Transcendental idealismCritique of Judgment (1790)
Art reconciles opposites; unites general with particular, reason with intellect
Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
Applies Aristotelian dialectic to working of material world itself: synthesis of thesis (pure infinite being), antithesis (world of nature)“World Spirit” the result of world’s synthesis of its own differences
The Intellectual Background:The Intellectual Background:Thinking in Terms of Thinking in Terms of
InterrelationsInterrelations
The Intellectual Background:The Intellectual Background:Thinking in Terms of Thinking in Terms of
InterrelationsInterrelationsKarl Marx (1818-1883)
Universal proletariat, revolutionProgressive, materialist, dialectical sense of history; developed by ‘standing Hegel on his head’Artistic realism: social and politicalPro-worker
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Natural selection, dialectic of species and environmentOn the Origin of Species
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Universal proletariat, revolutionProgressive, materialist, dialectical sense of history; developed by ‘standing Hegel on his head’Artistic realism: social and politicalPro-worker
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Natural selection, dialectic of species and environmentOn the Origin of Species
Nineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:
British Romantic PoetryBritish Romantic PoetryNineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:
British Romantic PoetryBritish Romantic PoetryWilliam Wordsworth (1770-1850)
Founded Romantic movement“Emotion recollected in tranquility”
Lord Byron (1788-1824)Tormented Romantic hero, ByronicPersonal liberty, freedom
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
Founded Romantic movement“Emotion recollected in tranquility”
Lord Byron (1788-1824)Tormented Romantic hero, ByronicPersonal liberty, freedom
Nineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:
Romantic PoetryRomantic PoetryNineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:
Romantic PoetryRomantic Poetry
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
Atheism, anarchyPerfectability of humanityUnification of extreme emotions
John Keats (1795-1821)Tragedy of existence, peace of death
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
Atheism, anarchyPerfectability of humanityUnification of extreme emotions
John Keats (1795-1821)Tragedy of existence, peace of death
The Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:
American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureThe Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:
American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureEuropean influences+individualityTranscendentalists
Unity of humans with natureEmerson, Thoreau
Walt Whitman (1819-1892)Importance of the individual, freedomHumanity united with the universe
European influences+individualityTranscendentalists
Unity of humans with natureEmerson, Thoreau
Walt Whitman (1819-1892)Importance of the individual, freedomHumanity united with the universe
The Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:
American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureThe Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:
American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureEdgar Allan Poe invents the short story formEmily Dickinson (1830-1881)
Balance of passion, reasonPsychology, faith, skepticism
Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850)
Evil in society
Melville’s Moby Dick (1851)
Profound moral issuesSearch for truth, self-discovery
Edgar Allan Poe invents the short story formEmily Dickinson (1830-1881)
Balance of passion, reasonPsychology, faith, skepticism
Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850)
Evil in society
Melville’s Moby Dick (1851)
Profound moral issuesSearch for truth, self-discovery
Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting at the Turn of the CenturyPainting at the Turn of the Century
Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting at the Turn of the CenturyPainting at the Turn of the Century
Francisco Goya, romantic extraordinaire (1746-1828)
The Third of May, 1808 Execution of the Madrileños No idealization Persuasive emotionality Personal commitment, vision
Francisco Goya, romantic extraordinaire (1746-1828)
The Third of May, 1808 Execution of the Madrileños No idealization Persuasive emotionality Personal commitment, vision
Goya’s “Saturn Devouring One of His Sons”
Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in FrancePainting in France
Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in FrancePainting in France
Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa (1818)
Romantic art of Delacroix (1798-1863)
Use of color to create formViolent, emotional scenesThe Death of Sardanapalus (1826)
Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa (1818)
Romantic art of Delacroix (1798-1863)
Use of color to create formViolent, emotional scenesThe Death of Sardanapalus (1826)
Romantic Art:Romantic Art:
Realist Realist Painting in FrancePainting in FranceRomantic Art:Romantic Art:
Realist Realist Painting in FrancePainting in France
Another art movement of this time that didn’t attempt to romanticize the world but to represent how it really is. However, those realistic representations are also very individualistic statements.French Realists
Honoré Daumier (1808-1879)
Another art movement of this time that didn’t attempt to romanticize the world but to represent how it really is. However, those realistic representations are also very individualistic statements.French Realists
Honoré Daumier (1808-1879)
Daumier’s realist “Third Class”
Daumier’s “The Legislative Belly.” What reality is this commenting on?
Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in Germany and Painting in Germany and
EnglandEngland
Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in Germany and Painting in Germany and
EnglandEnglandLandscape as Romantic device
Friedrich’s Sea of Ice (1810)Constable’s Hay Wain (1821)Turner’s Slave Ship (1840)
Landscape as Romantic deviceFriedrich’s Sea of Ice (1810)Constable’s Hay Wain (1821)Turner’s Slave Ship (1840)
Friedrich’s “Sea of Ice.” How is this romantic?
Constable’s Hay Wain (1821)
The Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:
American PaintingAmerican PaintingThe Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:
American PaintingAmerican Painting
Significance of landscape paintingNatural beauty=moral beautyHudson River School (Thomas Cole), Luminists (Martin Johnson Heade)
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Realism, naturalism, drama
Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)
Scientific accuracy, objective truth
Significance of landscape paintingNatural beauty=moral beautyHudson River School (Thomas Cole), Luminists (Martin Johnson Heade)
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Realism, naturalism, drama
Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)
Scientific accuracy, objective truth
American romantic painters such as Thomas Cole in his “Landscape with Figures” celebrated the virgin land of the young nation. How is this a romantic landscape? (do you see the figures?)
Another work of Thomas Cole. What is he saying about America?
Heade uses oils to remove all trace of brushstroke from his painting of Lake George in New York. The result is luminous and almost photographic.
Winslow Homer’s “Gulf Stream,” a very powerful American romantic vision. What does this seemingly terrifying image represent?
Eakins’ Miss Van Buren (1889)
The angle of the subject’s head and the position of the chair make us approach the subject as a person.
We wonder: what is she thinking? Looking at?
Edgar Allan Poe, “The Pit and the Pendulum.”
American Romanticism. What is romantic about this?