Chapter Outline Edgar et al., Civilizations Past and Present Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman I. The Troubled Calm: The West in the 1920s II. The Epoch of the Aggressors III. World War II IV. Postwar Settlements
Chapter Outline Edgar et al., Civilizations Past and Present Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman I. The Troubled Calm:
Dec 17, 2015
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Chapter Outline
Edgar et al., Civilizations Past and Present
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
I. The Troubled Calm: The West in the 1920sII. The Epoch of the AggressorsIII. World War IIIV. Postwar Settlements
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
I. The Troubled Calm: The West in the 1920sA. The League of Nations
B. The French Quest for Security1923, Invasion of Ruhr1925, Locarno Pact
Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy
Rhine demilitarized1928, Kellogg-Briand Pact
62 countriescontrol of war
C. Soviet and German CooperationTreaty of Brest-LitovskComintern (Third Communist
International)Soviet Union—foreign policy
use of Communist partiestraditional diplomacy
1922, Rapallo PactGermans and Russians renounce
reparations1926, renewed for 5 years
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
II. The Epoch of the Aggressors
A. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
Manchurian Incident, 1931
South Manchurian Railroad bombed
1932, Japanese puppet state
League of Nations protests
1933, encroachment
Chinese Response
Nanjing—Chinese Nationalist Government
Tanggu truce with Japan, 1933
Nationalists, Jiang Jieshi
focus on Communists
1936—coup
Prince Konoe Fumimaro, Prime Minister
(A. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931)
1937—fighting between China and Japan
> war, 19381938—“New Order in East Asia”
“Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”
U.S. 1939—ends commercial treaty
with Japan
1940—Tripartite ActJapan, Germany, Italyagainst U.S.
1941—Neutrality Pact with Soviets
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
II. The Epoch of the Aggressors
B. Italy Attacks Ethiopia1934—Fighting1935—Invasion
> League of Nations sanctions
1936—Sanctions liftedHaile Selassie to Britain
C. The Rhineland and the Axis1935, Rhineland reoccupied
no response
Maginot LineFrench mobilize
1936, Anti-Comintern PactGermany and Japan
D. The Spanish TragedySpanish Republic
1936—disintegrating
General Francisco Franco (1892–1975)
Italian support
RepublicSoviet support
1939—Barcelona fallsend of Republic
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
II. The Epoch of the Aggressors
E. The Logic of AppeasementAnschluss
1936—pressure on Austria1938—union declared
Sudentanland (Czechoslovakia)
Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940)1937, Prime Minister
Munich Conference, September, 1938
Chamberlain, Mussolini, Daladier, Hitler
accepts Hitler’s demands
1939—Hitler takes CzechoslovakiaBritain and France arm
F. The Nazi-Soviet PactPoland
1939, Hitler warns against invasion
> German-Soviet non-aggression pact
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
III. World War II
A. A New Way of WarBlitzkrieg (lightning war)MobilityInnovations
radarairplanesparatrooperslanding craftflying bombsamphibious forces
B. Blitzkrieg and SitzkriegSeptember 1, 1939,
Nazis into PolandSeptember 5,
Britain and France declare war
1939–1940, Sitzkrieg“phony war”
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
III. World War II
C. “Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat”1940—Norway and Denmark
defeatedDunkirk
Allies retreatChamberlain resigns> Winston Churchill (1874–1965)June 14, Paris falls
> Marshall Philippe Pétain (1856–1951)
premierJune 22, peace
> Vichy France
Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970)Free French Government
1940–1941—Air raids on Britain
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
III. World War II
D. Mastery of Europeby March, 1941
Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania join Axis
Mussoliniinvades Greece, 1940defeated1941, Hitler assists
Yugoslavia, Greece defeated
E. War with the Soviet UnionOperation Barbarossa
June 1941failure
Spring 1942Red Army advancing
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
III. World War IIF. The U.S. Enters the War
1941—Lend-Lease Act$11 billion to Soviet
Union1941—Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt and Churchill
OctoberKonoe resignsTojo Hideki (1884–
1948)prime minister
December 7, Pearl Harbor
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
III. World War IIG. The Apogee of the Axis
1942—Japan expands in PacificHong Kong, Singapore, Malaya, Burma,
VietnamAmerican victories: Coral Sea, Midway,
GuadalcanalNovember—El Alamein—British/American
victory1943—Axis defeat in North Africa
September, Armistice with Italy
The Russian Turning PointSiege of Stalingrad
September 1942–February 19431944, Germans pushed out
Axis CollapseJune 6, 1944—D-Day
NormandyYalta Conference, February 1945
Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchillfour occupation zonesUnited Nations
May 8, 1945—V-E Day
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
III. World War II
H. The HolocaustConcentration campsHeinrich Himmler
Reinhard Heydrich“Final Solution”
3 million killed at Auschwitz
I. The Atomic BombPotsdam Declaration
Truman and Clement Atleeunconditional surrender
> Hiroshima, Nagasaki, 1945
Chapter 31: World War II: Origins and Consequences, 1919-1946
Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman
IV. Postwar Settlements
A. Costs55 million deadJapanese—1.7 million soldiers
1 million civiliansAllied Occupation
Soviet Union25 million dead
B. ReprisalsCollaborators sentenced
C. Occupationfour zones:
British, French, American, Soviet
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