chapter one power train

Chapter- One 

Classification of Motor vehicles

Functions of subunits in Motor Vehicle

Transmission of Motion to Wheels

INTRODUCTION

Motor Vehicles –used for transporting

goods and/or passengers

fullling specic operations on land. 

Motor vehicles are supported by the ground,

compared with aircraft  and marine  are

supported by air and water.

Classification of Motor vehicles

 Type of roads Guided Motor vehicles and Nonguided motor

vehicles

Guided Motor vehicles

Move along a !ed path "guide way#, such as railway

vehicles

Nonguided motor vehicles

can move, by choice, in various directions on the

ground, such as road vehicles and o$road vehicles.

Classification of Motor vehicles%unning gear 

&ingleTrac' motor vehicles  and MultiTrac' motor vehicles 

&ingleTrac' motor vehiclesMotor vehicles with ( wheels with or without sidecar.

)!amples

Motorcycle  *ny twowheeled vehicle with or without

sidecar.

Moped  Motor cycle with pedals and a petrol engine of

low power.

motorcycle Moped

 Classification of Motor vehicles&ingleTrac' motor vehicles

Scooter Motorcycle with sidecar 

Scooter  

- Light motor cycle, usually with small wheels, a low

seat and a metal shield protecting the driver's legs.

Classification of Motor vehiclesMultiTrac' motor vehicles

Motor vehicles with three or more wheels.

&alooncar "sedan#  motor car where the area for

the driver and passengers is closed o$ from the

luggage and engine areas " + bo! #.

atchbac'  car with a hatched bac', doors hinged

at the top that opens" ( bo!# .

Saloon-car (sedan) Hatchbac! wheels Motorcycle

Classification of Motor vehiclesMultiTrac' motor vehicles

Motor vehicles with three or more wheels.

-ic' up  "also -ic'up truc'#  small van or truc',

used by builders, farmers etc, for load carrying.

an  covered vehicle, for transporting goods or

people.

0orry "1& Truc'#  large strong motor vehicle for

transporting goods, soldiers, etc by road.

"ic - up 

("ic-up truc) #anLorry ($S %ruc)

Classification of Motor vehicles

2aterpillar tractor "o$ road vehicles#

 Tractor tted with the chain belt passing round the

wheels of a tractor enabling it to travel o$ road .

Classification of Motor vehicles31&)&

3uses are used to transport people.

 The capacity of buses is more for passengers  and luggage.

3uses fall into one of the following categories, depending upon the use.

Microbus  The capacity of microbuses is appro!. (4

passengers.

2ity buses " 1rban buses #  5 6esigned and e7uipped for

driving regularly scheduled incity and suburban routes.

 Tour buses " 0ongdistance coach # 5 are designed to provide a

comfortable ride over long distances. Tour buses have large

luggage compartments  from front to rear below the

passanger 8oor.

Classification of Motor vehicles

5) Buses

Microbus

%our bus &rticulated bus

ouble-decer public bus

$SS

Classification of Motor vehiclesTransport Vehicles:  Transport vehicles are further classied

*ccording to the type of body5 

Generalpurpose cargo truc's  5 with an open dropsided body used for

carrying bul' and pac'aged goods.

&pecialpurpose truc's  5 with bodies adapted for a certain 'ind of

wor', e.g. dump truc's with tiltable bodies used to carry viscous and bul'

materials, or with bodies specially adapted for transporting peat, cement,

mi!ed fodder, grain, cotton, cattle, gasoline, mil', etc.  

*ccording to the load capacity 5 

)!tralight duty truc's  5 up to 9.:4 t  , built on the chassis of passenger

cars and used for deliveries of light loads in the communication and

communal services and in trade. 

0ightduty vehicles  5 from 9.:4 to (.4 t  , that wor' in trade, at industrial

enterprises and in agriculture, hauling light loads. They also serves as cargo

ta!is. 

Classification of Motor vehicles

*ccording to the load capacity 5

Medium-duty trucks  5 from (.4 to 4.9 t  , mostly

carrying loads for organi;ations and enterprises with a

moderate cargo tra<c.

Heavy-duty trucks 5 from 4.9 t to =9.9 t , used on hard

surface roads for carrying building materials, fuel, and

products manufactured by large industrial enterprises.

Extra-heavy-duty vehicles 5 above =9.9 t , for wor' in

ore and coal mines and at big construction pro>ects with

a large amount of steady cargo tra<c. *s a rule, these

vehicles are diverted from public highways.

Classification of Motor vehicles

*lat bed %ruc

+-road deep %ruc

ump %ruc

%ractor-trailer rig

%ransport #ehicles

IO Classification?&@+A++ classies ground vehicles in : groups5

Motorcycles

-assenger cars

3usses

 Truc's

*gricultural tractors

-assenger cars with trailer

 Truc' trailer/semi trailer road trains

Classification of Motor vehicles

specic purpose Motor vehicles 

!utomobiles "stems

 The basic systems / -arts of automobiles

-ower source

)ngine

6rive train

2lutch, gear 3o!, &haft and 6i$erential

)lectrical &ystem

?gnition, &tarting 0ighting and battery

Bheels and tires

&uspension &ystem

 &teering &ystem

3ra'ing &ystem

#o$er TransmissionMechanical energy is converted into Motion

*ny *utomobile consists of -owertrain and Non

powertrain components.

-owerTrain components

  -arts involved in the process of generating

power to converting it to Motion

Non -owerTrain components 

-arts li'e 3ody, Crame

Drive Train?ndicates the power 8ow of motor vehicle from

engine to driving wheels

 The main components of drive train5

)ngine2lutchTransmission6riveshaft6i$erential

Bheels

Drive Train Confi%urations Two wheels 6rive "(B6#

Cront engine rear wheel drive

Cront engine front wheel drive

)ngine transmission cross mounted

)ngine behind transmission

)ngine in front of transmission

%ear engine rear wheel drive

Cour wheel drive "DB6#

6rive Train2ongurations

Cront engine rear wheel drive

Drive Train Confi%urationsCront engine front wheel drive

)ngine transmission cross mounted

)ngine behind transmission

Drive Train Confi%urations

Cront engine front wheel drive

)ngine in front of transmission

%ear engine rear wheel drive

Drive Train Confi%urations

Cour wheel drive

%ransmission

%ranser ase

Characteristics of &roun' Vehicle

 The main ob>ective of studying mechanics "6ynamics#

of Ground vehicle is to establish guiding principles for

%ational 6evelopment

6esign

&election of vehicles

?n general, the characteristics of a ground vehicle may

be described in terms of its

-erformance

andling

%ide

Characteristics of &roun' Vehicle

-erformance 2haracteristics

%efers to the ability of the vehicle to accelerate, to

drawbar pull, to overcome obstacles and to decelerate

andling Eualities

*re concerned with response of the vehicle to the

driverFs commands and its ability to stabili;e its motion

against e!ternal disturbances

%ide 2haracteristics

*re related to the vibration of the vehicle e!cited by

surface irregularities and its e$ects on passengers and

goods

The

Classification of Motor vehicles

!assen"er car Motor vehicle intended for carrying ma!

passengers with luggage.